碳纳米纤维吸附储氢性能分析

文中综合碳纳米纤维微观结构的表征结果以及氢吸脱附等温线的实验测量结果,对碳纳米纤维的吸附储氢性能进行了综合分析,分析发现:比表面积和中孔容积均与氢吸附量成线性关系;微孔容积对材料吸附性能影响较大,微孔容积与氢吸附量成抛物线关系;氢在常温左右以及77K下的吸附等温线呈现超临界气体的吸附特征,氢在273K和353K下的吸脱附等温线也基本重合,呈现的是物理吸附的特征。实验结果还说明:常温左右,甚至是77K下,碳纳米纤维均不适合于氢的吸附储存。     

Electrochemical impedance study of lithium-ion insertion into rice husk carbon

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to study electrochemical behaviors during Li-ion insertion into rice husk carbon. The impedance spectra consist of two depressed semicircles in the high and middle range frequency and an incline line at low frequency. The impedance spectra, obtained in the potential range 2.0 to 0.005 V were analyzed with an equivalent circuit model. Kinetic parameters such as the charge-transfer resistance and surface film resistance were evaluated and discussed. Paper presented at the International Conference on Solid State Science and Technology 2006, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia, September 4–6, 2006.     

Absolute line intensities of CO2 in the 3090-3920 cm region

Absolute line intensities of ¹³C¹⁶O₂ were retrieved from high-resolution Fourier transform spectra recorded in the region 3090-3920 cm⁻¹. The uncertainty of the line intensity determination is estimated to be between 3 and 5% for the strong lines. The global fittings of the observed line intensities within the framework of the effective operators approach have been performed, reaching the experimental accuracy. A comparison of newly measured line intensities with those found in the HITRAN database is presented.     

Carbon Sphere@Nickel sulfide core-shell nanocomposite for high performance supercapacitor application

The Carbon sphere@Nickel sulfide core-shell nanocomposites for different mole ratios of Carbon sphere (0:1; 0.5:1 and 1:1) have been synthesized by a facile low temperature water-bath method without any further calcination. XRD studies on the core-shell nanocomposites show that characteristic peaks associated with rhombohedral phase structure of nickel sulfide have been retained. TEM morphology presents the interlinked core-shell of Carbon sphere@Nickel sulfide composite with grass-leaf dexterity for better ionic diffusion. BET study confirms the formation of mesoporous structure with high surface area. The existence of elements and its electronic configuration is noted through XPS. The electrochemical studies on pristine nickel sulfide and its Carbon sphere@Nickel sulfide core-shell composites reveal that Carbon sphere@Nickel sulfide (0.5:1) exhibits high specific capacitance of 1022?F?g^?1 at a current density of 1?A?g^?1. It shows good cyclic performance even beyond 4000 consecutive charge/discharge cycles at a relatively high current density of 20?A?g^?1 with the ～83% of retention.     

The Influence of Dung Amendments on Dissolved Organic Matter in Grassland Soil Leachates - Preliminary Results from a Lysimeter Study

Abstract

Understanding the carbon (C) cycle in grassland pasture systems requires more information about the fate of decomposing dung material within the soil. In this soil lysimeter study we successfully applied the natural ¹³C abundance labelling technique to trace dung-C within a temperate grassland soil. Dung was collected from beef steers fed on either maize (a C₄ plant) or perennial ryegrass (a C₃ plant) silages, and applied to a freely draining (C₃) grassland soil. Leachates were collected from soil lysimeters (0–2.5) and (0–10 cm soil depth) to determine the organic carbon and ¹³C content of < 0.7 μm filtered solution. Leachates were taken from (i) control, no dung added, (ii) C₃ dung and (iii) C₄ dung amended soil. Results showed that, (i) the addition of dung resulted in a tenfold increase in C lost from the lysimeters in drainage waters, (ii) up to 50% of the C present in the leachates was ‘native’ soil C and (iii) the application of dung produced a ‘priming’ effect. Further work is required to verify; (i) whether increased leaching of native C following dung application is a ‘true priming’ phenomenon, or merely the result of ‘displacement’ or ‘pool substitution’ of soil C, and (ii) the precise conditions and mechanisms under which organic amendments induce a true ‘priming’ effect in grassland and other agricultural soils.     

