Pd-SiW12/SiO2催化剂上乙烯直接氧化制乙酸的反应机理

 利用积分反应器和微分反应器对Pd－SiW12／SiO2催化剂上乙烯直接氧化生成乙酸的反应机理进行了探讨．乙烯在积分反应中氧化的主要产物为乙酸（选择性为77．6％），很少生成乙醛（选择性仅为8．1％）；而在微分反应中氧化的主要产物是乙醛（选择性为98．4％）．在微分反应中分别以乙醛和乙醇为主反应物时，乙醛氧化完全生成乙酸，选择性为100％，而乙醇氧化生成乙酸的选择性低于0．15％．可以认为，在Pd－SiW12／SiO2催化剂上，水蒸气存在下乙烯主要经由中间物乙醛而生成乙酸．通过对含有不同组分和不同还原条件处理的催化剂活性的比较，认为目的反应主要发生在Pd与SiW12相互接触的部位，催化剂中的Pd0是活性Pd物种的主要形态．     

Recent Results on Fast Flow Gas-Phase Partial Oxidation of Lower Alkanes

Recent experimental results and kinetic modeling of fast flow gas-phase oxidation of methane and other lower alkanes to methanol and other oxygenates are discussed,alongside with prospects and possible areas for applications of the processes.     

Chemical modification of polymer surfaces: a review

The main approaches that have been taken to chemically modify polymer surfaces are introduced and reviewed. These are wet chemical oxidation, plasma treatment, classical organic chemistry, and attachment of polymer chains. The extent to which each of these approaches can produce the specific modifications desired is discussed, and any unwanted effects that commonly occur are cited. Finally, the need for using several methods of surface analysis in concert to obtain adequate surface characterization is described.     

Reactions of 5-dialkylamino-1,2,3-thiadiazole-4-carbaldehydes with amines as a method for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-4-carbothioamides

A method for the synthesis of previously inaccessible 5-dialkylamino-substituted 1,2,3-thiadiazole-4-carbaldehydes was developed. Ring transformation in these compounds induced by primary aliphatic and aromatic amines, hydroxylamines, and N-substituted hydrazines resulted in the synthesis of a broad range of 1,2,3-triazole-4-carbothioamide.     

Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical properties of 12,42-dioxo-21,31-diphenyl-7,10,13-trioxa-1,4(3,1)-diquinoxalina-2(2,3),3(3,2)-diindolizinacyclopentadecaphane

The oxidative dehydrocyclization of the 3-(indolizin-2′-yl)-2-oxoquinoxaline monopodand performed either electrochemically or under the action of molecular iodine affords new redox-active heterocyclophane consisting of the redox-switchable biindolizine fragment combined with the polyether-bridged π-deficient quinoxaline systems. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction study showed that the trioxaundecane chain of heterocyclophane adopts an extended conformation, and one of the phenyl substituents of the molecule closes the pseudocavity formed by the spacer from one of the sides. The cyclic voltammetric study of heterocyclophane in MeCN and DMF showed the three-step oxidation of the indolizine fragments accompanied by the single-electron transfer in each step. The first and third steps are reversible, and the second step is irreversible. The oxidation at potentials of the first peak gives rise to stable radical cations detected by the ESR method (g = 2.0024, a _2N = 0.26 mT). Dedicated to Professor E. A. Berdnikov on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1991–2003, October, 2007.     

Redox thermochemistry of SrFe1-xCoxO3-d

The enthalpy of oxidation of SrFe_1-xCo_xO_3-d with x=0.33 and 0.67 has been determined by adiabatic calorimetry; average values for x=0.33 and 0.67 are -67±11 and -49.5±9 kJ (mol O₂)^-1. These data and the previously reported value for SrFeO_3-d suggest that the enthalpy of oxidation for pure (perovskite-type) SrCoO_3-d is close to zero. Earlier reported composition - partial pressure data for SrFe_0.67Co_0.33O_3-d are reproduced when preferential oxidation of iron is assumed for low partial pressures of oxygen. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

One-electron oxidation of the iron(II) complex of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-quinone A pulse radiolysis study

One-electron oxidation of the ferrous tris-PQ complex, a model for lipoxygenase, was attempted using oxidants such as •OH, N^•₃, Br^•-₂, Tl²⁺ and TlOH⁺. •OH was found to react with the complex with a bimolecular rate constant of (3.9±0.6)x10⁹dm³mol^-1s^-1, a rate which is not very dissimilar to that for the reaction with the ligand PQ. However the product of the reaction was found to be a OH-adduct rather than a cation radical. No reaction was found to occur with N^•₃ or Br^•-₂. Both Tl²⁺ and TlOH⁺ reacted with the complex to form its oxidised species with rate constants of (7.0±1)x10⁸dm³mol^-1s^-1 and (4.0±0.8)x10⁸dm³mol^-1s^-1, respectively. From a comparison of the rate constants and the transient spectra it was concluded that the centre of oxidation is the ligand rather than the metal.     

Chemical environment of copper at the surface of a CuAl2 model alloy: XPS,MEIS and TEM analyses

Air‐formed oxide on a CuAl₂ model alloy is shown to be free of copper species, with copper enriching in the alloy. With thickening of the oxide by anodizing, copper enriches further to a critical concentration at which its oxidation proceeds with incorporation of Cu(II) species into the film. Such species migrate more rapidly through the film than aluminium species. Incorporation of copper species is associated with generation of oxygen gas within the film and subsequent film rupture is due to release of the gas. Reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) species during XPS analysis is characterized and the accelerating role of charge neutralizing is highlighted. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pt-V2O5/HM催化剂积炭机理的TPO研究

Ｐｔ┐Ｖ２Ｏ５／ＨＭ催化剂积炭机理的ＴＰＯ研究蔡炳新（湖南大学化学化工系，长沙４１００１２）周烈华郑小明（杭州大学催化研究所，杭州３１００２８）关键词铂，五氧化二钒，氢型丝光沸石，程序升温氧化酸性载体Ｐｔ系贵金属双功能催化剂表面积炭是导致其催化性能衰...     

TiO_2-CeO_2催化剂湿式氧化苯酚的活性研究

采用共沉淀法制备了湿式氧化降解苯酚的TiO2-CeO2催化剂,测定了反应过程中不同反应时间的COD去除率,结果表明,当Ti、Ce摩尔比为3∶1时,在150℃、总压5MPa(其中氧分压4.5MPa)时,所制备的催化剂活性最高,反应90分钟COD去除率可以达到71%.对催化剂进行了比表面积、XRD和XPS测试,结果表明,高效的催化剂具有较多的活性位、催化剂粉末体系Ce的变价特性以及大量的表面吸附氧.