微尺度稀薄效应下颗粒沉降的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

基于多松弛格子Boltzmann模型,对竖直细长微通道内颗粒自由沉降过程进行模拟,分析气体稀薄效应、初始位置以及颗粒间相互作用对微颗粒沉降特性的影响.研究表明：随Knudsen数增大,微通道内气体稀薄效应增强,颗粒表面气体滑移速度增大,气相流体有效粘度减小,颗粒相同运动状态下受到气体阻力相应减小,颗粒沉降平衡速度明显增大;不同初始位置颗粒沉降过程存在明显差异,初始位置偏离中心线颗粒将发生水平方向位移且呈振荡趋势,最终稳定于中心线平衡位置;在微尺度双颗粒沉降DKT现象过程中,气体稀薄效应影响颗粒运动特性,后颗粒跟随过程明显增长.     

An axial flow cyclone to remove nanoparticles at low pressure conditions

In this study, the axial flow cyclone used in Tsai et al. (2004) was further tested for the collection efficiency of both solid (NaCl) and liquid (OA, oleic acid) nanoparticles. The results showed that the smallest cutoff aerodynamic diameters achieved for OA and NaCl nanoparticles were 21.7 nm (cyclone inlet pressure: 4.3 Torr, flow rate: 0.351 slpm) and 21.2 nm (5.4 Torr, 0.454 slpm), respectively. The collection efficiencies for NaCl and OA particles were close to each other for the aerodynamic diameter ranging from 25 to 180 nm indicating there was almost no solid particle bounce in the cyclone. The 3-D numerical simulation was conducted to calculate the flow field in the cyclone and the flow was found to be nearly paraboloid. Numerical simulation of the particle collection efficiency based on the paraboloid flow assumption showed that the collection efficiency was in good agreement with the experimental data with less than 15% of error. A semi-empirical equation for predicting the cutoff aerodynamic diameter at different inlet pressures and flow rates was also obtained. The semi-empirical equation is able to predict the cutoff aerodynamic diameter accurately within 9% of error. From the empirical cutoff aerodynamic diameter, a semi-empirical square root of the cutoff Stokes number, , was calculated and found to be a constant value of 0.241. This value is useful to the design of the cyclone operating in vacuum to remove nanoparticles.     

绿色建筑前期设计阶段的多目标优化及多属性决策模型

综合考虑建筑物的体型参数、围护结构参数和功能布局的影响,运用层次分析法将描述性的功能目标转化为定量值,建立绿色建筑前期设计阶段的能耗、成本和功能的多目标优化模型。针对模型变量的离散性,以邻域拓扑结构改进粒子群算法,防止陷入局部最优,得到绿色建筑方案的Pareto解集。在绿色建筑多属性决策中引入马氏距离与组合赋权方法,对最优方案进行排序决策。通过案例分析验证该模型的效果,在保证一定功能的前提下,可获得较低的能耗和成本,实现绿色建筑设计理念。     

Double differential cross sections of light charged particle production for the n+~(238)U reaction

Production of light complex particles from the n+~(238) U reaction is analyzed with the exciton model including the improved Iwamoto-Harada pickup mechanism for the preequilibrium process. It is allowed that some of the nucleons forming the complex ejectile come from levels below the Fermi energy, and the intrinsic structure of the emitted particle is taken into account. The equilibrium-state emissions are also considered by using HauserFeshbach theory with the width fluctuation correction and the evaporation model. Moreover, all cross sections,angular distributions, energy spectra and double differential cross sections of neutron, proton, deuteron, triton and alpha emissions for the n+~(238) U reaction are consistently calculated and analyzed with nuclear theoretical models in the energy range En 150 MeV. ENDF-formatted nuclear data including information about the production of light charged particles are obtained.     

