石灰对HCl气体净化效率的温度特性

试验研究在典型烟气净化温度200℃下和焚烧炉过热器进口处烟气温度600℃左右石灰吸收剂对HCl气体的净化效率,结果表明在600℃下由于石灰可以分解生成新的反应面,对HCl气体的净化效率在不同烟气组分下都比200℃所对应的效率高,并且在200℃下已经失去反应能力的石灰,加入到600℃环境下仍具有相当的反应能力。对比普通石灰,改性石灰适合用于在高温下、CO2浓度较高的烟气流中用作HCl等酸性气体的吸收剂。     

通过盐酸刻蚀和生长作用来选择性合成不同尺寸大小的金纳米团簇

Controllable syntheses of different-sized gold nanoclusters are of great significance for their fundamental science and practical applications.In this work,we achieve the controllable and selective syntheses of Au₇ and Au₁₃ clusters through adding HCl to the traditional Au₁₁ synthetic route at different reaction time.Time-dependent mass spectra and UVVis spectra were employed to monitor these two HCl-directed processes,and revealed the distinct roles of HCl as an etchant or a growth promotor,respectively.Furthermore,parallel experiments on independent synthetic routes involving only non-chlorine H⁺(acetic acid) or Cl^-(tetraethy lammonium chloride) instead of HCl were performed,which illustrated the main role of H⁺-etching and Cl^--assisted growth in HCl-directed cluster synthetic routes.We propose the HCl-etching is mainly achieved via the H⁺ action to break the Au (I)-PPh₃ part of clusters,while the HCl-promoted growth is realized via the attachment of Au-Cl species to the pre-formed clusters.     

Reaction of C2HCl2＋O2： Combined TR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Electronic Structure

The product channels and mechanisms of the C2HC12＋O2 reaction are investigated by step-scan time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy and the G3MP2// B3LYP/6-311G（d,p） level of electronic structure calculations. Vibrationally excited products of HCI, CO, and CO2 are observed in the IR emission spectra and the product vibrational state distribution are determined which shows that HCI and CO are vibrationally excited with the nascent average vibrational energy estimated to be 59.8 and 51.8 kJ/mol respectively. In combination with the G3MP2//B3LYP/6-311G（d,p） calculations, the reaction mechanisms have been characterized and the energetically favorable reaction pathways have been suggested.     

Preparation of synthetic auxin-amino acid conjugates

Auxin amide conjugates are regulators of the most important auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which is considered responsible for many important processes within the plants. Herein, amide conjugates of IAA were synthesized employing a simple and efficient coupling method with WSCI·HCl, a water-soluble condensing reagent, in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. IAA conjugates with 10 amino acids along with their corresponding methyl esters were prepared in excellent yields, up to 95%, aiming to facilitate their identification in plant species. Eight IAA-amino acid methyl ester conjugates are characterized here for the first time.     

Novel Zn-Fe LDH/MWCNTs and Graphene/MWCNTs Nanocomposites Based Potentiometric Sensors for Benzydamine Determination in Biological Fluids and Real Water Samples

Two sensitive and selective potentiometric sensors based on zinc-iron layered double hydroxides/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Zn−Fe LDH/MWCNTs) (sensor I) and graphene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Gr/MWCNTs) (sensor II) nanocomposites were developed for benzydamine hydrochloride (Benz) determination. The investigated sensors displayed excellent Nernstian slopes 58.5±0.7 and 59.5±0.5 mV decade⁻¹, detection limits 8.3×10⁻⁷ and 1.9×10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹, long lifetimes, adequate selectivity, high chemical, and thermal stability within pH range of 2.4–8.5 for sensors І and ІІ, respectively. The surface morphology of sensors was analyzed using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The analytical method was efficiently implemented for Benz determination in biological fluids and surface water samples.     

Hybrid Nanocomposite Based Graphene Sensor for Ultrasensitive Clomipramine HCl Detection

A potentiometric sensor modified with a nanocomposite of montmorillonite sheets decorated with polyaniline nanofibers (MT-PANI-NFs) as an efficient electroactive material and tricresyl phosphate (TCP) as a solvent mediator has been developed for the estimation of clomipramine HCl (CLP.HCl). The optimum potentiometric performance of the sensor was achieved by mixing of MT-PANI-NFs : TCP : graphene with a ratio of 2.69 : 30.11 : 67.20 (% wt/wt). The sensor exhibited a Nernstian slope of 59.0±0.1 mV decade⁻¹ over the concentration range of 1.0×10⁻⁵−1.0×10⁻² mol L⁻¹ with a theoretically calculated detection limit of 5.0×10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹. The sensor performance was scrutinized in terms of several factors including thermal stability, pH effect, response time and selectivity. As, it displayed a high thermal stability at various temperature degrees (10–60 °C) with pH independency in the range of 3.5–8.5. Additionally, the developed sensor exhibited a very rapid performance for CLP.HCl detection with a fast response time of 4 s and reflecting a superior selectivity towards CLP.HCl over the other interfering species. SEM (scanning electron microscope) was used as a characteristic tool for the investigation of the proposed graphene sensor surface. Furthermore, the graphene sensor has been efficiently used for CLP.HCl estimation in its pharmaceutical formulations.     

