激光切割脆性材料的温度场模拟

激光切割脆性材料是一个复杂的光致热过程。在综合考虑材料的热物性参数、初始条件及边界条件的情况下,运用Ansys软件建立了激光切割脆性材料温度场的三维有限元模型。采用APDL语言实现了对热流密度的高斯分布和强制对流换热及移动激光热源的模拟。通过设置不同的激光切割参数,对温度场的变化进行了模拟分析。所建立的温度场模拟系统可以对实际激光切割脆性材料的热过程进行前期预测,并能对激光切割参数的选择进行一定的优化,以减少实际切割的盲目性。     

无内热激光器运转对抽运光光强的需求条件研究

研究了无内热激光器和激光放大器运转时对抽运光的需求条件.运用激光器的速率方程理论,给出了抽运光所应满足条件的表达式.无内热激光运转时,不仅要求抽运光光强要大于阈值条件,而且要大于某个最小抽运光强(与增益材料性质、抽运光波长、激光波长等有关).以掺镱的KY(WO4)2晶体为无内热激光器的放大介质,计算了抽运光光强应满足的空间分布条件.要使激光器无内热运转,抽运光光强需随激光光强的增大而相应减小.对于无内热激光器,抽运光光强的空间分布与谐振腔前后镜的反射率和增益介质长度密切相关,在谐振腔输出耦合镜反射率不是太低的情况下,腔内抽运光强需近似为均匀分布.     

近红外光谱定量分析的新方法:半监督最小二乘支持向量回归机

在近红外光谱定量分析中,样品化学值测定的准确度是运用数学模型进行定量分析精确度的理论极限。但能够准确获取化学值的样品数量比较少,许多模型在建模时只考虑这部分样品数据,而不考虑大量的无化学值的样品数据。针对该问题,本文在LS-SVR的基础上,提出了可以同时利用有化学值(标签)和无化学值样品数据的半监督LS-SVR(S2LS-SVR)模型。类似于LS-SVR,该模型也只需求解一个线性方程组。最后,以烤烟样品数据集为实验材料,建立了四种样品成分(总糖、还原糖、总氮和烟碱)的定量分析模型。四种样品成分的预测值与实际值的平均误差分别为6.62%,7.56%,6.11%和8.20%,相关系数分别为0.974 1,0.973 3,0.923 0和0.948 6。经分析比较发现S2LS-SVR模型优于PLS和LS-SVR,从而验证了S2LS-SVR模型的可行性和有效性。     

tBid蛋白引发磷脂膜透化过程的研究

Bid蛋白是仅有BH3结构域的Bcl-2家族蛋白,在溶酶体膜透化以及线粒体外膜透化引发的细胞凋亡过程中起着非常重要的调控作用,但是Bid蛋白与生物膜之间的相互作用导致脂膜透化的确切机制尚不十分清楚.本文利用激光扫描共聚焦显微成像技术及基于氧化石墨烯表面诱导荧光衰逝的单分子荧光技术,分别从单囊泡及单分子水平对tBid蛋白与磷脂膜之间的相互作用进行了系统的研究.结果表明,tBid蛋白在膜上聚集后可引起脂膜的透化,且脂膜透化的发生源于聚集体中一些tBid蛋白更深入地插入了脂膜中.     

可见-近红外高光谱成像结合化学计量学分辨人面部信息

人的面部信息与指纹和虹膜一样可以用于人的身份鉴别,并且相比之下更容易实现远距离的分辨和识别。利用高光谱成像技术可以应用到人脸识别领域并获取丰富的信息和庞大的成像数据量,需要采用化学计量学方法才能充分提取其中包含的有效信息,并为计算机识别奠定基础。研究了可见-近红外高光谱成像技术对人的面部信息进行分析的可行性。结果表明,多元曲线分辨-交替最小二乘方法不同于主成分分析,能够通过主成分纯光谱和相对浓度等具有具体物理化学意义的数据表征人的面部信息,而且可以方便地根据成像数据的特点施加运算中的约束。另外,采用偏最小二乘判别分析的方法实现了对不同肤色的皮肤信号光谱进行分类。白种人和黄种人的面部高光谱信息特征相似,分类难度高于深色皮肤人种。     

