新型精铸热锻模具钢高温磨损性能同其显微组织的相关性

研究了经不同热处理条件下的新型精铸热锻模具钢的组织同其高温磨损性能的相关性,对比分析了新型铸钢与H13锻钢的高温磨损性能,并探讨了其磨损机理.结果表明:新型精铸热锻模具钢的高温耐磨性能明显优于锻钢H13;在马氏体、贝氏体和马贝复相3种组织中,贝氏体和马贝复相的高温耐磨性能较好,马氏体相的高温耐磨性能最差;经过400～620℃回火处理的新型精铸热锻模具钢的硬度为42～43HRC,高温耐磨性能较好;当回火温度大于650℃或小于400℃时,新型精铸热锻模具钢的磨损率明显增大,耐磨性显著降低.     

45钢柱壳膨胀断裂的应变率效应

采用前照明高速分幅照相技术拍摄到在爆轰加载下45钢柱壳表面裂纹生成、扩展及产物泄漏过程的清晰图像,较准确地测量了膨胀断裂的时间与应变。 45钢柱壳在炸药爆轰加载下,断裂应变随应变率的增加而增加,当应变率达到一定值,断裂应变随应变率的增加而降低,出现了动态断裂中的塑性峰现象。     

T形型钢混凝土柱正截面承载力的计算方法探讨

在总结了型钢混凝土(SRC)柱承载力计算一般方法的基础上,针对T形型钢混凝土柱, 结合中国现行规范,分析了此种柱的受力特点和破坏模式,提出T形型钢混凝土柱正截面极 限承载力的计算方法,并采用该方法对一T形型钢混凝土柱的承载力进行验算. 结果表明与 试验数据吻合较好,说明本文方法具有较好的精确度和适用性.     

轧辊用高钒高速钢的滚-滑动磨损性能及失效行为研究

在高应力滚-滑动(滑动率约10%)条件下,利用自制的磨损试验机研究了高钒高速钢的磨损性能,并利用电子显微镜分析了失效行为.结果表明:高钒高速钢的相对耐磨性是高铬铸铁(Cr20)的2倍以上.磨损失效形式为显微切削与疲劳剥落的复合,兼有碳化物碎裂.碳化物对磨损失效有重要作用,高铬铸铁中的杆状M7C3型碳化物易于弯曲、碎裂而在其内部形成大量裂纹,促进磨损表面产生大块的疲劳剥落;高钒高速钢中团块状VC硬度高、形态好、具有精细亚结构、不易碎裂,可有效地抵御显微切削和疲劳剥落,是高钒高速钢耐磨性优良的原因.     

不同载荷下3Cr13不锈钢涂层磨损寿命研究

在T-11摩擦磨损试验机上研究了不同载荷下高速电弧喷涂3Cr13不锈钢涂层的磨损寿命.提出载荷-涂层磨损寿命耦合的关系函数方程.通过对涂层磨损形貌观察,分析了不同载荷对磨损失效机制的影响.结果表明:当载荷较低时,涂层磨损寿命分散程度大,磨损主要失效机制为点蚀和剥落;当载荷较高时,涂层磨损寿命分散程度小,分层是引发涂层磨损失效的关键机制.     

张力对斜拉桥拉索镀锌钢绞线腐蚀行为影响

应用伏安极化法和中性盐雾腐蚀试验研究了张力作用下斜拉桥拉索镀锌钢绞线在5%NaC l溶液中腐蚀行为.腐蚀产物理化性质由XRD、TG-DTA等测试表征.结果表明,镀锌钢绞线的腐蚀电流,即腐蚀速率随试验前施加的张力增加而增大,其产生白锈的盐雾试验周期小于1,经15~22 kN张力作用后的镀锌钢绞线,产生红锈的盐雾试验周期为16,而经0、10 kN张力作用的钢绞线,产生红锈的周期则延长至23,钢绞线腐蚀产物主要是Zn5C l2(OH)8.H2O、Zn4(CO3)(OH)6.H2O和ZnO.     