Development and validation of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy method for determination of prilocaine HCl in human plasma using internal standard methodology

The accurate determination of prilocaine HCl levels in plasma is important in both clinical and pharmacological/toxicological studies. Prilocaine HCl is quickly hydrolyzed to o-toluidine, causing methemoglobinemia. For this, the present work describes the methodology and validation of a GC-MS assay for determination of prilocaine HCl with lidocaine HCl as internal standard in plasma. The validation parameters of linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, specificity, limit of detection and limit of quantification were studied. The range of quantification for the GC-MS was 20-250 ng/mL in plasma. Within-day and between-day precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD) were less than 6.0%, and accuracy (relative error) was better than 9.0% (n = 6). The analytical recovery of prilocaine HCl and IS from plasma has averaged 94.79 and 96.8%, respectively. LOQ and LOD values for plasma were found to be 20 and 10 ng/mL, respectively. The GC-MS method can be used for determination from plasma of prilocaine HCl in routine measurement as well as in pharmacokinetic studies for clinical use.     

Stereo‐dynamics of the F + HCl → HF + Cl reaction

We present a quasi‐classical trajectory (QCT) study on product polarization for the reaction F(²P) + HCl(v = 0, j = 0) → HF + Cl(²P) on a recently computed 1² A′ ground‐state surface reported by Deskevich et al. J Chem Phys, 2006, 124, 224303. Four polarization dependent generalized differential cross‐sections (2π/σ)(dσ₀₀/dω_t), (2π/σ)(dσ₂₀/dω_t), (2π/σ)(dσ₂₂₊/dω_t), and (2π/σ)(dσ_21?/dω_t) were calculated in the center‐of‐mass frame at four different collision energies. The obtained P(θ_r), P(?_r), and P(θ_r, ?_r), which denote respectively the distribution of angles between k and j′, the distribution of dihedral angle denoting k‐k′‐j′ correlation and the angular distribution of product rotational vectors in the form of polar plots, indicate that the degree of rotational alignment of the product HF molecule is strong and the degree of the rotational alignment decreases as collision energy increases. The product rotational angular momentum vector j′ is not only aligned, but also oriented along the y‐axis, and the molecular rotation of the product prefers an in‐plane reaction mechanism rather than the out‐of‐plane mechanism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011     

Rapid colorimetric sensing of tetracycline antibiotics with in situ growth of gold nanoparticles

A colorimetric assay utilizing the formation of gold nanoparticles was developed to detect tetracycline antibiotics in fluidic samples. Tetracycline antibiotics showed the capability of directly reducing aurate salts into atomic gold which form gold nanoparticles spontaneously under proper conditions. The resulted gold nanoparticles showed characteristic plasmon absorbance at 526 nm, which can be visualized by naked eyes or with a spectrophotometer. UV–vis absorbance of the resulted gold nanoparticles is correlated directly with the concentrations of tetracycline antibiotics in the solution, allowing for quantitative colorimetric detection of tetracycline antibiotics. Reaction conditions, such as pH, temperature, reaction time, and ionic strength were optimized. Sensitivity of the colorimetric assay can be enhanced by the addition of gold nanoparticle seeds, a LOD as low as 20 ng mL⁻¹ can be achieved with the help of seed particles. The colorimetric assay showed minimum interference from ethanol, methanol, urea, glucose, and other antibiotics such as sulfonamides, amino glycosides etc. Validity of the method was also evaluated on urine samples spiked with tetracycline antibiotics. The method provides a broad spectrum detection method for rapid and sensitive detection of reductive substances such as tetracycline antibiotics in liquid and biological samples.     

Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride and Thioridazine Hydrochloride

Abstract

Fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to the development of a sensitive and simple method for the determination of chlorpromazine HCl and thioridazine-HCl. The method is based upon development of an intense fluorescence using N-bromosuccinimide as the fluorogenic reagent. The produced fluorescence has very characteristic excitation and emission spectra and was stable for at least one hour. The results were reproducible and as little as 5 ng/ml chloropromazine HCl and 1 ng/ml thioridazine-HCl could be determined. The method was applied successfully to the analysis of various commercially available dosage forms. The obtained results were in good agreement with those of the official BP 93 procedures.