手性磷酰胺类配体不对称催化串联反应合成手性3-取代苯酞化合物

以反式-1,2-二苯基乙二胺为原料合成了一系列磷酰胺类配体, 考察了该类配体在催化1,2-加成/内酯化串联反应合成手性3-取代苯酞化合物过程中的催化活性. 在最优条件下, 即在配体7d摩尔分数为20%时, 可以获得高达90%的收率及大于80% e.e.值的3-取代苯酞化合物; 该配体合成简单, 虽然作为催化剂使用量较大但较易回收再利用. 对反应机理进行了推测, 认为反应过程中形成的环状过渡态有助于提高反应的对映选择性.     

Ultra-broad band and dual-band highly efficient polarization conversion based on the three-layered chiral structure

In the paper, a novel three-layered chiral structure is proposed and investigated, which consists of a split-ring resonator sandwiched between two layers of sub-wavelength gratings. This designed structure can achieve simultaneously asymmetric transmission with an extremely broad bandwidth and high amplitude as well as multi-band 90° polarization rotator with very low dispersion. Numerical simulations adopted two kinds of softwares with different algorithms demonstrate that asymmetric parameter can reach a maximum of 0.99 and over than 0.8 from 4.6 to 16.8 GHz, which exhibit magnitude and bandwidth improvement over previous chiral metamaterials in microwave bands (S, C, X and Ku bands). Specifically, the reason of high amplitude is analyzed in detail based on the Fabry-perot like resonance. Subsequently, the highly efficient polarization conversion with very low dispersion between two orthogonal linearly polarized waves is also analyzed by the optical activity and ellipticity. Finally, the electric fields are also investigated and further demonstrate the correctness of the simulated and calculated results.     

Screw split ring resonator as building block of three-dimensional chiral metamaterials

We proposed and numerically investigated the influence of spatial topology on the infrared frequency region response of chiral metamaterials based on discrete deformed split ring resonators. Compared with the well studied continuous helix, the proposed metamaterials with discrete topology exhibit broad band chiral electromagnetic response. It is shown that the conversion between left and right circular polarization waves for our model is much broader than the continuous helix model. The observed cross-coupling between electric and magnetic fields results from the chiral electric currents on the resonators due to the broken mirror symmetry. The findings are useful for the design of future real three-dimensional chiral metamaterials with tunable optical response.     

Regioselective Endocyclic Oxidation of Enantiopure 3‐Alkylpiperidines: Synthesis of (3S,5S)‐(‐)‐3‐Ethyl‐5‐Methylpiperidine

An efficient regioselective endocyclic oxidation of enantiopure 3‐alkylpiperidines 1(a–c) with bromine in acetic acid to generate the corresponding 5‐alkylpiperidin‐2‐ones 3(a–c) as main product is described. In addition, starting from 3a or 3b, the synthesis of (3S,5S)‐(‐)‐3‐ethyl‐5‐methylpiperidine 6 · HCl was achieved. Finally, the X‐ray single‐crystal analysis of compound 4 is reported.     

Synthesis of Optically Active 1,4-Dioxane Nucleotide Analogs

Optically active nucleotide analogs were prepared that were composed of a 1,4-dioxane ring as the sugar analog to which either uracil or adenine attached together with two carboxylic ester groups, to be used as vehicles for formation of oligomers. The chiral 1,4-dioxane moiety was constructed from dimethyl L-tartrate via the corresponding (2R,3R)-dimethyl 2-O-allyl-tartrate.     

Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)‐2‐Methylalkanoic Acids: A Convenient Approach to α‐Substituted Chiral Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Abstract

Racemization‐free deacylation of N‐acylimidazolidine‐2‐ones using lithium hydroperoxide affords the corresponding α‐substituted chiral carboxylic acids in high yield while permitting recovery of the chiral auxiliary.     

Practical and Economical Approach to Synthesize Sitagliptin

Economic syntheses of sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate, acknowledged as the first dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, have been achieved in an overall yield of 42.4% in four steps from 1-{3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl}-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butane-1,3-dione. The key stereoselective reduction of this process was carried out by NaBH₄/HCOOH instead of expensive and toxic catalysts or ligands.

[Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]     

2-Pyridylsulfinamides as effective catalysts in the asymmetric alkylation of aldehydes with diethylzinc

Chiral 2-pyridylsulfinamides were shown to be effective catalysts in the alkylation of aryl and alkyl aldehydes with diethylzinc providing the corresponding alcohols in excellent enantioselectivity. Sulfinamide catalysts possessing solitary chirality at the sulfur center produced the product phenethyl alcohol in good enantioselectivity. Diastereomeric sulfinamides possessing chirality at the carbon-bearing nitrogen and at the sulfur of the sulfinamide increased the enantioselectivity of the product alcohols up to >99%. However, there is no effect of the match-mismatch pair of sulfinamide diastereomers on the outcome of the chiral induction of the product phenethyl alcohols. It was conclusively proved that chirality at the sulfur center is mandatory for obtaining good enantioselectivity in the reaction.     

Enantioselective sensing of lactate by pyridinium-based chiral receptor

A simple pyridinium-based chiral receptor 1 containing l-valine as the chiral source has been designed and synthesized. The receptor 1 fluorometrically recognizes d-lactate over l-lactate in CH₃CN with an enantiomeric fluorescence ratio (ef) of 5.32.     

Use of chiral amino acid ester‐based ionic liquids as chiral selectors in CE

In this study, the applicability of a chiral ionic liquid (CIL) as the sole chiral selector in CE was investigated for the first time. In particular, five amino acid ester‐based CILs were synthesized and used as additives in the BGE in order to evaluate their chiral recognition ability. The performance of these CILs as the sole chiral selectors was evaluated by using 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2‐diylhydrogenphosphate (BNP) as the analyte and by comparing the resolution values. Different parameters were examined, such as the alkyl group bulkiness and the configuration of the cation, the anion type of the CIL and its concentration, and the pH of the BGE, in order to optimize the separation of the enantiomers and to demonstrate the effect that each parameter has on the chiral‐recognition ability of the CIL. Baseline separation of BNP within 13 min was achieved by using a BGE of 100 mM Tris/10 mM sodium tetraboratedecahydrate (pH 8) and a chiral selector of 60 mM l ‐alanine tert butyl ester lactate. The run‐to‐run and batch‐to‐batch reproducibilities were also evaluated by computing the %RSD values of the EOF and the two enantiomer peaks. In both cases, very good reproducibilities were observed, since all %RSD values were below 1%.