甲壳素的酰基化及其在生物材料上的应用

介绍了甲壳素及其衍生物的酰基化反应、产物的制备方法、酰化产物的性能及其用于生物医用材料上的最新进展。甲壳素及其衍生物的酰基化改性是一种很有价值的化学改性途径，不仅可改善酰化产物在有机溶剂中的溶解性或水溶性，，而且产物作为生物材料具有许多独特的用途。     

Advancement of chitin and chitosan as promising biomaterials

Biopolymers like cellulose, polysaccharides, chitosan, starch, chitin, and alginates have sparked an increasing curiosity in creating natural replacements for synthetic polymers during the last several decades. Chitin is a major part of fungi’s cell walls, the crustaceans’ exoskeletons, like lobsters, crabs, and shrimps, cephalopod beaks, the radulae of mollusks, and fish and lissamphibians scales. Since the late 1970 s, biopolymer chitosan has gathered interest in basic science and applied research due to its incredible macromolecular framework, physicochemical properties, and biological activities, which differ from those of synthetic polymers. Chitin and derivatives thereof have practical usages in chemistry, the agriculture sector, medicine, cosmetics, as well as textile and paper industries. Chitosan has also received a lot of recent interest in the fields of dentistry, ophthalmology, veterinary science, biomedicine, the drink industry, hygiene and personal care, catalysis, chromatography, sewage treatment, and biotechnology. Numerous fundamental investigations have been conducted on chitin and chitosan. This article presents a short compact summary of research over the last two decades in an attempt to highlight the works on chitin and chitosan applications.     

Unlocking the Potential of Bio-Based Nitrogen-Rich Furanic Platforms as Biomass Synthons

The demand for new biomass-derived fine and commodity chemicals propels the discovery of new methodologies and synthons. Whereas furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural are cornerstones of sustainable chemistry, 3-acetamido-5-acetyl furan (3A5AF), an N-rich furan obtained from chitin biomass, remains unexplored, due to the poor reactivity of the acetyl group relative to previous furanic aldehydes. Here we developed a reactive 3-acetamido-5-furfuryl aldehyde (3A5F) and demonstrated the utility of this synthon as a source of bio-derived nitrogen-rich heteroaromatics, carbocycles, and as a bioconjugation reagent.     

De-sulfation of cellulose nanowhiskers and its effects on the dispersion behavior of graphene

The role of negative charges on cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) in the aqueous dispersion behaviors of graphene has been investigated. The sulfate groups were partially removed from the CNWs with sodium hydroxide solution. Both CNWs and desulfated cellulose nanowhiskers (D-CNWs) were applied in the aqueous dispersion process of graphene. The dispersing result was evaluated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra. It revealed the dispersing ability of D-CNWs became worse due to the removal of sulfate groups. It demonstrated the negative charged sulfate groups on CNWs played an important role in the graphene dispersing process.     

甲壳素溶致液晶的研究

报道了甲壳素有溶致液晶性．对四种不同分子量的甲壳素的研究结果表明,分子量增大,临界浓度显著降低,胆甾相平均螺距减少,但液晶有序微区平均尺寸却增加．甲壳素分子量为２８４×１０６、１４７×１０６、９４×１０５和５３×１０５时,在二氯乙酸中的临界浓度（Ｗ／Ｗ）分别为０００５、００１５、００３５和００５０．根据理论分析,甲壳素可视为刚性链,与多肽相似．甲壳素的指纹状织构不同于其他溶致液晶体系,在各种分子量甲壳素的两相共存浓度区内,液晶有序存在于内含指纹的不规则微区内,而不是滴状微区内．     

甲壳素碱介质非均相脱乙酰动力学研究

近年来,从甲壳素(聚[(1,4)-2-乙酰胺基-2-脱氧-β-D-葡萄糖])制备壳聚糖的研究和生产以及对其理论和应用的探索,越来越广泛和深入。甲壳素脱乙酰基转变成壳聚糖,由于反应条件不同,所得产品不仅结构性能不同,而且影响其深加工产品的质量.因此,对甲壳素脱乙酰基反应的研究引起国内外学者的重视.Sannan等曾报道甲壳素在碱介质中均相脱乙酰动力学的研究,但对非均相条件下脱乙酰动力学的研究,国内外至今尚未见报道.目     

Chitin/polyurethane networks and blends: Evaluation of biological application

Aiming at the combination of the biological properties of chitin and the mechanical and thermal characteristics of polyurethane, the two polymers were combined in two macromolecular configurations. In the first, the polymers were mixed forming blends and in the second tridimensional networks were built. The potential application of the two systems as biomedical materials was studied, showing that both blends and networks presented high stability with low mass loss in media simulating living tissue. No toxic products were released and the adhesion to Vero cells was low. These preliminary results in vitro indicated that the materials are potentially biocompatible, with potential bio medical applications.     

甲壳素和壳聚糖在伤口敷料中的应用

天然高分子甲壳素和壳聚糖以其良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性、无毒、止血、止痛、抗菌、促进伤口愈合并减少疤痕等优点,在伤口敷料方面的研究正在引起人们的重视。本文对甲壳素和壳聚糖适于作为伤口敷料的优异性能从机理上进行了讨论,并介绍了通过甲壳素、壳聚糖及其衍生物制备性能优异的伤口敷料的研究进展。     

Self-assembled chitin nanofibers and applications

Self-assembled natural biomaterials offer a variety of ready-made nanostructures available for basic science research and technological applications. Most natural structural materials are made of self-assembled nanofibers with diameters in the nanometer range. Among these materials, chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose and is part of the exoskeleton or arthropods and mollusk shells. Chitin has several desirable properties as a biomaterial including mechanical strength, chemical and thermal stability, and biocompatibility. However, chitin insolubility in most organic solvents has somewhat limited its use. In this research highlight, we describe recent developments in producing biogenic chitin nanofibers using self-assembly from a solution of squid pen β-chitin in hexafluoroisopropanol. With this solution based assembly, we have demonstrated chitin-silk composite self-assembly, chitin nanofiber fabrication across length-scales, and manufacturing of chitin nanofiber substrates for tissue engineering.