Methods in carbon K-edge NEXAFS: Experiment and analysis

Near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) is widely used to probe the chemistry and structure of surface layers. Moreover, using ultra-high brilliance polarised synchrotron light sources, it is possible to determine the molecular alignment of ultra-thin surface films. However, the quantitative analysis of NEXAFS data is complicated by many experimental factors and, historically, the essential methods of calibration, normalisation and artefact removal are presented in the literature in a somewhat fragmented manner, thus hindering their integrated implementation as well as their further development. This paper outlines a unified, systematic approach to the collection and quantitative analysis of NEXAFS data with a particular focus upon carbon K-edge spectra. As a consequence, we show that current methods neglect several important aspects of the data analysis process, which we address with a combination of novel and adapted techniques. We discuss multiple approaches in solving the issues commonly encountered in the analysis of NEXAFS data, revealing the inherent assumptions of each approach and providing guidelines for assessing their appropriateness in a broad range of experimental situations.     

聚丙烯基纳米碳纤维复合材料结晶行为研究

采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究了纳米碳纤维对PP／CNF复合材料中PP结晶行为的影响。结果表明：纳米碳纤雏可提高PP的结晶温度，但略降低其结晶速率和结晶度。提高纳米碳纤雏含量或减小纳米碳纤雏直径，PP结晶行为的上述变化更为明显，但结晶速率随纳米碳纤维含量出现先减小后增大的趋势。     

钯II催化CO/乙烯共聚加压原位红外光谱研究

聚酿以其优良的物理、化学性能及原料（CO乙烯）简单易得的优点，在世界范围内已引起人们的普遍关注．为寻找价廉的催化剂或改良高效或（11）一双磷催化剂以推动聚酮的工业化进程，必须对共聚机理进行深入的研究．S；，n［’，’1、DrentP］等人根据对产品主链和端基的分析首先     

氧化铝/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及表征

采用聚乙烯醇对碳纳米管表面进行改性，通过化学沉淀法将Al(OH)₃均匀沉积在碳纳米管表面，然后在氮气气氛下于500 ℃煅烧2 h，制备出氧化铝/碳纳米管复合材料。采用TEM、TG、DTA、XRD、IR、氮吸附脱附(比表面积及孔结构分析)等对氧化铝/碳纳米管复合材料进行表征，结果表明:未经聚乙烯醇改性的碳纳米管，氧化铝与碳纳米管相互分离;经聚乙烯醇改性的碳纳米管，氧化铝与碳纳米管结合良好。经聚乙烯醇改性的碳纳米管表面均匀覆盖一层聚乙烯醇膜，通过聚乙烯醇的吸附作用， Al(OH)₃沉积在碳纳米管表面形成一层连续的覆盖层。     

担载型铂催化剂上甲烷活化的TPSR研究

用程序升温表面反应手段，系统地考察了甲烷在Ｐｔ催化剂上的吸附活化特征及甲烷分解后产生的表面碳物种。结果表明，ＣＨ４确能在ＳｉＯ２担载型Ｐｔ催化剂表面发生解离吸附，生成复杂的碳物种。这些碳物种间可发生相互转化。     

炭黑填充聚乙烯材料电阻—温度特性研究

研究了炭黑／聚乙烯导电复合材料的ＰＴＣ特性及在不同条件下的电阻变化。发现ＰＴＣ特性与体积膨胀及聚乙烯晶相的熔融有许多一致性。认为材料的体积膨胀及聚乙烯晶相熔融时炭黑颗粒均匀化扩散导致了电阻随温度上升。在较高温度下，炭黑颗粒在分子链段热运动的推动下会发生相对聚集使电阻不断减小，这是材料出现ＮＴＣ现象的原因。材料总的电阻温度特性是体积膨胀、炭黑向聚乙烯熔融区扩散及相互聚集三个因素共同作用的结果。     

高分子基PTC复合材料的研究及其应用

本文概述了高分子基PTC复合材料最近的研究动态，阐述了其作为热敏材料在自控温加热系统和过流保护元件方面的广泛应用。     

Rational synthesis of covalently bonded organic-inorganic hybrids

Hybrid materials based on covalently linked inorganic polyoxometalates (POMs) and organic species containing a delocalized pi system have drawn increasing attention. These hybrids, traditionally prepared by cluster assembly approaches that lack predictability and controllability, can now be synthesized through common organic reactions by using organically functionalized POM clusters as building blocks. This minireview highlights some of the most recent advances on a particular type of hybrids where the organic and inorganic components are connected by an imido linkage.