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51.
Abstract In his communication on the detection limits for thermal emission spectroscopy of metallic species in flame media, Fassel (1) attacks our previous statement that detection limits for Al, Be and Mo were available only for turbulent oxygen-supported hydrogen or acetylene flames. It should be borne in mind that he was referring to a preliminary communication (2) which naturally does not carry an extensive bibliography. It should also be noted that we were concerned, in context, with a comparison of the separated flame with conventional flames, not with highly unconventional flames such as those to which he refers. Whilst the point with which he takes issue was a very minor one, incorporated in our preliminary communication mainly as an “aside”, we firmly disagree with his observation. The flame he refers to (3) (4) is, in fact, a diluted oxy-acetylene flame which is supported by venting some air (and therefore nitrogen) to dilute the fuel-oxygen mixture. Fassel's communication (1) erroneously refers to this as a 'premixed oxy-acetylene flame', whereas elsewhere (5) it is described more correctly as an oxygen-nitrogen-acetylene flame. The burner he long-pathlength carbonaceous flames (10). They also allow more sensitive molecular emission spectroscopy of sulphur in an air-hydrogen flame (11), etc. We hope that this unfortunate correspondence will not distract attention from the main issue of our previous or previous preliminary communication on the separated nitrous oxide-acetylene flime. 相似文献
52.
J. Dyckmans H. Flessa Z. Shangguan F. Beese 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(1):63-78
Abstract A continuous dual 13CO2 and 15NH4 15NO3 labelling experimental set-up is presented that was used to investigate the C and N uptake and allocation within 3-year old beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) during one growing season. The C and N allocation pattern was determined after six, twelve and eighteen weeks of growth. The carbon uptake was distinctly different in the three phases examined: The first six weeks after budbreak were dedicated to leaf growth with a R/S (root to shoot) ratio of 0.14 for the new carbon. The second growth phase showed a balanced R/S ratio of C allocation and after week 13, the root compartment was the main carbon sink (R/S = 6.97). Nitrogen allocation was more basipetal as compared to carbon. In the second growth phase, R/S of Nnew was 5.57 but fell to 3.54 for the third growth phase probably due to formation of reserves in buds and stem. 相似文献
53.
G. Schmidt 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(3):185-188
Abstract The increasing application of 13C-labelled urea in medicine requires simple and reasonable methods for measuring highly enriched 13C in urea. The combination: ultimate organic analysis—mass spectrometry so far prescribed is complicated and expensive. For medical diagnosis, however, isotope selective nondispersive infrared spectrometers (NDIRS) have been available for many years. One of these tools is FANci2 which is very reasonable and easily to be operated. By means of such devices also urea highly enriched in 13C can be analysed, provided that the samples are first diluted with a defined amount of urea of natural isotopic composition and then transformed into carbon dioxide by means of urease. The relative abundance of 13C in this carbon dioxide, measured by nondispersive infrared spectrometry, is then a measure of the 13C abundance in the initial urea sample. Comparison of results of such measurements with those attained by mass spectrometry proves that this procedure is feasible and yields precise results. 相似文献
54.
B. Boag R. Neilson D. Robinson C. M. Scrimgeour L. L. Handley 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(1-2):81-85
Abstract We report the first isotopic study of an animal host-parasite system. Parasitic, intestinal nematodes, Graphidium strigosum and Passalurus ambiguus, were 15N-enriched relative to their host, the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus, while parasitic cestodes, Cittataenia denticulata and Mosgovoyia pectinata, were 15N-depleted, suggesting different trophic relationships. Host embryos were more similar in their δ13C and δ15N values to maternal muscle than were any of the parasites. Coprophagy, the direct recycling of food by the rabbit eating its own faeces, did not lead to isotopic differences between stomach contents and faeces, suggesting that the major point for isotopic discrimination in lagomorph nitrogen metabolism is in the animal rather than in the gut. We conclude that bulk δ13C and δ15N can reveal valuable new information about host-parasite relationships, and these could be explored further at the biochemical level using compound-specific isotopic analyses. 相似文献
55.
