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141.
A new thermochemical splitting cycle of sodium chloride for chlorine and sodium hydroxide production
Zixiang Liu Hongtao Li Wei Liu Shunai Che Hongbin Lei 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1995,45(1-2):39-46
A new thermochemical closed cycle of sodium chloride for the preparation of chlorine and sodium hydroxide is presented in this paper. The optimum conditions of the main reactions in the cycle were obtained from a series of experimental results. The heat flow of the cycle system was calculated based on the related thermodynamic equations and data. The kinetic study of the heterogeneous reaction in the cycle was carried out by means of a thermogravimetric method. The result shows that the proposed cycle demonstrates an obviously energy-saving advantage over all the other methods of chlorine and sodium hydroxide productions. It may become economically competitive with the current electrolytic method in the future. 相似文献
142.
143.
Takahiro Gunji Satoshi Tanikawa Koji Arimitsu Yoshimoto Abe 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2005,43(16):3623-3630
Base‐catalyzed hydrolytic polycondensation of trialkoxymethylsilane was investigated to synthesize polymethylsilsesquioxanes (PMSs). The reaction of trimethoxy(methyl)silane and triethoxy(methyl)silane with tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, and also coline gave insoluble gels. Polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMS‐IP) was obtained by the reaction of triisopropoxy(methyl)silane (MTIPS) with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as a catalyst. PMS‐IP was composed primarily of T2 and T3 units. The percentage of T3 units and the molecular weight of PMS‐IP increased with increases in the molar ratios of catalyst and water to MTIPS and with the reaction time. PMS‐IP was soluble in organic solvents, except for methanol, and was separated by extraction with hexane and methanol into low‐ and high‐molecular‐weight fractions of Mw 2800–4000 and 7300–88,300, respectively. PMS‐IP coating films were prepared by dip coating on the organic, inorganic, and metal substrates, using the acetone–isopropyl alcohol solution of PMS‐IP. Since PMS‐IP solutions prepared with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide were hardly used because of the low content of hydroxy groups in the polymer, they showed low adhesion when compared with those solutions prepared with hydrochloric acid. The dielectric constant of the coating film prepared from the high‐molecular‐weight PMS‐IP was 2.6. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3623–3630, 2005 相似文献
144.
This study is the first to explore the possibility of utilizing CuCr LDH decorated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene oxide (GO) as sonophotocatalysts for the degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP). CuCr LDH and its nanocomposites were successfully fabricated and characterized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) both evidenced the formation of randomly oriented nanosheet structures of CuCr LDH coupled with thin and folded sheets of GO and rGO. The impact of diverse processes on the degradation efficiency of DMP in the presence of the so-prepared catalysts was compared. Benefiting from the low bandgap and high specific surface area, the as-obtained CuCr LDH/rGO represented outstanding catalytic activity (100 %) toward 15 mg L−1 of DMP within 30 min when subjected to light and ultrasonic irradiations simultaneously. Radical quenching experiments and visual spectrophotometry using an O-phenylenediamine revealed the crucial role of hydroxyl radicals compared to holes and superoxide radicals. Overall, outcomes disclosed that CuCr LDH/rGO is a stable and proper sonophotocatalyst for environmental remediation. 相似文献
145.
用共沉淀法制备油酸钾改性的Zn2+、Al 3+层状双氢氧化物(Zn/Al-LDH),以环己酮为溶剂,用溶液插层法制备了Zn/Al层状双氢氧化物-聚氯乙烯(PVC)纳米复合物。采用傅里叶红外(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)对复合材料的结构及形貌进行了表征,并用热分析仪、万能试验机和紫外分光光度计研究了复合物的热稳定性能、拉伸性能和紫外吸收性能。结果表明:Zn/Al-LDH纳米片层无序分散在PVC基体中;Zn/Al-LDH对PVC低温时的骨干脱氯化氢有促进作用;与PVC膜相比,复合膜的分解温度降低,高温碳化温度升高,复合膜的拉伸强度及断裂伸长率得到提高,在300~380nm具有一定的紫外吸收性能。 相似文献
146.
