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41.
Thorsteinn Loftsson Dagný Hreinsdóttir Már Másson 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2007,57(1-4):545-552
Studies have shown that cyclodextrins form both inclusion and non-inclusion complexes and that several different types of
complexes can coexist in aqueous solutions. In addition, both cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin complexes are known to form aggregates
and it is thought that these aggregates are able to solubilize drugs through micellar-type mechanism. Thus, stability constants
determined from phase-solubility profiles are rarely true stability constants for of some specific drug/cyclodextrin complexes.
A more precise method for evaluation of the solubilizing effects of cyclodextrins is to determine their complexation efficiency
(CE). CE can be determined by measuring the solubility of a given drug at 2–3 cyclodextrin concentrations in pure water or
a medium constituting the pharmaceutical formulation such as parenteral solution or aqueous eye drop formulation. Based on
the CE value the drug:cyclodextrin ratio in the complexation medium can be determined as well as the increase in the formulation
bulk in a solid dosage form. Determination of CE is a simple method for quick evaluating the solubilizing effects of different
cyclodextrins and/or the effects of excipients on the solubilization. Here we report the CE of 43 different drugs with mainly
2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin but also with randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin as well as few other cyclodextrins. Calculation of CE, drug:cyclodextrin molar ratio and the increase in the
formulation bulk is discussed, as well as the influence of the intrinsic solubility and drug lipophilicity on the CE. 相似文献
42.
G.?A.?Mun I.?K.?Nam R.?R.?SarsengalievEmail author Z.?S.?Nurkeeva P.?I.?Urkimbaeva K.?Park 《Colloid and polymer science》2004,282(10):1111-1117
Amphiphilic hydrogels of copolymers of the vinyl ether of ethylene glycol and vinyl isobutyl ether were synthesized by -radiation-induced free radical polymerization. Hydrogels with certain copolymer compositions showed thermo-sensitive behavior in aqueous solutions. The swelling behavior of the hydrogels in cetylpyridinium bromide aqueous solution was studied. Increased swelling of the hydrogels was observed in the surfactant solutions. The increased swelling was more prominent for the hydrogels with a higher content of hydrophobic moiety in the copolymer composition, and with higher surfactant concentration. The reason for this phenomenon is discussed. Treatment of some hydrogels in the surfactant solutions resulted in higher swelling ability in distilled water with distinct thermo-induced contraction over a narrow temperature interval. 相似文献
43.
44.
《Electroanalysis》2006,18(22):2243-2250
This work is focused on the voltammetric examination of the ion exchange properties of a smectite type clay, before and after its modification by the replacement of its native interlamellar cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+) by hexadecyltrimethylammonium cations (HDTMA+). The raw clay and its organically modified form were first characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET method) that confirmed the modification via an intercalation process. These materials were subsequently coated onto glassy carbon surfaces, and the resulting modified electrodes were evaluated for the uptake of [Ru(NH3)6]3+ and [Fe(CN)6]3? ions used as redox probes. Some experimental parameters affecting the incorporation of the probes within the film, including the ionic strength, the surfactant loading and the solution pH are thoroughly examined, in order to highlight the mechanism of the process. The possibility of using the surfactant‐intercalated clay modified electrode as an electrochemical sensor for [Fe(CN)6]3? is also evaluated. 相似文献
45.
The self‐assembly of NiCl2·6H2O with a diaminodiamide ligand 4,8‐diazaundecanediamide (L‐2,3,2) gave a [Ni(C9H20N4O2)(Cl)(H2O)] Cl·2H2O ( 1 ). The structure of 1 was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Structural data for 1 indicate that the Ni(II) is coordinated to two tertiary N atoms, two O atoms, one water and one chloride in a distorted octahedral geometry. Crystal data for 1: orthorhombic, space group P 21nb, a = 9.5796(3) Å, b = 12.3463(4) Å, c = 14.6305(5) Å, Z = 4. Through NH···Cl–Ni (H···Cl 2.42 Å, N···Cl 3.24 Å, NH···Cl 158°) and OH···Cl–Ni contacts (H···Cl 2.36 Å, O···Cl 3.08 Å, OH···Cl 143°), each cationic moiety [Ni(C9H20N4O2) (Cl)(H2O)]+ in 1 is linked to neighboring ones, producing a charged hydrogen‐bonded 1D chainlike structure. Thermogrametric analysis of compound 1 is consistent with the crystallographic observations. The electronic absorption spectrum of Ni(L‐2,3,2)2+ in aqueous solution shows four absorption bands, which are assigned to the 3A2g → 3T2g, 3T2g → 1Eg, 3T2g → 3T1g, and 3A2g → 3T1g transitions of triplet‐ground state, distorted octahedral nickel(II) complex. The cyclic volammetric measurement shows that Ni2+ is more easily reduced than Ni(L‐2,3,2)2+ in aqueous solution. 相似文献
46.
