壳聚糖共价键合化学修饰电极测定亚硝酸根

用共价键合法把壳聚糖修饰在玻碳电极表面,研究了NO-2在修饰电极上的阳极溶出伏安特性.实验结果表明:修饰电极在0.1 mol/L NaNO3(pH 2.60)底液中对NO-2有良好的吸附性和选择性,其峰电流与NO-2的浓度在1.5×10-6～1.0×10-3 mol/L范围内呈较好的线性关系;检测限可达2.0×10-7 mol/L.将壳聚糖修饰电极应用于雨水、湖水中NO-2的测定,结果满意.     

交联壳聚糖树脂对部分尿毒症毒物的吸附性能研究

用反向悬浮的方法制备了戊二醛交联壳聚糖树脂吸附剂,并对制得的球形吸附剂用NaBH4进行了氢化还原处理,以提高其在使用环境下的化学稳定性。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明,吸附剂的表面形态构成了吸附的微观基础。通过对部分尿毒症毒性物质的吸附研究发现,本文研制的壳聚糖吸附剂对这些目标物均产生了一定的吸附作用,吸附平衡时间符合临床要求,其对3种小分子尿毒症毒性物质的吸附能力依肌酐、尿酸、尿素的次序递增,而对促皮质素(ACTH)的吸附量则达到了13.04mg/g,显示了该类吸附剂应用于临床治疗的潜在价值     

荧光法猝灭测定木槿叶中混合氨基酸的总量

在乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲介质中,氨基酸能猝灭壳聚糖-茚三酮体系荧光,基于此,对木槿叶中混合氨基酸进行测定,并对该方法的测定条件进行了讨论.线性范围为0.5～3.0 mmol/L,检出限为0.1 mmol/L.木槿叶干粉中游离氨基酸的质量分数为10.18%,相对标准偏差为1.3%,回收率为102.5%～94.3%.     

壳聚糖与Cd(Ⅱ),Pb(Ⅱ),Ce(Ⅲ),Zr(Ⅳ)配合物的制备及光谱分析

用壳聚糖(CTS)分别与硝酸亚铈,硝酸锆,硫酸镉和硝酸铅在酸性介质中反应,制备了壳聚糖-Ce(Ⅲ)、壳聚糖-Zr(Ⅳ)、壳聚糖-CA(Ⅱ)、壳聚糖-Pb(Ⅱ)四种壳聚糖-重金属离子配合物(用通式M-CTS表示).用红外光谱(IR)、X-ray衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等光谱分析手段对M-CTS进行了结构表征.结果表明:在壳聚糖-Cd(Ⅱ)配合物中的配位原子是壳聚糖-NH2上的N原子,而在壳聚糖-Ce(Ⅲ)、壳聚糖-Zr(Ⅳ)、壳聚糖-Pb(Ⅱ)配合物中不仅壳聚糖-NH2上的N原子参与了配位,同时OH上的O原子也参与了配位.说明不同的重金属离子与壳聚糖之间形成配位键的配位原子是不完全相同的.     

Preparation and Electrochemiluminescence of a Graphene Oxide/Selenium Nanocomposite

A novel amplification system for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was developed by combining graphene oxide (GO) and Se nanoparticles, in which the chitosan (CHIT) was used as improver. Based on a series of experiments, the influencing factors and mechanism for ECL emission were determined. Under optimal conditions, the GO/Se nanocomposite produced an intense ECL emission and maintained long-term ECL stability. Significantly, the electrode modified with GO/Se nanocomposite was used to detect the biomolecule dopamine (DA), and showed a linear range from 0.1 to 100 µM, with a detection limit of 0.025 µM.     

γ-Ray-Radiation-Scissioned Chitosan as a Gene Carrier and Its Improved in uitro Gene Transfection Performance

Chitosan (CS) is expected to be an ideal gene carrier for its high biosafety. In this work, CS with low molecular weight were prepared through the γ-ray radiation on the acetic acid solution of CS. The CS chains were scissioned under the γ-ray radiation, and the molecular weight (MW) of CS decreased with the absorbed dose. When the absorbed dose was above 30 kGy, the molecular weight of CS decreased about an order of magnitude. The γ-ray-radiation-scissioned CS can e ectively bind with plasmid (pEGFP) through complex coacervation method, forming pEGFP/ γ-ray-radiation-scissioned CS complex particles with a size of 200-300 nm. The complex particles have good stability and little cytotoxicity. The in uitro gene transfection efficiencies of the pEGFP/ γ-ray-radiation-scissioned CS complex particles were investigated by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry. The results showed that the gene vectors using γ-ray-radiation-scissioned CS as the carrier will possess better gene transfection efficiency than those using natural high-MW CS as the carrier. The higher the absorbed dose, the smaller the MW of CS and the better transfection efficiency of the corresponding gene vector. This work provides a green and simple method on the preparation of CS-based gene vectors with high efficiency and biosafety.     

