A multiscale model for the elastoviscoplastic behavior of Directionally Solidified alloys: Application to FE structural computations

A mean field mechanical model describing the inelastic behavior and strong anisotropy of Directionally Solidified (DS) materials is developed. Its material parameters are calibrated by comparison with the Finite Element (FE) computation of a Representative Volume Element (RVE). In the case of a large grain alloy where microstructure size cannot be neglected with respect to geometrical variations, this approach is a good candidate to evaluate the local scatter coming from the material heterogeneity.     

A thermodynamically-consistent microplane model for shape memory alloys

In microplane theory, it is assumed that a macroscopic stress tensor is projected to the microplane stresses. It is also assumed that 1D constitutive laws are defined for associated stress and strain components on all microplanes passing through a material point. The macroscopic strain tensor is obtained by strain integration on microplanes of all orientations at a point by using a homogenization process. Traditionally, microplane formulation has been based on the Volumetric–Deviatoric–Tangential split and macroscopic strain tensor was derived using the principle of complementary virtual work. It has been shown that this formulation could violate the second law of thermodynamics in some loading conditions. The present paper focuses on modeling of shape memory alloys using microplane formulation in a thermodynamically-consistent framework. To this end, a free energy potential is defined at the microplane level. Integrating this potential over all orientations provides the macroscopic free energy. Based on this free energy, a new formulation based on Volumetric–Deviatoric split is proposed. This formulation in a thermodynamic-consistent framework captures the behavior of shape memory alloys. Using experimental results for various loading conditions, the validity of the model has been verified.     

冲击载荷下瞬态温度的实时测量方法

将红外瞬态测温装置引入SHPB冲击实验,确定了不同材料试件的温度标定曲线,并实时测量了冲击下Al合金和伪弹性TiNi合金试样的表面温度。结果表明,2种试样温度变化都经历了加载过程的温度升高,主要不同在于卸载过程,Al合金卸载过程中温度保持最大加载温度不变,而TiNi合金试样卸载过程中温度降低,这反映了2种材料不同的物理变形过程和温度变化机制。直接红外测温的实验结果与根据能量守恒理论计算的温度较好吻合,说明采用的红外测温方法实时测量冲击瞬态温度是可行的。

     

Combined stress waves with phase transition in thin-walled tubes简

The incremental constitutive relation and governing equations with combined stresses for phase transition wave propagation in a thin-walled tube are established based on the phase transition criterion considering both the hydrostatic pressure and the deviatoric stress. It is found that the centers of the initial and subsequent phase transition ellipses are shifted along the σ-axis in the στ-plane due to the tension-compression asymmetry induced by the hydrostatic pressure. The wave solution offers the "fast" and "slow" phase transition waves under combined longitudinal and torsional stresses in the phase transition region. The results show some new stress paths and wave structures in a thin-walled tube with phase transition, differing from those of conventional elastic-plastic materials.     

钛合金表面类金刚石碳梯度薄膜的摩擦磨损性能研究

与Ti6Al4V合金／超高分子量聚乙烯摩擦副对比,考察了Ti6Al4V合金表面类金刚石碳梯度薄膜／超高分子量聚乙烯摩擦副在干摩擦以及Hank’s溶液和生理盐水润滑下的摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电子显微镜观察试样磨损表面形貌,并进而分析磨损机理。结果表明,类金刚石碳梯度薄膜具有良好的减摩抗磨性能,其体积磨损率约为相同条件下Ti6Al4V合金体积磨损率的50％,相应的超高分子量聚乙烯偶件的磨损率亦较低,类金刚石碳梯度薄膜的磨损呈现轻微磨粒磨损特征,而超高分子量聚乙烯可抑制类金刚石碳梯度薄膜的磨粒磨损。     

