Ca~(2+)增敏米诺环素荧光显微成像技术应用于米诺环素的检测

应用固载表面毛细流自组装环荧光显微成像技术,建立了Ca2+增敏米诺环素荧光体系测定牛奶中米诺环残留量的分析方法。将米诺环素溶液与一定量的氯化钙溶液,pH 8.50的氨性缓冲溶液及PVA-124溶液充分混合均匀。反应10 min后,滴在疏水性载玻片表面上,微波加热,溶剂受热挥发后,形成直径约为1.7 mm,环带宽约为45.3μm的自组装环。当点样体积为0.3μL时,线性范围为5.6×10-13~1.8×10-11mol,方法的检出限(3σ)为5.6×10-14mol。应用于米诺环素胶囊中米诺环素和牛奶中残留米诺环素的检测,回收率分别为104.3%~105.0%和96.0%~105.9%,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于3.5%。     

Highlighting the possible secondary interactions in the role of balhimycin and its analogues for enantiorecognition in capillary electrophoresis

It is believed that the enantiorecognition mechanism based on macrocyclic antibiotics involves multimodal interactions via hydrogen bonding, π–π interaction, steric hindrance, hydrophobic interaction and so on. A variety of enantiomeric N-benzoylated amino acids were separated using balhimycin (A) or its analogues bromobalhimycin (B) and dechlorobalhimycin (C) as chiral mobile phase additive using a CE method, which combined the partial filling technique with the dynamic coating technique and the co-EOF electrophoresis technique. The enantioresolution and the migration time were highly relevant to the structure of analytes, especially to the substitutions on the N-tagged benzoyl moiety of the amino acids. A steric effect and π–π interaction based mechanism is proposed in order to explain some observed enantioresolution differences between positional isomers. Notably dechlorobalhimycin exhibited the best enantioresolution for several N-benzoylated derivatives of leucine, which was rarely observed for N-dansylated amino acid derivatives. The hydrophobicity difference of the aglycone pocket among three chiral selectors was assumed to account for this behaviour.     

A highly efficient capillary electrophoresis-based method for size determination of water-soluble CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots

This paper describes a highly efficient method for size determination of water-soluble CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using polymer additive as sieving medium. The influence of some factors, such as kinds and concentrations of the sieving medium, pH, concentrations of the background electrolyte (BGE) and applied voltage, on the separation of QDs was investigated. Under the optimal separation conditions, four different sized QDs were successfully separated, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the migration times for these QDs was below 1.013%. In addition, an equation was fit by taking into account the correlation existing between the electrophoretic mobilities and the sizes of a set of QDs. The feasibility of this equation to measure the sizes of other QDs was confirmed by comparison with the sizes obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiment. This work offers a novel method for size determination of QDs, and provides an important reference on the study of QDs based on CE.     

Separations using a porous-shell pillar array column on a capillary LC instrument

We investigated the achievable separation performance of a 9-cm-long and 1-mm-wide pillar array channel (volume = 0.6 μL) containing 5 μm diameter Si pillars (spacing 2.5 μm) cladded with a mesoporous silica layer with a thickness of 300 nm, when this channel is directly interfaced to a capillary LC instrument. The chip has a small footprint of only 4 cm × 4 mm and the channel consists of three lanes that are each 3 cm long and that are interconnected using low dispersion turns consisting of a narrow U-turn (10 μm), proceded and preceded by a diverging flow distributor. Measuring the band broadening within a single lane and comparing it to the total channel band broadening, the additional band broadening of the turns can be estimated to be of the order of 0.5 μm around the minimum of the van Deemter curve, and around some 1 μm (nonretained species) and 2 μm (retained species) in the C-term dominated regime. The overall performance (chip + instrument) was evaluated by conducting gradient elution separations of digests of cytochrome c and bovine serum albumin. Peak capacities up to 150 could be demonstrated, nearly completely independent of the flow rate.     

Separation of bacteria by capillary electrophoresis

Differences in the surface charges of bacteria can be exploited for their separation by capillary electrophoresis. Because of their low electrophoretic mobility, the separation is not always easy to perform, especially in the presence of the electroosmotic flow. Elimination of electroosmotic flow by capillary wall modification with γ‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate followed by acrylamide bonding permits separation over a distance of 8.5 cm.     

