DFT study of the water/MgO(1 0 0) interface in acidic and basic media

Periodic-DFT has been used to study the acid-base properties of MgO(1 0 0) layers interconnected with an ice filling. The insertion of HCl by substitution of one water molecule shows that all the protons are adsorbed on the surface oxygen atoms forming hydroxyl groups; the Cl⁻ ions are weakly bound to surface cations, generating a monolayer with the adsorbed water molecules. For the insertion of NaOH also by substitution of one water molecule, it is found that OH⁻ ions remain in solution close to the Na⁺ ions, forming ion pairs or chains. Depending on the number of water molecules present, the sodium ions are bi-, tri- or tetra-coordinated. Finally, some aspects concerning corrosion have been highlighted.     

Synergetic extraction of platinum(IV) from dilute hydrochloric acid by isoamyl alcohol — Methylisobutylketone mixture

A synergetic extraction system isoamyl alcohol-methylisobutylketone for the quantitative separation of platinum as a matrix component from the attending microimpurities is developed. The influence of the different factors on the extraction efficiency is studied. At optimum conditions, the platinum extraction is over 99%; Al, Ca, Mg, Mn, Ni, Cr are quantitatively retained in the aqueous phase. Cu and Pb are partially extracted but the distribution coefficients are constant, independent of the metals concentration. Investigations are made to explain the synergetic extraction mechanism. This method is recommended for the concentration of microimpurity elements in the analysis of pure platinum.     

矿化垃圾衍生燃料热解过程HCl与H_2S析出规律

采用热重红外质谱联用法(TG-FTIR-MS)和水平管式热解炉/化学吸收法,对比研究了矿化垃圾(ARDF)和常规垃圾(NRDF)衍生燃料热解过程腐蚀性气体(HCl和H_2S)的析出特性,分析了热解温度及热解类型对析出行为的影响并对热解固相产物腐蚀性元素的赋存特点进行了考察。结果表明,慢速热解过程,两者腐蚀性气体的析出特征温度区间相似,均分为两段,HCl析出区间为200-400和420-500℃,H_2S析出区间为230-370和380-670℃,而ARDF表现为较低的HCl和H_2S析出率;快速热解过程,两者腐蚀性气体的析出受热解温度影响较大,且规律有所差别:随热解温度的升高,HCl析出率呈S型变化(先高后低再高),而H_2S析出率呈正相关,均在850℃达到峰值,其中,HCl析出率分别为48.8%(ARDF)和29.4%(NRDF),H_2S析出率分别为6.8%(ARDF)和44.6%(NRDF)。因腐蚀性气体差异性的析出规律,两类垃圾热解固相产物腐蚀性元素的赋存与热解温度相关,ARDF的Cl和S元素最高赋存率分别可达59.4%(450℃)和84.3%(750℃),而NRDF的Cl和S元素最高赋存率分别仅为36.7%(850℃)和15.2%(650℃)。说明在合适的热解条件下,相比NRDF,ARDF腐蚀性元素不易释放,倾向于固相赋存,此为不同垃圾衍生燃料的热利用提供了一定依据和参考。     

HCl/NH_3敏感的卟啉-二氧化硅反蛋白石光子晶体荧光传感器

将反蛋白石结构的光子晶体引入到腐蚀性气体检测体系,制备得到卟啉-二氧化硅反蛋白石光子晶体(TPP-SiO_2IOPCs)荧光传感器。相对于空白样,TPP-SiO_2IOPCs传感器实现了氯化氢(HCl)气体检测信号200倍的增强,这主要归因于反蛋白石型光子晶体的大孔结构和慢光子效应。同时,TPP-SiO_2IOPCs传感器对于HCl气体的猝灭效率可达75%,比空白样的提高了25%,而且经HCl气体处理后的传感器通入氨气(NH_3)后,初始的荧光强度几乎完全恢复。在HCl和NH_3条件下进行5个循环后,TPP-SiO_2IOPCs传感器表现出良好的可重复使用性。该研究对于发展高效的荧光传感器提供了新的思路。     

All mixing coefficients and consistency test calculations for binary mixed electrolytes

Two new methods are reported from which the mixing activity coefficients of both electrolytes in a binary mixture can be computed simultaneously from fitting the activity coefficients of one of the electrolytes only and without using the derivatives of the parameters. Furthermore, variations caused by changing the fractional ionic strengths at fixed total ionic strength entails no assumptions about the ionic strength dependence of the mixing coefficients. The methods are shown to be superior to other methods. The results for the system HCl+KCl at 25°C are discussed.     

