全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5900篇 |
免费 | 502篇 |
国内免费 | 1577篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5612篇 |
晶体学 | 58篇 |
力学 | 202篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
数学 | 53篇 |
物理学 | 2041篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 15篇 |
2023年 | 172篇 |
2022年 | 189篇 |
2021年 | 214篇 |
2020年 | 268篇 |
2019年 | 201篇 |
2018年 | 178篇 |
2017年 | 231篇 |
2016年 | 308篇 |
2015年 | 266篇 |
2014年 | 332篇 |
2013年 | 527篇 |
2012年 | 447篇 |
2011年 | 574篇 |
2010年 | 444篇 |
2009年 | 573篇 |
2008年 | 507篇 |
2007年 | 528篇 |
2006年 | 405篇 |
2005年 | 335篇 |
2004年 | 255篇 |
2003年 | 206篇 |
2002年 | 110篇 |
2001年 | 113篇 |
2000年 | 65篇 |
1999年 | 55篇 |
1998年 | 82篇 |
1997年 | 88篇 |
1996年 | 52篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 26篇 |
1993年 | 28篇 |
1992年 | 33篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有7979条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
71.
以ZnO纳米柱阵列为模板, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出TiO2/ZnO和N掺杂TiO2/ZnO的复合纳米管阵列. 扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis)的结果表明: 两种阵列的纳米管均为六角形结构, 直径约为100 nm, 壁厚约为20 nm; 在N-TiO2/ZnO复合纳米管阵列中, 掺入的N离子主要是以N-Ox、N-C和N-N的形式化学吸附在纳米管表面, 仅有少量的N离子以取代式掺杂的方式占据TiO2晶格O的位置; 表面N物种形成的表面态能级和取代式掺杂导致带隙的窄化, 增强了纳米管阵列的光吸收效率, 促进了光生载流子的分离. 光催化实验结果表明, N离子的掺杂有利于N-TiO2/ZnO复合纳米管阵列光催化活性的提高. 相似文献
72.
Based on carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as a solid phase extraction adsorbent, a microcolumn preconcentration method coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) was developed for the determination of trace elements (Mn, Co and Ni). The effect of various experimental parameters such as pH, sample flow rate and volume, elution solution and interfering ions on the retention of the studied ions have been investigated systematically. During all the steps of the experimental process, Mn, Co and Ni could be quantitatively sorbed on the microcolumn containing CNFs in the range of pH 6.0–9.0, and then eluted completely with 0.5 mol ml− 1 HNO3. A preconcentration factor of 150-fold was obtained. The detection limits for Mn, Co and Ni were 40, 0.4 and 8.0 pg ml− 1, respectively, with relative standard deviations less than 6.0%. In order to validate the proposed method, two certified reference materials of human hair (GBW 07601) and mussel (GBW 08571), and water sample were analyzed with satisfactory results. The recoveries were between 95.0 and 114%. 相似文献
73.
《Electroanalysis》2006,18(18):1786-1792
Electrochemical detection of quercetin has been carried out on glassy carbon electrodes modified with carbon nanotubes and Nafion (GC/Nafion‐CNT). GC/Nafion‐CNT electrodes did not show passivation effect that occurs on the unmodified electrodes and displayed better stability and reproducibility. Quercetin oxidation was most favorable in acidic conditions and current gradually decreased as the solution pH increased. No oxidation was observed when two ? OH groups in a catechol moiety were fully deprotonated. These electrodes enabled selective determination of quercetin in the presence of interfering species such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, glucose, and catechol in large excess. Quantification of quercetin in a yellow onion has been made and favorably compared with reported values. Good selectivity and high sensitivity obtained by Osteryoung sSquare‐wave voltammetry can open new possibilities of direct quercetin determination in vegetables with a minimal sample treatment. 相似文献
74.
Katsuki Kusakabe Kiyotaka IchikiJun-ichiro Hayashi Hideaki MaedaShigeharu Morooka 《Journal of membrane science》1996
Silica-polyimide microcomposite membranes were prepared on γ-alumina-coated α-alumina support tubes, and their gas permeation properties were evaluated with He, N2 and CO2. Smoothing of the substrate surface and hybridization of silica and polyamic acid were both effective to form defect-free thin composite membranes. The CO2 permeance of a membrane with a silica content of 68 wt% was one order of magnitude higher than that of a polyimide membrane having the same thickness. The permselectivity of CO2 to N2 was 30 at 30°C and 13 at 100°C. Contributions of the silica and polyimide phases to permeance of the composite membrane were analyzed with a two-phase permeation model. The effective thickness of the rate-controlling polyimide phase was less than one-tenth of the total thickness of the silica-polyimide membrane. 相似文献
75.
A new hydroformylation of alkenes using carbon dioxide as a reactant is shown to take place in the presence of ruthenium cluster complexes and halide salts. Similar or even better yields of alcohols were formed as compared to the conventional hydroformylation with CO under the same reaction conditions. The reaction proceeded in three steps: CO2 is first converted to CO; then it is used as a reagent for hydroformylation to give aldehyde; subsequently, it is hydrogenated to alcohol. ESI-mass spectrometric analyses of the reaction solutions indicated formation of four kinds of ruthenium anionic complexes including tetra-, tri-, and mononuclear species. On the basis of experimental findings, possible roles of these complexes are discussed. 相似文献
76.
77.
A novel Mitsunobu-based protocol has been developed for the synthesis of O,S-dialkyl dithiocarbonates from a variety of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols using carbon disulfide, in good to excellent yields. This protocol is mild and efficient compared to other reported methods. 相似文献
78.
79.
碳纤维微电极已被广泛应用于电化学研究和分析测定,该电极尺寸极小,在分析性能上与常规电极有显著不同,在不镀汞的情况下,用碳纤维电极直接测定金属离子几乎没有明显的伏安响应,本文提出用+2.5 V恒电位预先活化碳纤维电极,使测定灵敏度大为提高,在双电极体系和静止溶液中,采用溶出伏安法可测定10~(-9)级金属离子,以同样的方法清洗电极,测定结果重现性良好,由于分析过程中不使用汞,该电极的测定范围大大增加,特别是用于氧化还原电位较正的金属离子测试,根据循环伏安法、扫描电镜和电子能谱的研究,发现碳纤维表面状况在处理前后有很大变化,并与测定灵敏度密切相关。 相似文献
80.