Hydrates of Thiothixeneβ2HCl: Kinetics of Dehydration and Crystal Structure of the Methanol Solvate

Thiothixene2HCl forms three different hydrates on exposure to water vapour. These have been characterised by X-ray powder diffraction. The dehydration reaction of the monohydrate follows the first-order rate law with E_a = 125(22) kJ mol^-1. The dehydration of the tetrahydrate follows a complex mechanism. The crystal structure of the methanol solvate of thiothixene2HCl has been elucidated. It is monoclinic, P2₁/c, a = 18.870, b = 7.018, c = 21.913 Å, = 105.622°.     

Analysis of inclusions in aluminium by dissolution of the samples in hydrochloric/nitric acid

Summary A new method has been developed for the analysis of oxides, borides and Al₃Ti in aluminium. 20 g samples are dissolved in hydrochloric acid — nitric acid solution. The solution is filtered and the silicon in the residue is removed by means of hydrofluoric acid. The undissolved phases were identified by X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy; the composition of the particles was determined by use of emission spectrography and X-ray fluorescence and the size distribution of the inclusions by use of the Coulter Counter.An aluminium — 5 wt% titanium — 1 wt% boron alloy investigated contains 6.4 wt% TiAl₃ and 3.4 wt% TiB₂. The results obtained with the new method were in agreement with standard optical analysis of the alloy material.Five aluminium ingots investigated contain 6–10 ppm oxides as determined by neutron activation analysis. The new method gave similar, but lower oxide values. The differences in results was explained by assuming that a small portion of the oxides went into solution in the acids and that the samples analyzed by neutron activation had a surface oxide layer.The main weight fraction of the oxides was found to consist of particles larger than 5 m in spherical diameter.

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Analyse von Einschlüssen in Aluminium durch Lösen der Proben in Salz/Salpeter-Säure

Zusammenfassung Zur Analyse von Oxiden, Boriden und Al₃Ti in Aluminium wurde eine neue Methode entwickelt, bei der 20 g-Proben in einer HCl/HNO₃-Mischung aufgelöst werden. Nach Filtern der Lösung wird das Silicium im Rückstand mit Flußsäure (HF) entfernt. Die ungelösten Phasen werden mit Hilfe von Röntgenbeugung und REM identifiziert, die Partikel-zusammensetzung mit Hilfe von Emmissionsspektrographie und Röntgenfluorescenz bestimmt und die Größenverteilung der Einschlüsse mit Coulter Counter ermittelt.Für eine Al — 5% Ti — 1% B-Legierung haben wir 6.4% TiAl₃ und 3.4% TiB₂ ermittelt. Die mit Hilfe der neuen Methode gefundenen Resultate stimmten mit den Werten der optischen Standardanalyse überein.Fünf durch Neutronenaktivierung untersuchte AlGußstücke enthielten 6–10 ppm Oxide. Die neue Methode gab ähnliche aber niedrigere Oxidwerte. Die Unterschiede lassen sich durch kleine Oxidmengen erklären, die in den Säuren in Auflösung gehen; außerdem besaßen die mit Neutronenaktivierung analysierten Proben eine Oberflächenoxidschicht.Den hauptsächlichen Gewichtsanteil der gefundenen Oxide bildeten Partikel mit mehr als 5 m Durchmesser.

     

Rg—HX(Rg=He,Ne;X=F,Cl,Br)分子间势的精确量子化学从头计算研究III.He—HBr

在用非迭代的三重激发项来校正CCSD的CCSD（T）理论水平下,采用aug-cc- pVQZ基函数对He—HBr的分子间势进行了系统的研究。结果表明：He—HBr以线型结 构存在。在极限基的情况下,复合物两种线型极小点结构He—H—Br和He—Br—H势 阱深分别为28.792 cm~(-1)和35.707 cm~(-1),对应He原子到HBr分子质心的距离 R分别为0.407 nm和0.343 nm。讨论了不同的基函数和理论方法在研究此类弱束缚 态复合物的分子间势时的可靠性及其对结果的影响,同时也给出了热函数的解析形 式。     

牛血清白蛋白与金霉素结合反应的机制研究

以光谱技术与微量热技术相结合的方法研究水溶液中金霉素与牛血清白蛋白分子间结合作用的热力学性质.荧光猝灭法测得该反应的结合常数K=2.09×105L/mol,结合位点数n=1.75,微量法测得反应的焓变△rHm= -17.50 kJ/mol; 依据Forster非辐射能量转移机制,得到授体-受体间的结合距离(r1=1.67 nm, r2=1.46 nm)和能量转移效率(E1=0.41, E2=0.66). 金霉素与牛血清白蛋白分子间有较强的结合作用, 且结合力以疏水作用为主.     