预应力钢桁架结构分析中的摩擦滑移索单元

为精确模拟预应力钢桁架中连续长索在支撑点的滑动,本文创建了一种考虑摩擦力影响的新单元。被称为摩擦滑移索单元的新单元有三个节点,中间节点为支撑点。本文首先利用弹性悬链线的解析解,建立了弹性悬链线单元,并推导了单元两端点的张拉刚度。摩擦滑移索单元由两个弹性悬链线单元组合而成,根据支撑点处索的滑动方向、索力差、滑动摩擦力和滑移刚度调整两索段的原长,使支撑点两侧的索力满足给定的摩擦关系。算例验证了新单元算法的正确性和高效性,对设计的预应力钢桁架的分析,显示了张拉过程中及使用荷载作用下新单元在结构分析中的应用。新单元可直接用于常规的有限元分析,研究在工作状态或施工中存在连续长索滑移的索结构。     

Dislocation density crystalline plasticity modeling of lath martensitic microstructures in steel alloys

A three-dimensional multiple-slip dislocation density-based crystalline formulation, specialized finite-element formulations and Voronoi tessellations adapted to martensitic orientations were used to investigate large strain inelastic deformation modes and dislocation density evolution in martensitic microstructures. The formulation is based on accounting for variant morphologies and orientations, retained austenite and initial dislocation densities that are uniquely inherent to martensitic microstructures. The effects of parent austenite orientation and retained austenite were also investigated for heterogeneous fcc/bcc crystalline structures. Furthermore, the formulation was used to investigate microstructures mapped directly from SEM/EBSD images of martensitic steel alloys. The analysis indicates that variant morphology and orientations have a direct effect on dislocation density accumulation and inelastic localization in martensitic microstructures, and that lath directions, orientations and arrangements are critical characteristics of high strength martensitic deformation and behavior.     

On the cryogenic magnetic transition and martensitic transformation of the austenite phase of 7MoPLUS duplex stainless steel

The magnetic behaviour and martensitic transformation at cryogenic temperatures (down to 4 K) of the austenite phase of the duplex stainless steel (DSS), 7MoPLUS, were studied. As regards the prediction of Neel temperature, the empirical expressions for austenitic stainless steels are not applicable to the austenite phase of 7MoPLUS, although the composition of the austenite phase falls within the composition ranges within which the expressions were developed. Regarding the prediction of martensitic point Ms, the applicability of ‘old’ and recently developed expressions has been examined. The recently developed expressions, which take into account more alloying elements and their interactions, are not suitable for the austenite phase of 7MoPLUS. But for the ‘old’, simpler expressions, they seem to be valid in the sense that they all predict high stability of the austenite phase. Results obtained from 7MoPLUS were qualitatively the same as those obtained from another DSS, designated as 2205. Reasons for the applicability and inapplicability of these empirical expressions are suggested.     

Influence of modification time and high frequency ultrasound irradiation on self-assembling of alkylphosphonic acids on stainless steel: Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies

Self-assembly of alkylphosphonic acids on stainless steel was investigated under different conditions. Four different alkylphosphonic acids exhibiting alkyl chain of various size were synthesized and studied: butylphosphonic acid (C4P), octylphosphonic acid (C8P), decylphosphonic acid (C10P), and hexadecylphosphonic acid (C16P). Electrochemistry experiments were extensively carried out in order to determine electrochemical surface blocking of adsorbed layers in function of grafting time. In term of surface blocking, an 8 h modification time was optimal for all alkylphosphonic acids. Longer immersion times lead to degradation of adsorbed layers. For the first time, grafting of C16P was studied under high frequency ultrasound irradiation. Interestingly, grafting process is highly accelerated under sonication and well-covering C16P modified substrates are obtained after 1 h of immersion under ultrasound irradiation. This would allow to elaborate high-quality alkylphosphonic acids modified samples within much shorter times. Water contact angles measurements and X-ray Photoelectrons Spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed presence of adsorbed alkylphosphonic acids on stainless steel surface. A very tight link between electrochemical blocking, surface hydrophobicity and species chemical grafting was established.