Preparation of organic acid anion-modified magnesium hydroxides by coprecipitation: A novel material for the uptake of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions

New layered magnesium hydroxides whose brucite layers had been bridged with malate²⁻ and tartrate²⁻ were prepared by dropwise addition of Mg(NO₃)₂ to malate and tartrate solutions at a constant pH of 10.5. Malate²⁻ and tartrate²⁻ may have been also absorbed on the surfaces of hydroxides. In the case of using citrate solution, Mg(OH)₂ absorbed with citrate³⁻ was produced. These materials were found to take up Cu²⁺ rapidly from an aqueous solution at pH 5.0. Copper uptake by precipitates is attributed to the formation of chelate complexes of Cu²⁺ with citrate³⁻, malate²⁻, and tartrate²⁻.     

Dielectric properties of lanthanum-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 synthesized by semi-wet route

Effect of La³⁺ doping at Ca²⁺ site in CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ has been examined. Compositions with x=0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 were synthesized in the system Ca_(1−3x/2)La_xCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ by semi-wet method. Powder X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of monophasic compounds. The structure remains cubic similar to CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂. Lattice parameter increases slightly with increasing La³⁺ concentration. Microstructure has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Average grain size is in the range 2-4 μm for various compositions. Energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) studies confirm the stoichiometry of the synthesized materials. Dielectric constant, dielectric loss and conductivity of the samples decrease with increasing lanthanum concentrations.     

Atomic O and H exposure of C-covered and oxidized d-metal surfaces

Carbon coverage, oxidation and reduction of Au, Pt, Pd, Rh, Cu, Ru, Ni and Co layers of 1.5 nm thickness on Mo have been characterized with ARPES and desorption spectroscopy upon exposure to thermal H and O radicals. We observe that only part of the carbon species is chemically eroded by atomic H exposure, yielding hydrocarbon desorption. Exposure to atomic O yields complete carbon erosion and CO₂ and H₂O desorption. A dramatic increase in metallic and non-metallic oxide is observed for especially Ni and Co surfaces, while for Au and Cu, the sub-surface Mo layer is much more oxidized. Although volatile oxides exist for some of the d-metals, there is no indication of d-metal erosion. Subsequent atomic H exposure reduces the clean oxides to a metallic state under desorption of H₂O. Due to its adequacy, we propose the atomic oxygen and subsequent atomic hydrogen sequence as a candidate for contamination removal in practical applications like photolithography at 13.5 nm radiation.     

改性壳聚糖树脂对利尿剂的吸附性能

用琥珀酸酐、苯甲酸酐、聚乙烯亚胺和 3 氯 2 羟丙基三甲基氯化铵对壳聚糖进行改性 ,分别在其氨基上引入羧基、苯环、多氨基和季胺基 ,并利用红外谱图对于改性后的壳聚糖的结构进行了分析 .应用相转移法制备了 4种改性壳聚糖的微球 ,实验研究了这 4种微球对 9种不同利尿剂的吸附性能 .结果表明 ,由于Lewis酸碱相互作用 ,引入羧基后的壳聚糖树脂对 3种碱性利尿剂的吸附量有了 15 %～ 36 %的提高 ,而引入多氨基的壳聚糖树脂对四种酸性利尿剂的吸附量分别提高了 4 8 5 %～ 2 0 9% ;由于苯环和利尿剂的憎水性基团的相互作用 ,引入苯环后的壳聚糖树脂对所有的利尿剂的吸附量都有所提高 ,其幅度为 15 %～ 6 1% ;因为季胺基团和羧基之间发生的离子交换作用 ,引入季胺基后的树脂对具有羧基的利尿剂吸附量有显著的提高 ,尤其对布美它尼的吸附量提高了 2倍以上 .     

抗坏血酸在聚阿魏酸修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为研究

研究了抗坏血酸(AA)在聚阿魏酸修饰电极上的电化学性质。在AA存在的条件下,电极过程由扩散控制,测得扩散系数为8.18×10-8cm2/s。AA浓度在0.01~5.0 mmol/L范围内与峰电流呈现良好的线性关系。通过计时安培法测得催化速率常数为8.6×103mol-1.L.s-1。     

肉豆蔻化学成分的GC-MS研究

用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对肉豆蔻的化学成分进行了研究。共鉴定出41种成分,占总分离成分的78.85%,其中4-甲氧基-6-(2-丙烯基)-1,3-苯并二恶茂含量最高,占总分离成分的20.72%。     

复合磁性纳米NiFe2O4的制备及光谱特性

用微乳液化学剪裁方法制备了明胶包裹的复合纳米NiFe2 O4 。将明胶和亚铁盐以及镍盐制成凝胶 ,使该凝胶状反应物在微乳液的胶束中剪裁成微粒 ,再被还原 化合 成核长大。生成的微粒处于明胶蛋白分子的包裹之中。用XRD ,TEM ,EDS ,IR等测试表明 :微粒为明胶包裹球形纳米微粒。微球的平均粒径为 10～10 0nm ,单个微粒的粒径 3 3～ 4 6nm。每个复合微球中约有 3～ 2 2个NiFe2 O4 粒子。NiFe2 O4 复合微粉的比饱和磁化强度σs=36 31× 10 3 4π(A·m- 1 ·g- 1 ) ,矫顽力Hc=6 75 0A·m- 1 ,剩磁Br=4 39× 10 3 4π(A·m- 1 ·g- 1 )。     

炮制前后朝鲜淫羊藿化学成分的变化规律研究

采用电喷雾质谱技术、等离子体发射光谱技术以及紫外分光光度法分别对炮制前后朝鲜淫羊藿的化学成分进行了详细研究;结果表明,炮制后淫羊藿中与肾功能有密切关系的Ca、Mn、Fe、Mg、Zn等微量元素的含量明显增加,但黄酮类化合物的含量无明显变化,为进一步阐明淫羊藿炮制入药的科学内涵提供了实验依据。     

隔膜式电解槽生物膜阴极降解苯酚的过程及其条件的优化

以炼油废水中的主要污染物苯酚为目标污染物, 采用不同生物膜电极反应器对苯酚进行降解, 从而寻找出降解苯酚的最佳反应途径. 研究结果表明, 运用隔膜式电解槽生物膜阴极区域对苯酚废水进行处理, 其苯酚的去除效果虽然没有在生物膜阴极与阳极相混合的混合式反应器中处理效果好, 但在18 h内苯酚浓度降解到0, 并且其化学需氧量(COD)去除率最高, 在16 h内COD去除率达到80%. 对于隔膜式电解槽生物膜阴极区域的降解条件优化后发现, 电流设定为5 mA, 初始苯酚质量浓度低于200 mg/L, 温度为35 ℃时, 苯酚降解效果最佳.     

Preparation of PbO nanocrystals via decomposition of lead oxalate

The present study reports the preparation and characterization of PbO nanocrystals obtained via a thermal decomposition route. The PbO nanocrystals were synthesized using lead oxalate powder as a precursor. Nanostructured products were investigated by means of XRD, TEM, FT-IR and XPS. The XRD results indicate that tetragonal phase β-PbO with a particle size of about 30–45 nm was obtained when the intermediate precipitate was calcined at 500 °C.