Gas and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the multiresidue analysis of β-agonists in biological matrices

β-Agonists are substances used in veterinary and human medicine for the treatment of pulmonary disorders. They have found a use as growth promoters to improve meat-to-fat ratios in cattle but they are not authorized for use in the European Union. Due to their presence in trace levels (usually less than 1 μg/kg), to the diversity of the illegally used compounds and to the complexity of the biological matrices analysed, the detection of these residues requires a very sensitive and specific method of determination. This work describes the strategy of analysis we developed for five β-agonists in urine and liver. The combination of improved solid- or liquid-phase extraction methods and LC or GC-MS-MS (in the multiple reaction monitoring mode) has shown to provide a system suitable for the control of these substances. The efficiency of extraction and the sensitivity and selectivity allow this multiresidue detection down to, and below, the UK regulatory level of 0.5 μg/kg. Moreover, the use of LC removes the need for the derivatisation step (cyclic methylboronate derivatives) which is required prior to GC-MS-MS analysis.     

Purification of clenbuterol-like beta2-agonist drugs of new generation from bovine urine and hair by alpha1-acid glycoprotein affinity chromatography and determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

The control of illegal use of clenbuterol and other β₂-agonist drugs as growth promoters in the European Union countries has led to outlaw practices for synthesizing new concept molecules, showing similar biological activity but not detectable by test methods usually employed to perform the official monitoring programmes. The synthesis schemes of some β₂-agonist compounds, formally derived from clenbuterol, were found out by Italian detective authorities. These compounds were synthesised ex novo in our laboratories: then, both their molecular structures and biological activities were characterised. In this paper, we describe different strategies for purifying some β₂-agonist drugs of new concept, more hydrophobic than clenbuterol. A two-step clean up procedure, prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, was developed for the multi-residue determination of these β₂-agonists from bovine hair and urine. The purification strategy we chose was based on adsorption solid phase extraction and, subsequently, on specific molecular recognition by affinity chromatography. The affinity columns were homemade by coupling bovine α₁-acid glycoprotein, a plasmatic acceptor for basic drugs, to a chromatographic support; their effectiveness for purifying new β₂-agonists was discussed. The data about method recoveries and repeatability were also reported.     

盐酸克伦特罗的太赫兹光谱研究

应用太赫兹时域光谱技术获取了盐酸克伦特罗在0.2～2.6 THz波段的光谱特征,并计算获得了盐酸克伦特罗在室温下的折射率谱和吸收谱.分别理论计算了克伦特罗分子、盐酸克伦特罗分子和盐酸克伦特罗晶体的振动频率.根据理论计算和实验光谱的对比,对盐酸克伦特罗的THz特征吸收峰进行了分析指认.实验结果显示,基于固体仿真的方法能够...     

Trace determination of clenbuterol with an MWCNT-Nafion nanocomposite modified electrode

A method for the determination of trace clenbuterol is described. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-Nafion composite was used to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The modified electrode showed high sensitivity and good selectivity for clenbuterol detection. It offered a linear range of 1.0 × 10⁻⁹–1.0 × 10⁻⁶ mol · L⁻¹ with a detection limit of 5.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol · L⁻¹ in pH = 1.2 solution. The oxidation mechanism of clenbuterol on the electrode was also investigated. Correspondence: Xiao-Ya Hu, Department of Chemistry, Yang Zhou University, Yang Zhou, Jiang Su, P.R. China     

固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱同时测定猪肉中4种β-激动剂类药物残留量

β-激动剂(属于苯乙胺类药物,PEAs)是一类可以引起交感神经兴奋的类似肾上腺素的药物。一些β-激动剂如克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、特布它林、非诺特罗可使多种动物(牛、羊、猪、家禽等)体内的营养成分由脂肪组织向肌肉组织转移,从而显著提高胴体的瘦肉率和饲料转化率,因此常用做饲料