Development of a peptide inhibitor-based cantilever sensor assay for cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase

A highly sensitive nanomechanical cantilever sensor assay based on an electrical measurement has been developed for detecting activated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Employing a peptide derived from the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor (PKI), a magnetic bead system was first selected as a vehicle to immobilize the PKI-(5-24) peptide for capturing PKA catalytic subunit and the activity assay was applied for indirectly assessing the binding. Synergistic interactions of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the peptide inhibitor with the kinase were then investigated by a solution phase capillary electrophoretic assay, and by surface plasmon resonance technology which involved immobilization of the peptide inhibitor. After systemically evaluated by a homogeneous direct binding assay, the ATP-dependent recognition of the catalytic subunit of PKA by PKI-(5-24) was successfully transferred on to the nanomechanical cantilevers at protein concentrations of 6.6 pM-66 nM, exhibiting much higher sensitivity and wider dynamic range than the conventional activity assay. Thus, direct assessment of activated kinases using the cantilever sensor system functionalized with specific peptide inhibitors holds great promise in analytical applications and clinical medicine.     

Capillary gas chromatographic analysis of pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate metal chelates

Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) chelates of Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(III), Fe(III), Mn(II), Cr(III), and VO(II) were analysed by capillary GC on a DB-1701 column (30 m x 0.25 mm id) with flame ionisation detection (FID). Linear calibrations were attained within "1-30 microg/mL" for Ni(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), and VO(II), and within "2-50 microg/mL" for Co(III) and Zn(II). The limits of detection were in the "150-500 ng/mL" range, corresponding to 15-50 pg amounts reaching the FID system. The optimised method was applied to the determination of Cu(II) and Ni(II) in coins, and that of Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Cr(III), and VO(II) in pharmaceutical preparations with relative standard deviations within 1.1-5.2%. The results obtained are in good agreement with sewage water samples and the declared values for the pharmaceutical formulations, or with the results of AAS of metal contents in coins, pharmaceutical preparations, and sewage water samples.     

Determination of creatine and phosphocreatine in muscle biopsy samples by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection

A capillary electrophoresis method with contactless conductivity detection was evaluated as a new approach for quantification of creatine and phosphocreatine in human quadriceps femoris biopsy samples. The running buffers employed consisted of 1 M acetic acid at a pH of 2.3 for the determination of creatine and 50 mM 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid/30 mM histidine at a pH of 6.4 for the determination of phosphocreatine in the centrifuged muscle extracts. The limits of detection for creatine and phosphocreatine were found to be 2.5 and 1.0 μM, respectively. Creatine and phosphocreatine were determined in six human muscle biopsy samples and the results were found comparable to those of a standard enzymatic assay. The procedures developed for creatine and phosphocreatine also allow the determination of creatinine as well as adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate.     

Analysis of recombinant human erythropoietin glycopeptides by capillary electrophoresis electrospray–time of flight-mass spectrometry

Capillary electrophoresis electrospray–mass spectrometry was used to detect and characterize the great variety of O- and N-glycopeptide glycoforms of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) using an orthogonal accelerating time-of-flight mass spectrometer to obtain their exact molecular masses (CE–TOF-MS). rhEPO was digested with trypsin and Glu-C and analyzed by CE–TOF-MS to detect O₁₂₆, N₈₃, N₂₄–N₃₈ and N₂₄ and N₃₈ glycopeptide glycoforms, respectively. Neuraminidase was first used to enhance the detection of the glycopeptides and detect all possible glycoforms contained in each glycosylation site. O₁₂₆ and N₈₃ glycopeptides were extensively characterized. Twelve sialoforms corresponding to 5 different glycoforms were detected in N₈₃, and for the first time, a sulfated sialoform of this glycopeptide was also detected. In the case of O₁₂₆, different sialoforms with different types of sialic acids (Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac) were detected and an estimation of the relative percentage of Neu5Gc versus Neu5Ac was also carried out for this glycopeptide. N₂₄ and N₃₈ glycosylation sites were also characterized by CE–TOF-MS after Glu-C digestion and these results permitted to rule out some glycan combinations for N₂₄–N₃₈ glycopeptide glycoforms. This study provided a reliable glycopeptide map of rhEPO and may be regarded as an excellent starting point to analyze rhEPO glycopeptides in biological fluids and detect the use of this hormone in sports.