《Composite Interfaces》2013,20(5-6):371-380
This paper describes the radical graft polymerizations of vinyl monomers from carbon fiber surface initiated by azo groups introduced onto the fiber surface. The carbon fiber used in this experiment was the polyacrylonitrile type. The introduction of azo groups onto the carbon fiber surface was achieved by the reaction of 4,4'-azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) with isocyanate groups which were previously attached onto the surface by the treatment of the fiber with tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate. The amount of surface azo groups introduced onto nitric acid-treated carbon fiber was determined to be 0.60 x 10-5 mol 9-1 by nitrogen analysis. The radical graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was tried. Though the thermal polymerization of MMA proceeded slightly in the absence or in the presence of untreated carbon fiber, the rate of the polymerization was considerably low. In contrast, the graft polymerization of MMA was initiated in the presence of the carbon fiber having surface azo groups, and part of resultant poly(MMA) grafted onto the surface. The percentage of grafting increased with an increase in polymerization time and reached 42.8% after 24 h. The graft polymerizations of other monomers, such as styrene, vinyl acetate, and acrylic acid, were also initiated by the surface azo groups attached onto the carbon fiber, and the corresponding polymer effectively grafted onto the surface. 相似文献
56.
《Composite Interfaces》2013,20(3):257-275
Viscous and elastomeric silicones have been applied as interlayers to carbon fibers in order to develop a tougher, micro-crack resistant, thermally stable polyimide (PMR-15) composite. Carbon fiber is continuously coated with very high molecular weight polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyvinyl-methylsiloxane (PVMS). Dynamic mechanical properties of the composites have been determined and compared with uncoated carbon fiber reinforced PMR-15 polyimide composites. The presence of the interlayer is shown by the appearance of a new relaxation peak. The peak temperature is found to be a good indication of the degree of the cure of the silicone elastomer. Comparison of the storage moduli of uncoated and coated carbon fiber composites at the service temperature range of the composites indicates that the presence of the silicone interlayer affects the shear moduli of the composites. Apparent activation energy of the α transition of the matrix in the modified composites varies with the amount of interlayer and composition in concert with the impact strength. 相似文献
57.
Abstract Solid solutions Ca1 x-yLuxGdy F2+x+y for 10?4 ≤ x ≤ 2 × 10?2 and y=0.0001 have been studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and ionic thermal currents (ITC). It has been found that the ITC spectrum from 77 to 420 K is very weak and the main peak is attributed to the relaxation of both Lu3+-F? x and Gd3+F? i nn dipoles. No polarizable clusters are present in the temperature range explored here. The EPR spectra show the presence of Gd3+ tetragonal and cubic centers due to the local and non local compensation, respectively. The continuous decrease in the molar fraction of Gd3+ tetragonal centers together with the low concentration of Lu nn dipoles is an evidence of the existence at these low and intermediate concentrations of large clusters such as the cubo-octahedral hexamer which has been proposed for CaF2 crystals very highly doped with small trivalent cations. 相似文献
58.
Abstract Molecular statics method is used to determine the energy and configuration peculiarities of vacancy-bivacancy interaction in alkali halide crystals. It is shown that high level of local vacancy supersaturation defines the possibility of cluster formation. The study of carrier traps by luminescence methods is used to reveal vacancy clusters. 相似文献
59.
ABSTRACTThe concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) has a significant influence on the morphology of thermal decomposition products of magnesite. So, structures, stabilities and adsorption mechanisms of (MgO)m (m?=?1–6) clusters by one or two CO2 molecules were calculated by the GGA-PW91 method. The results show that the stability of the considered clusters is (MgO)m(CO2)2 clusters > (MgO)m(CO2) clusters > (MgO)m clusters by the average binding energy. Certain low-lying isomers of (MgO)m(CO2) and (MgO)m(CO2)2 clusters which have an isolated O atom are deviating from the cluster center which possess higher kinetic activity. (MgO)m clusters prefer to adsorb a CO2 molecule, while (MgO)3(CO2) clusters prefer to adsorb a CO2 molecule rather than the neighbors. Magnesite is difficult to transit to (MgCO3)2 clusters at room temperature. However, magnesite will spontaneously transit to (MgO)2 clusters and further transit to MgO crystal which need to adsorb more energy at 700?K. 相似文献
60.
在分析横向型企业集群供应链特点的基础上,侧重于从物流方面阐述了横向型企业集群内制造商与其上下游企业间的供应链关系,以及制造商与制造商之间的供应链关系.同时结合当前横向型企业集群存在的问题,从改善其供应链关系的角度构建了水平集成型虚拟组织供应链模型,并给出了一个应用案例. 相似文献