高纯氧化钇中镧、铈、钐、铝、铅和铜的电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定

本文以纯Y_2O_3中杂质元素的ICP-AES测定为例,研究用数值微分技术解决光谱干扰同题。结果表明,导数光谱法不仅可以有效地消除来自基体的光谱干扰,还能减小谱线干扰对检测能力的影响。当分析物浓度较低时,导数光谱法的加入回收率明显优于离峰分析法,多数情况下也优于在峰法校正光谱干扰时的回收率。     

Application of magneto-optical method for real-time visualization of eddy currents with high spatial resolution for nondestructive testing

In this paper we describe a new, laser supported, eddy current microscope for the real-time visualization of eddy current distributions. In the experimental set-up, the induction of eddy currents is conventionally performed by an alternating current excitation coil above the object surface. The magnetic field induced by the eddy currents is detected by the use of the Faraday effect. For that purpose, a laser beam is passed through a suitable thin crystal integrated in the excitation coil. The polarization direction of the laser beam is rotated in this thin crystal depending on the local magnetic field. The area distribution of the rotation angle is transformed into a grey value picture using an optical set-up, which comprises a conventional microscope, a lighting technique, an analyzator, and a CCD sensor. By choosing a suitable optic, a real-time measurement of the magnetic field with a high spatial resolution can be carried out. In this paper, the basic physics and the design of the new microscope are described. The initial results of experimental investigations concerning the resolution power of magneto-optic eddy current sensors are presented and compared with conventional eddy current sensors.     

Spectral determinant on graphs with generalized boundary conditions

The spectral determinant of the Schr?dinger operator ( - Δ + V(x)) on a graph is computed for general boundary conditions. (Δ is the Laplacian and V(x) is some potential defined on the graph). Applications to restricted random walks on graphs are discussed. Received 9 July 2001     

Mössbauer study of the vibrational anisotropy and of the light-induced population of metastable states in single-crystalline guanidinium nitroprusside

M?ssbauer studies were performed on single crystals of guanidinium nitroprusside with different orientations of their principal crystallographic axes (a, b, c) with respect to the incident radiation. The markedly anisotropic Lamb-M?ssbauer factor f _LM , i.e. f _LM ^(a) = 0.118(8), f _LM ^(b) = 0.174(8), f _LM ^(c) = 0.202(8) is in contrast to that of nitroprussides with inorganic anions. The observed anisotropy is ascribed to the anisotropic vibrational mean-square displacement of the nitroprusside anions as a whole which is due to the specific packing of both, anions and cations, as well as the very weak chemical bonding between the ions, typical only for guanidinium nitroprusside. The vibrational anisotropy of iron atoms in barium nitroprusside that has been observed by X-ray structural investigations has a different origin and therefore does not result in an anisotropic Lamb-M?ssbauer factor. We have also investigated metastable states in guanidinium nitroprusside that have been populated by means of incoherent irradiation from light-emitting diodes. With a specific orientation of the guanidinium nitroprusside single crystal a population of the metastable states up to 26% could be achieved. Populations of comparable size on lithium, sodium and potassium nitroprussides have only been reached using coherent laser irradiation. Received 15 December 1998 and Received in final form 3 March 1999     

Anomalous thermal denaturing of proteins adsorbed to nanoparticles

We have used localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) to monitor the structural changes that accompany thermal denaturing of bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorbed onto gold nanospheres of size 5nm-60nm. The effect of the protein on the LSPR was monitored by visible extinction spectroscopy. The position of the resonance is affected by the conformation of the adsorbed protein layer, and as such can be used as a very sensitive probe of thermal denaturing that is specific to the adsorbed protein. The results are compared to detailed calculations and show that full calculations can lead to significant increases in knowledge where gold nanospheres are used as biosensors. Thermal denaturing on spheres with diameter > 20 nm show strong similarity to bulk calorimetric studies of BSA in solution. BSA adsorbed on nanospheres with d ⩽ 15nm shows a qualitative difference in behavior, suggesting a sensitivity of denaturing characteristics on local surface curvature. This may have important implications for other protein-nanoparticle interactions.