壳聚糖富集FAAS法测定水中痕量Cu（Ⅱ）

了以壳聚糖作富集柱，稀H2SO4为洗脱剂，稀NaOH为再生剂，火焰原子吸收光谱法简便，快速分离集测定水中痕量Cu(Ⅱ）的方法，于波长325nm处测定，检出限为为20ng.ml^0-1，线性范围为10－20μg.ml^-1。     

Effect of chitosan and thiolated chitosan coating on the inhibition behaviour of PIBCA nanoparticles against intestinal metallopeptidases

Surface modified nanoparticles composed of poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) (PIBCA) cores surrounded by a chitosan and thiolated chitosan gel layer were prepared and characterized in previous works. The presence of such biopolymers on the nanoparticle surface conferred those nanosystems interesting characteristics that might partially overcome the gastrointestinal enzymatic barrier, improving the oral administration of pharmacologically active peptides. In the present work, the antiprotease behaviour of this family of core–shell nanoparticles was in vitro tested against two model metallopeptidases present in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT): Carboxypeptidase A -CP A- (luminal protease) and Leucine Aminopeptidase M -LAP M- (membrane protease). As previous step, the zinc-binding capacity of these nanoparticles was evaluated. Interestingly, an improvement of both the zinc-binding capacity and the antiprotease effect of chitosan was observed when the biopolymers (chitosan and thiolated chitosan) were used as coating component of the core–shell nanoparticles, in comparison with their behaviour in solution, thanks to the different biopolymer chains rearrangement. The presence of amino, hydroxyl and thiol groups on the nanoparticle surface promoted zinc binding and hence the inhibition of the metallopeptidases analysed. On the contrary, the occurrence of a cross-linked structure in the gel layer surrounding the PIBCA cores of thiolated formulations, due to the formation of interchain and intrachain disulphide bonds, partially limited the inhibition of the proteases. The low accessibility of cations to the active groups of the cross-linked polymeric shell was postulated as a possible explanation of this behaviour. Results obtained in this work make this family of surface-modified nanocarriers promising candidates for the successfull administration of pharmacologically active peptides and proteins by the oral route.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Albumin Conjugates as pH-Sensitive Biodegradable Hydrogels

A new kind of biodegradable pH-sensitive drug delivery system was developed via chitosan-albumin conjugate hydrogel. Through changing the feeding modes of reactants, two types of hydrogels(comb-type and reticular-type) were synthesized by amidation reactions between 6-O-succinoylated N-phthaloyl chitosan and albumin. The structures and morphologies of the hydrogels were characterized by SEM. And their water swelling capacity, drug loading and releasing properties at different pH values were also investigate...     

Verification of model for adsorption and reduction of chromium(VI) by Escherichia coli 33456 using chitosan bead as a supporting medium

A non-steady-state mathematical model system for the kinetics of adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI) by Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm on chitosan bead (EBCB) process was derived. The mechanisms in the model system included Cr(VI) adsorption by chitosan beads, Cr(VI) bioreduction by E. coli cells and Cr(VI) mass transport diffusion. Batch kinetic tests were performed to determine surface diffusivity of Cr(VI), adsorption parameters for Cr(VI) and biokinetic parameters of E. coli 33456. Experiments were conducted using an EBCB reactor system with high recycled rate to approximate a completely-mixed flow reactor for model verification. The experimental results indicated that E. coli biofilm bioregenerated the chitosan beads after E. coli biofilm has grown significantly. Cr(VI) reducing efficiency by E. coli was about 84% when Cr(VI) concentration in the influent was 5 mg/L at a steady-state condition. The concentration of suspended E. coli cells reached up to 10 mg/L while the thickness of attached E. coli cells was estimated to be 150 μm at a steady-state condition by model prediction. The comparisons of experimental data and model simulation show that EBCB model system for Cr(VI) adsorption and reduction can predict the experimental results well.