Investigation of the effect of acid dopant on the physical properties of polyaniline prepared using microwave irradiation

The microwave (MW) synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) is performed using potassium iodate (KIO₃) as oxidizing agent in different concentrations of aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 8 and 93 W applied microwave power for duration of 10 min. The morphological and structural changes in synthesized MW PANI samples are investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). With decreasing pH of the reaction medium the morphology of MW PANI samples changed from slab-like with a small amount of fibrils to porous products which consist of short, rod-like structures. The FTIR spectra confirm that the microwave generated materials structurally consist of PANI, but aniline oligomer peaks are observed in the FTIR at 725 and 686 cm⁻¹ for MW PANI synthesized using 0.5 M aqueous HCl. The influence of acid dopant on the spin concentration of MW PANI synthesized at 8 and 93 W are examined.     

Development of Ciprofloxacin HCl-Based Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Using Ouzo Effect: An Experimental Optimization and Comparative Study

This study was performed to develop solid lipid nanoparticles of water soluble drug ciprofloxacin HCl using quick solvent diffusion evaporation technique (ouzo effect). A statistical central composite rotatable design was used to study the effect of independent variables. In the subsequent step, optimized SLN were further compared with nanostructured lipid carriers and nanoemulsion for particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment, drug release, and stability. Comparative study revealed that the drug encapsulation efficiencies were enhanced by adding the Capmul MCM C8 into the solid lipid nanoparticles. The in vitro drug release study of all three formulations showed rapid release for nanoemulsion while controlled release for SLN. Stability study of all the formulation proved that nanostructured lipid carrier and SLN could prevent the drug expulsion during the storage period. Results of the study suggested that the SLN and nanostructured lipid carriers produced by the principle of ouzo effect could potentially be exploited for better drug entrapment efficiency and controlled drug release of water soluble actives.     

Impedance spectroscopic study of corrosion inhibition of Al-Pure by organic Schiff base in hydrochloric acid

A new corrosion inhibitor namely o-Chloroaniline-N-benzylidene (o-CANB) has been synthesized and its inhibitive performance toward the corrosion of Al-Pure in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid has been investigated. Corrosion inhibition was studied by chemical method (weight loss) and electrochemical techniques including polarization method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The present study has shown that this inhibitor is good in acidic media and the inhibition efficiency up to >99% in 1.0 M HCl. Polarization measurement revealed that the investigated inhibitor is a mixed type with a predominant action on cathode. Impedance measurement showed that the charge transfer resistance (R_ct) increased and double layer capacitance (C_dl) decreased with an increase in the inhibitor's concentration. Obtained results about inhibition efficiency from weight loss, polarization study and EIS are in good agreement with each other. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface in the acid solution was found to obey Langmuir's adsorption isotherm.     

Carbon‐Supported Rh17S15‐Rh Electrocatalysts Applied in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Rh₁₇S₁₅‐Rh catalysts supported on acid‐treated carbon black were prepared from RhCl₃ by a facile method using sulfur source ((NH₄)₂S₂O₃) and reducing agent (NaBH₄), followed by an additional thermal treatment at 650 °C in argon. The prepared catalyst comprised an Rh₁₇S₁₅ single crystalline phase and a zero‐valent metal (Rh) phase supported on a conductive carbon. By XRD characterization, the constituent ratio of Rh₁₇S₁₅ to Rh in the electrocatalysts, ranging from 51–95 %, varied with the increase of amount of (NH₄)₂S₂O₃ or NaBH₄. Morphologies of the resulting catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique. Most of particles were found to have a distribution of agglomerates ranging in size from 10 to 50 nm. In studying the effect of the constituent phases of chalcogenide electrocatalysts on oxygen reduction reaction activity, it is paramount to understand and optimize the structure sensitivity of the reaction, which will aid in determining the optimal ratio of Rh₁₇S₁₅ to Rh of the electrocatalyst. Activity and stability of the prepared catalysts were addressed using a series of cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments in 1 M HCl electrolyte, in which the electrocatalyst of 95 % of Rh₁₇S₁₅ was found to be the most stable. The rotating disk electrode (RDE) experiment indicated the sulfide catalyst with 82 % of Rh₁₇S₁₅ showed the better performance for the ORR, which was discussed based on the compromise between the stability for the constituent phase of Rh₁₇S₁₅ in 1 M HCl and enhanced activity found for Rh phase.     

A new method for calculating activity coefficients of mixed electrolytes

In present work, a new method is developed from which activity coefficients for both electrolytes in admixture can be obtained simultaneously from the fitting of experimental activity coefficients of one of the electrolyte. The calculated results for the system HCl+KCl at 25°C are reported and discussed.     

Abtrennung von Verunreinigungen (Au, Ga, Fe, Tl) aus Tellur(IV)-L?sungen durch Extraktion

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Separation of impurities (Au, Ga, Fe, Tl) from tellurium(IV) solutions by extraction