初始模型对含噪动态光散射数据正则化反演结果的影响

分别采用最小模型矩阵、最平坦模型矩阵、最光滑模型矩阵作为初始化模型,对加入5种不同水平随机噪声的90 nm窄单峰、90 nm宽单峰和250 nm窄单峰、250 nm宽单峰颗粒体系的模拟分布进行了正则化反演,并对反演结果进行比较。结果表明：当噪声水平为0时,正则化初始模型的选择对反演结果没有明显影响。随着噪声水平的增加,采用三种初始化模型反演得到的峰值误差和粒度分布误差都随之变大,但采用最平坦模型和最光滑模型反演得到的峰值和粒度分布误差明显小于采用最小初始模型的反演误差。当噪声水平大于0.01时,选择最平坦初始模型获得的粒度分布结果优于采用最光滑初始模型和最小初始模型获得的结果,而采用最光滑初始模型反演得到的峰值优于最平坦初始模型和最小初始模型的反演峰值。因此,采用正则化算法处理含噪动态光散射数据时,为得到最优的粒度分布信息,宜采用最平坦初始模型,若需要获取最准确的峰值信息,则应选择最光滑初始模型。     

Letter: Axial Torsion-Dirac Spin Effect in Rotating Frame with Relativistic Factor

In the framework of spacetime with torsion and without curvature, the Dirac particle spin precession in the rotational system is studied. We write out the equivalent tetrad of the rotating frame, in the polar coordinate system, through considering the relativistic factor, and the resultant equivalent metric is a flat Minkowski one. The obtained rotation-spin coupling formula can be applied to the high speed rotating case, which is consistent with the expectation.     

武威重离子治癌装置高能束线的准直安装

武威重离子治癌装置高能线爬升段上下跨度约为18 m,由于超大超重元件的悬空安装和狭小的安装空间及通视条件不足,使得就位时磁铁的位置及角度与地面做标定时不同,给准直安装工作带来了挑战。借助于激光跟踪仪和三维控制网,通过多重坐标转换,探索了一种新的方法,消除了爬升段磁铁调节时角度带来的偏差,有效提高了准直安装的工作效率,使得最后所有的磁铁安装各向安装误差均控制在0.10 mm以内,其结果优于该装置的精度要求,为整体安装进度提前提供了有力保证。     

CFD在燃煤细粒子凝聚过程中的应用

燃煤产生的细粒子富集了大量的有毒痕量元素,对大气环境和人类健康造成严重危害。本文针对燃煤细粒子的形成过程,在计算流体力学(CFD)的基础上,结合气溶胶动力学理论,模拟了烟气中细粒子在圆柱形流场中由于碰撞而凝聚的过程,并通过计算结果分析细粒子颗粒特征参量(速度、质量、直径和颗粒数目)随流场的变化趋势,为深入研究燃煤细粒子的形成演化机理提供理论基础。     

Alpha particle detector with planar double Schottky contacts directly fabricated on semi-insulating GaN:Fe template

Alpha particle radiation detectors with planar double Schottky contacts (DSC) are directly fabricated on 5-μm-thick epitaxial semi-insulating (SI) GaN:Fe film with resistivity higher than 1×10⁸Ω·cm. Under 10 V bias, the detector exhibits a low dark current of less than 5.0×10^-11 A at room-temperature, which increases at higher temperatures. Linear behavior in the semi-log reverse current-voltage plot suggests that Poole-Frenkel emission is the dominant carrier leakage mechanism at high bias. Distinct double-peak characteristics are observed in the energy spectrum of alpha particles regardless of bias voltage. The energy resolution of the SI-GaN based detector is determined to be ～ 8.6% at the deposited energy of 1.209 MeV with a charge collection efficiency of ～ 81.7%. At a higher temperature of 90 ℃, the measured full width at half maximum (FWHM) rises to 235 keV with no shift of energy peak position, which proves that the GaN detector has potential to work stably in high temperature environment. This study provides a possible route to fabricate the low cost GaN-based alpha particle detector with reasonable performance.     

DFT study of CO adsorption on neutral and charged Pd<Subscript>n</Subscript>(n = 1–7) clusters

Density functional calculations have been performed to investigate CO adsorption on neutral, cationic and anionic Pd_n (n=1–7) clusters. From the results, it is observed that the binding of CO molecule to neutral and cationic palladium clusters takes place via 1-, 2- and 3-fold coordination. On the other hand, only terminal adsorption of CO molecule is possible in anionic clusters barring bridging adsorption in Pd₇ ^- cluster.