Dr. Junhong Zhao Youjuan Zhang Zhen Run Pengwei Li Qifei Guo Prof. Huan Pang 《ChemistryOpen》2015,4(3):274-277
Uniformly sized and shape-controlled nanoparticles are important due to their applications in catalysis, electrochemistry, ion exchange, molecular adsorption, and electronics. Several ferric phosphate hydroxide (Fe4(OH)3(PO4)3) microstructures were successfully prepared under hydrothermal conditions. Using controlled variations in the reaction conditions, such as reaction time, temperature, and amount of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the crystals can be grown as almost perfect hyperbranched microcrystals at 180 °C (without CTAB) or relatively monodisperse particles at 220 °C (with CTAB). The large hyperbranched structure of Fe4(OH)3(PO4)3 with a size of ∼19 μm forms with the “fractal growth rule” and shows many branches. More importantly, the magnetic properties of these materials are directly correlated to their size and micro/nanostructure morphology. Interestingly, the blocking temperature (TB) shows a dependence on size and shape, and a smaller size resulted in a lower TB. These crystals are good examples that prove that physical and chemical properties of nano/microstructured materials are related to their structures, and the precise control of the morphology of such functional materials could allow for the control of their performance. 相似文献
147.
Crystal Structure of Cesium Phenylacetylide,CsC2C6H5, Solved and Refined from Synchrotron Powder Diffraction Data
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The crystal structure of cesium phenylacetylide, CsC2C6H5, was solved and refined from synchrotron powder diffraction data (Pbca, Z = 8). Each Cs+ cation is coordinated by five ligands: four acetylide groups coordinate side‐on and one end‐on. A similar arrangement is found in the crystal structure of NaC2H (P4/nmm, Z = 2). There is a group‐subgroup relationship between both structures. Most importantly, the crystal structure of CsC2C6H5 could only be solved with the help of synchrotron data, as the very good peak:noise ratio allowed the assignment of several very weak reflections, which finally led to the correct space group, in which a structural solution was possible using direct space methods. 相似文献
148.
臭氧氧化结合湿法喷淋对玻璃窑炉烟气同时脱硫脱硝实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用臭氧氧化结合湿法喷淋对模拟玻璃窑炉烟气开展了同时脱硫脱硝实验研究.采用不同溶液(NaOH、Na2S)进行了喷淋实验.结果表明,保证溶液pH值在10以上,NaOH浓度对NOx脱除效率无影响,SO2的存在促进了NOx吸收.当O3/NO物质的量比为1.6、溶液NaOH浓度为0.5%时,NOx脱除效率可达70%,SO2脱除效率在99%以上.往喷淋液中添加Na2S,NOx脱除效率随Na2S浓度增加而提高,SO2的存在对NOx脱除效率无影响.当O3/NO物质的量比为1.2、溶液中NaOH浓度为0.5%、添加剂Na2S浓度为0.6%时,NOx脱除效率可达70%,SO2脱除效率在95%以上.60 min长时间运行实验证明,模拟烟气中的NOx经碱液和添加剂吸收后主要以NO-2的形式存在于喷淋液中,且NOx脱除效率不随溶液pH值的变化而变化. 相似文献
149.
Muhammad Asif Ayesha Aziz Anh Quang Dao Abdul Hakeem Haitao Wang Shuang Dong Guoan Zhang Fei Xiao Hongfang Liu 《Analytica chimica acta》2015
We report a facile and green method for the fabrication of new type of electrocatalysts based on MnO2 nanoparticles incorporated on MgAl LDH P-type semiconductive channel and explore its practical applications as high-performance electrode materials for electrochemical biosensor. A series of MgAl layered doubled hydroxide (LDH) nanohybrids with fixed Mg/Al (M2+/M3+ atomic ratio of 3) and varied amount of MnCl2.4H2O are fabricated by a facile co-precipitation method. This approach demonstrates the combination of distinct properties including excellent intercalation features of LDH for entrapping nanoparticles and high loading of MnO2 nanoparticles in the host layers of LDH. Among all samples, Mn5–MgAl with 0.04% loaded manganese has a good crystalline morphology. A well-dispersed MnO2 nanoparticles encapsulated into the host matrix of hydrotalcite exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H2O2 as well as excellent stability, selectivity and reproducibility due to synergistic effect of good catalytic ability of MnO2 and conductive MgAl LDH. Glass carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Mn5–MgAl possesses a wide linear range of 0.05–78 mM, lowest detection limit 5 μM (S/N = 3) and detection sensitivity of 0.9352 μAmM−1. This outstanding performance enables it to be used for real-time tracking of H2O2 secreted by live HeLa cells. This work may provide new insight in clinical diagnosis, on-site environmental analysis and point of care testing devices. 相似文献
150.