几种含硫镍基高温自润滑合金的研究

作者用中频感应炉熔炼了5种Mo、S添加量相同的含S镍基合金,并在其自行设计制造的销-盘式高温摩擦试验机上考察了它们的摩擦系数和磨损率随温度的变化规律。物相分析结果表明,合金中生成的硫化物在不含Cr时主要是MoS_2,而在合金含5％(ωt)和10％(ωt)Cr时生成的硫化物分别为CrMo_2S_4和Cr_3S_4。因此,含Cr合金在较低温度下的摩擦系数明显比不含Cr合金的低,其在较高温度(600℃)时的摩擦系数也仍然能够保持与不含Cr合金相当的低值。在合金中加入Fe和Co仅起固溶强化作用而不影响生成的硫化物的类型。Co的加入及其添加量的增大,减小了合金在高温下的磨损。合金含C量的增大,使合金中生成的碳化物增多,也减小了合金的磨损。本文根据试验比较选择报道的Ni-Mo-10Fe-10Cr-10Co-S-0.8C合金在20—600℃温度范围内的摩擦系数低、磨损小,并且具有一定的机械强度,是一种实用性能比较好的高温自润滑合金。     

An experimental study of cyclic deformation of extruded AZ61A magnesium alloy

Thin-walled tubular specimens were employed to study the cyclic deformation of extruded AZ61A magnesium alloy. Experiments were conducted under fully reversed strain-controlled tension-compression, torsion, and combined axial-torsion in ambient air. Mechanical twinning was found to significantly influence the inelastic deformation of the material. Cyclic hardening was observed at all the strain amplitudes under investigation. For tension-compression at strain amplitudes higher than 0.5%, the stress-strain hysteresis loop was asymmetric with a positive mean stress. This was associated with mechanical twinning in the compression phase and detwinning in the subsequent tension phase. Under cyclic torsion, the stress-strain hysteresis loops were symmetric although mechanical twinning was observed at high shear strain amplitudes. When the material was subjected to combined axial-torsion loading, the alternative occurrence of twinning and detwinning processes under axial stress resulted in asymmetric shear stress-shear strain hysteresis loops. Nonproportional hardening was not observed due to limited number of slip systems and the formation of mechanical twins. Microstructures after the stabilization of cyclic deformation were observed and the dominant mechanisms governing cyclic deformation were discussed. Existing cyclic plasticity models were discussed in light of their capabilities for modeling the observed cyclic deformation of the magnesium alloy.     

CoB/C催化硼氢化钠水解制氢的性能

使用浸渍负载-还原法及化学镀法制备了活性炭负载的CoB催化剂,研究了这些催化剂催化硼氢化钠水解制氢反应的性能。在温度为20℃,反应液为1%NaBH4+5%NaOH的条件下,浸渍负载-还原法制备的CoB/C催化剂的产氢活性为2 022mL.min-1.g-1(Co),而化学镀法制备的CoB/C催化剂的产氢活性可达2 503 mL.min-1.g-1(Co),相同条件下非负载的CoB催化剂的产氢活性仅为1 351 mL.min-1.g-1(Co)。化学镀法制备的CoB/C催化剂重复使用5次后其活性仍能保持初始活性的70%,而浸渍负载的CoB/C催化剂及非负载的CoB催化剂的活性分别降至初始活性的30%和10%,化学镀法制备的CoB/C催化剂显示出更好的催化性能。此外该催化剂在空气中放置30 d后催化活性没有明显下降,这为其存储和使用带来了便利。进一步的物理化学表征表明,非负载的CoB极易团聚,形成的二次粒子粒径在400~800 nm,而活性炭负载的CoB催化剂团聚现象则大大减弱,CoB的分散性明显好于非负载催化剂。载体的存在可进一步阻止CoB活性组分在催化反应过程中发生团聚而避免活性下降。化学镀法制备的催化剂中,载体与CoB之间有更强的相互作用而使得后者结合紧密,分散良好,不易流失,催化剂整体上具有更好的稳定性。     

应变率历史对记忆合金在高应变率拉伸下力学行为影响的实验研究

利用分离式拉伸霍布金森杆（ＳＨＳＢ）装置考察了高应变率拉伸作用下形状记忆合金的力学行为，并研究了高应变率历史对高应变率拉伸作用下力学行为的影响．研究表明，记忆合金是一种对应变率非常敏感的材料，与准静态载荷作用下应力应变关系相比，高应变率使屈服应力提高，并随着所经历的应变率水平的升高，同一高应变率下屈服强度明显增加．