Solvent extraction and bulk liquid membrane transport of Co(II) and Ni(II) ammine cations by proton-ionizable crown ethers

Separation efficiencies and selectivities in solvent extraction of Co(II) and Ni(H) ammine cations from aqueous solutions into chloroform and toluene and in transport through bulk toluene membranes by proton-ionizable crown ethers have been determined. Six proton-ionizable crown ethers with differing lipophilicities, polyether cavity sizes and ionizable groups (carboxylic and sulfonic acid functions) were examined. Higher selectivity and efficiency for Co(II) ammine cation extraction was observed for the more lipophilic, proton-ionizable crown ethers. Highly lipophilic crown carboxylic acids provided effective and selective transport of Co(II) ammine cations through bulk toluene membranes.Presented in part at the 6th International Symposium on High Purity Materials in Science and Technology: Preparation, Characterization and Application of Well-Defined Materials, Dresden, GDR, May 1985, Poster D91, Poster Abstracts, pp. 144, 145.All extraction and transport experiments were conducted at this location.     

高选择性透过二氧化硫气体分离膜的研究 （Ⅳ）不同烃基乙烯基亚砜接枝聚乙烯醇膜的透过性能

研究了不同烃基乙烯基亚砜接枝聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ－ＲＶＳＯ，Ｒ＝Ｍｅ，Ｅｔ，ｔ－Ｂｕ，Ｐｈ）膜对纯ＳＯ２、Ｎ２的透过性能以及ＳＯ２／Ｎ２混合气体的分离性能．结果表明上述膜对ＳＯ２具有高的选择性．对不同烃基乙烯基亚砜接枝膜进行了比较．     

分子印迹壳聚糖膜分离手性苯丙氨酸

以L-苯丙氨酸(L-Phe)为印迹分子,采用相转化法制备了分子印迹壳聚糖膜。分别采用碱液处理和硫酸交联两种方法对膜进行处理,降低了壳聚糖膜的溶胀度,印迹膜内识别位点的结构得以保持。采用FT-IR和SEM对膜的化学组成和结构形态进行了表征。通过渗透实验考察了分子印迹壳聚糖膜和非印迹空白壳聚糖膜对D,L-苯丙氨酸(D,L-Phe)混合物的手性拆分性能,并与空白膜进行了比较。印迹膜的分离因子达到1.43。     

分析化学中液膜富集方法的研究——痕量锰的液膜分离富集与火焰原子吸收光谱法测定

本文以N_(205)-P_(507)-煤油-液体石蜡-HCl液膜体系分离富集了痕量Mn~(2+),五次提取分离,富集倍数可达87倍,回收率近于98％。与火焰原子吸收光谱法结合,可富集测定ppb级的Mn~(2+)。     

电位法测定异价阳离子通过阳离子交换膜时的选择透过性

从理论上导出了不等价的两种阳离子在通过阳离子交换膜时的选择透过性与膜电位的关系，并用电位法对一些不等价阳离子组合在两种商品膜中的选择透过性进行了测定。本方法测定结果与电渗析实际分离效果相符。     

氯磺化聚乙烯结构和性能研究Ⅰ.氯磺化反应及其对晶体结构的影响

氯磺化聚乙烯水解后是一种性能特异的离子交换膜。本文研究了低密度及高密度聚乙烯中空纤维氯磺化反应时间与交换容量之间的关系,并用红外光谱及广角X射线衍射法测定了氯磺化反应对聚乙烯晶体结构的影响。结果表明,氯磺化反应主要发生在聚乙烯的非晶区,最大交换容量及反应速度均与非晶区含量有关。反应对晶粒表面也有一定程度的侵蚀作用,随着交换容量的增加,结晶度下降,晶粒度减小。低密度及高密度聚乙烯的变化趋势相似,但前者比后者变化更显著。     

Activity coefficients of electrolytes from the E.M.F. of liquid membrane cells. II - multicharged electrolyte solutions

The activity coefficients of Co(en)₃Cl₃ and K₂SO₄ were measured by means of a cell with ion-exchange liquid membranes following the method described in paper I. The results prove that this method is even more valuable with multicharged salts than with 1-1 electrolytes. The values obtained are precise and reliable down to dilution limits never before accessible, e.g., 4×10^–5 mol-kg^–1 in Co(en)₃Cl₃. High dilution levels are of particular importance when dealing with highly charged electrolytes since the trend at higher concentrations often leads to errors both in extrapolation to infinite dilution and in the absolute activity coefficients. As an application, the activity coefficients of [Co(en)₃]₂(SO₄)₃-suspected to be wrongly evaluated in past literature-were measured, and their values at low concentrations were actually lower than those quoted before.     

A new poly(2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropylacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, diethyl maleate) membrane controlled clonidine linear release in the transdermal drug delivery system

Oral clonidine, used as an antihypertensive, can result in some side effects such as dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness and sedation; thus, clonidine transdermal drug delivery (TDD) was considered. Use of the controlled release membrane was one of the methods in TDD systems to regulate the permeation properties. A new type of copolymer membrane that controlled clonidine linear release in TDD system was synthesized by UV radiation. This membrane consisted of three monomers: 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropylacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate and diethyl maleate. The membrane had both fine permeation properties and perfect physical properties when three monomers were in the weight ratio of 4:4:2; this type of membrane was chosen as an optimized membrane. It was found that the membrane controlled clonidine zero-order release, the permeation rates decreased with the thicknesses of membranes increasing, and the permeation rates were linearly dependent on the square root of the concentration of clonidine. Furthermore, the optimized membranes were characterized by FTIR, DSC and SEM.     

Potentiometric pH response of membranes prepared with various aminated-poly (vinyl chloride) products

The preparation and potentiometric pH response properties of membranes formulated with various aminated-poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-NH₂) products are described. Products containing secondary and/or primary amino functional groups are obtained by modifying PVC with mono- and/or diamines, respectively. Blank membranes prepared with either type of aminated-polymer exhibit nearly Nernstian potentiometric pH responses over different pH ranges. In general, membranes based on diamino products exhibit pH response over a wider range (5–10.5) than membranes formulated with monoamino products (<8.0). These potentiometric results are used to estimate the basicity of the various primary and secondary amino sites in the membrane phases.Dedicated to Professer W. Simon on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

计算单向复合材料弹性模量的新公式

根据复合材料单层的实际构造，提出了串并联组合模型，采用微观力学与宏观力学相结合的方法，推导出一组计算单向复合材料弹性模量的新公式。其优点是：Ｅ１和ｖ（１２）、Ｅ２和Ｇ（１２）的计算式形式对称，结构简单，计算容易，物理意义明确。我们把由世界上许多著名学者提出的多组预测公式和本文导出式计算所得的结果与国内外已发表的硼／环氧、碳／环氧、玻璃／环氧复合材料的实验数据相比较，结果表明：导出式比其他公式精确、更有价值，可供二程设计使用。