Differential scanning calorimetry is well suited to record heat productions of chemical and physical processes as data for the following kinetic analysis. To obtain kinetic parameters of complex reactions, nonlinear optimization methods have to be used. Such complex reaction systems are polymerizations. We tried to evaluate measurements of the epoxy cure and the polymerization of β-propiolactame with simple and complex models. In both cases the simple models did not produce satisfactory results. But by using complex models a successful fitting of the measured data was possible. Our investigation shows that the combination of DSC and modern nonlinear evaluation methods presents a suitable tool for the kinetic investigation of polymerizations. 相似文献
47.
Patrick Gredin Ariel De Kozak Michel Quarton Jean Renaudin Grard Ferey 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》1993,619(6):1088-1094
The liquid-solid phase diagram of the binary system BaF2? ScF3 is established by D.T.A. and radiocrystallography. Three fluorides are disclosed: Ba3Sc2F12, Ba5Sc3F19 and a cubic high temperature phase Ba1?xScxF2+x (x = 0.17), the structure of which derives from that of BaF2. A solid solution between BaF2 and ScF3 is also evidenced at high temperature. The ternary system BaF2? CuF2? ScF3 is investigated by radiocrystallography and an isothermal section at 670°C is given. It shows the existence of four phases: a complex quaternary fluoride Ba10Cu12ScF47, two “polytypic” phases the structure of which derives from that of BaCuF4 and a tetragonal solid solution Ba5Sc3?xCuxF19?x with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. 相似文献
48.
A series of novel phenoxy-phosphinimine ligands (L): L = 2-(Ph2PNR), 4, 6-(CMe3)2-C6H2OH [2, R = SiMe3; 3, R = Ph] have been prepared in the yield of 65-71%. And bis(phenoxy-phosphinimide) group 4 complexes of the type L2MCl2 [4, M = Ti, R = SiMe3; 5, M = Zr, R = SiMe3; 6, M = Ti, R = Ph; 7, M = Zr, R = Ph] have been synthesized by the reaction of the ligands with TiCl4 and ZrCl4. The structure of complex 7 has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The complexes 4-7 showed inactive to ethylene polymerization in the presence of modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) and i-Bu3Al/Ph3CB(C6 F5)4. These results should be caused by overdoing the steric congestion around central metal. 相似文献
49.
Rosa Ortiz Joaquín Borrás Lourdes Perelló Horacio Jimenez 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1986,117(4):443-451
The formation constants of the binary complexes Cu(CM)2+ and Cu(CM)
2
2+
as well as those of the ternary complexes Cu(CM)L
+ and Cu(CM)2
L
+ (CM=Cimetidine=N-Cyano-N-methyl-N[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyltioethyl]-guanidine; HL=Phenobarbital=5-ethyl-5-phenyl-barbituric acid) have been determined in 0.1 and 1.0 mol dm–3 NaClO4 methanol solutions at 25±0.2°C. The values of logX, log stat.., and logK confirm the stability of the ternary complexes.
Ternäre Komplexe von Cimetidin und Phenobarbital mit Cu(II) in methanolischer Lösung
Zusammenfassung Die Stabilitätskonstanten der binären Komplexe Cu(CM)2+ und Cu(CM) 2 2+ sowie die der ternären Komplexe Cu(CM)L + und Cu(CM)2 L + (CM=Cimetidin=N-Cyan-N-methyl-N-[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methylthioethyl]-guanidin; HL=Phenobarbitalum=5-Ethyl-5-phenyl-barbitursäure) wurden in 0.1 und 1.0M Lösungen von NaClO4 in Methanol bei 25±0.2°C bestimmt. Die Werte von logX, log stat. und logK bestätigen die Stabilität der ternären Komplexe.相似文献
50.
稀土氨基酸固体络合物的合成及结构分析进展 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:16
本文综述了稀土氨基酸络合物的合成,以及应用红外、核磁、X-射线衍射、热分析等方法进行结构分析研究的进展情况。 相似文献