Effect of pressure on the conductivities of HCl and KCl in water at 0°C

The electrical conductivities of hydrochloric acid and potassium chloride in water have been measured in the concentration range of 3×10 ^–4 –10 ^–3 moles-dm ^–3 at 0°C up to 3500 bar. The limiting molar conductance (₀) for HCl increases with increasing pressure, while ₀(KCl) has a maximum around 1700 bar. The excess conductance of hydrogen ion [ ₀ ^E =₀(HCl)–₀(KCl)] increases with increasing pressure. Its pressure dependence indicates that the reorientation of water molecules, which is the rate-determining step in the proton jump, becomes faster at higher pressure. This anomaly is attributed to the distortion with pressure of the hydrogen bonds in water.     

Adsorption and controlled release of Chlortetracycline HCl by using multifunctional polymeric hydrogels

Adsorption and controlled release of Chlortetracycline HCl to and from multifunctional polymeric materials (HEMA/MAA) hydrogels were investigated. P(HEMA/MAA) hydrogels were synthesized by gamma radiation-induced copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) in aqueous solution. The influence of copolymer composition and pH value of the surrounding medium on the type of water diffusion into the glassy polymer were discussed. Drug, Chlortetracycline HCl containing hydrogels, with different drug concentration to polymer ratios, was loaded by direct adsorption method. The influence of MAA content in the gel on the adsorption capacities of hydrogel was studied. Chlortetracycline HCl adsorption capacity of hydrogels was found to increase from 8 to 138 mg Chlortetracycline HCl per gram dry gel with increasing amount of MAA in the gel system and drug concentration. The effect of pH on the releasing behavior of Chlortetracycline HCl from gel matrix was investigated. In vitro drug release studies in different buffer solutions show that the basic parameters affecting the drug release behavior of hydrogel are the pH of the solution and MAA content of hydrogel.     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(benzobisthiazole)s derived from halogenated phthalic acid and isophthalic acid

Poly(benzobisthiazole)s containing tetrafluorophenyl and bromophenyl moieties were synthesized via the polycondensation of 2,5‐diamino‐1,4‐benzenedithiol dihydrochloride with tetrafluorophthalic acid and 4‐bromoisophthalic acid under a nitrogen atmosphere. The polymers were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, spectroscopy (infrared and solid‐state ¹³C NMR), and thermal analysis, including differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability of the polymers was 490–515 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The synthesized polymers showed good solubility in organic solvents. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3959–3966, 2002     

用新型水溶性偶氮引发剂引发二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的聚合反应

偶氮双脒式丙烷二盐酸盐在水介质中引发的二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵聚合，其引发速率较用过硫酸铵引发的快，转化率，分子量也较高。对反应助剂Ｎａ４ＥＤＴＡ和水介质的ＰＨ值对两引发体系的影响进行了研究。计算出在绝热聚合条件下三种引发体系的活化能。     

Determination of activity coefficients using a flow EMF method. 1. HCl in methanol-water mixtures at 25, 35 and 45°C

A method to determine activity coefficients of electrolytes in mixed solvent is described which makes use of ion-selective electrode(s) (ISE) and in which a concentrated electrolyte solution is continuously added. Activity coefficients for HCl in methanol-water mixtures containing 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, and 90 weight percent methanol at 25, 35 and 45°C were calculated using the Pitzer equation, and the electromotive force (emf) data of the cell: The experimental results agree well with literature values indicating that the proposed method is procise and reliable.