Flexural reinforcement of concrete floor slabs by carbon fiber textiles

The effect of carbon fiber textile for flexural reinforcement to deteriorated reinforced concrete floor slab is tested in laboratory by cutting out six specimens from existing structure aged more than 70 years. The repair method between concrete and carbon fiber textile is used as experimental parameter. From the test results, deformation, bond characteristic of carbon fiber textile and the applicability of carbon fiber textiles to flexural reinforcement of floor slabs are discussed.     

银纳米粒子/碳纳米管阵列SERS基底增强因子分析和实验

为了直观、准确地定量分析表面拉曼增强散射基底结构的拉曼增强,利用磁控溅射和高温退火的方法制备了银纳米粒子修饰垂直排列的碳纳米管阵列三维复合结构样品;实验采用罗丹明6G(R6G)溶剂作为探针分子,结合共聚焦显微拉曼系统,开展了表面增强拉曼增强因子(EF)分析计算的相关实验。SEM结果表明：在有序碳纳米管阵列的表面和外壁均匀地负载了大量银纳米粒子。对退火温度为450 ℃,退火时间为30 min的样品进行了EF计算,得到其增强因子约为2.2×103,并分析了EF值低的原因主要是：在碳纳米管上溅射的银膜膜厚不均匀,导致退火后银颗粒分布不均,使得样品粗糙度值偏大,EF值较低;实验中所用的激励光源并非银纳米颗粒的优化光源。     

中红外波段大气碳同位素激光吸收光谱研究

大气碳同位素在环境污染源汇示踪和地球化学发展等方面的应用越来越广泛,在其探测技术方面,激光吸收光谱技术具有体积小、可在线、灵敏度高等优点,在气体同位素探测中越来越受到重视。工作中研究了2.7 μm波段的分布式反馈激光器(distributed feedback laser, DFB)可调谐半导体激光器的性能,在遵循12CO₂和13CO₂同位素分子吸收谱线特征和同位素分子谱线选择原则的基础上,确定了合适的激光器输出波长。结合光程390.3 m的新型多次反射池,实现了大气中CO₂分子的δ13C同位素丰度探测。     

Evaluation of the performance of high temperature conversion reactors for compound-specific oxygen stable isotope analysis

In this study conversion conditions for oxygen gas chromatography high temperature conversion (HTC) isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) are characterised using qualitative mass spectrometry (IonTrap). It is shown that physical and chemical properties of a given reactor design impact HTC and thus the ability to accurately measure oxygen isotope ratios. Commercially available and custom-built tube-in-tube reactors were used to elucidate (i) by-product formation (carbon dioxide, water, small organic molecules), (ii) 2nd sources of oxygen (leakage, metal oxides, ceramic material), and (iii) required reactor conditions (conditioning, reduction, stability). The suitability of the available HTC approach for compound-specific isotope analysis of oxygen in volatile organic molecules like methyl tert-butyl ether is assessed. Main problems impeding accurate analysis are non-quantitative HTC and significant carbon dioxide by-product formation. An evaluation strategy combining mass spectrometric analysis of HTC products and IRMS ¹⁸O/¹⁶O monitoring for future method development is proposed.     

一氧化碳的太赫兹时域光谱研究

以飞秒激光为基础的太赫兹时域光谱技术是一种新型的相干远红外光谱测量技术。文章首次利用太赫兹时域光谱技术测量了一氧化碳气体在0.2～2.5太赫兹频谱范围内的吸收光谱。实验结果表明,一氧化碳在此波段有明显的特征吸收峰,峰值位置与理论计算得到的结果有很好的一致性。随着压强的减小,吸收峰变尖锐。研究一氧化碳的太赫兹吸收光谱特性,对于快速、准确检测环境中有害气体以及排除安全隐患具有重要意义。