虫草氨基酸的人工神经网络-近红外光谱快速测定方法

提出了用近红外漫反射光谱技术快速检测发酵冬虫夏草中氨基酸含量的新方法。采用比色法测定虫草菌粉中氨基酸含量。用BP神经网络建立了近红外光谱数据与氨基酸、精氨酸和总氨酸含量间的定量关联模型。通过比较不同的光谱预处理方法及光谱范围, 得到最优模型,即在7 501.7～6 097.8,5 453.7～4 246.5 cm-1区域内,近红外光谱的一阶微分光谱与其氨基酸含量之间建立模型。甘氨酸、精氨酸和总氨基酸的预测标准偏差分别为0.08,0.07和0.36,均优于主成分回归(PCR)和偏最小二乘回归(PLS)等线性模型的处理结果。结果表明,该方法是一种有效实用的非线性校正方法。为近红外光谱快速测定中药组分含量提供了一条新途径。     

Raman Method in Identification of Species and Varieties,Assessment of Plant Maturity and Crop Quality—A Review

The present review covers reports discussing potential applications of the specificity of Raman techniques in the advancement of digital farming, in line with an assumption of yield maximisation with minimum environmental impact of agriculture. Raman is an optical spectroscopy method which can be used to perform immediate, label-free detection and quantification of key compounds without destroying the sample. The authors particularly focused on the reports discussing the use of Raman spectroscopy in monitoring the physiological status of plants, assessing crop maturity and quality, plant pathology and ripening, and identifying plant species and their varieties. In recent years, research reports have presented evidence confirming the effectiveness of Raman spectroscopy in identifying biotic and abiotic stresses in plants as well as in phenotyping and digital selection of plants in farming. Raman techniques used in precision agriculture can significantly improve capacities for farming management, crop quality assessment, as well as biological and chemical contaminant detection, thereby contributing to food safety as well as the productivity and profitability of agriculture. This review aims to increase the awareness of the growing potential of Raman spectroscopy in agriculture among plant breeders, geneticists, farmers and engineers.     

Antitumor activity on human bladder cancer T-24 cells and composition analysis of the core of Camellia osmantha fruit

Abstract

In this study, antitumor activity and composition analysis of the core of Camellia osmantha fruit were investigated. The cores were extracted by 80% ethanol to obtain the crude extract (TF), which was successively distributed by different concentrations of ethanol with MCI resin to obtain three different parts (Frs 1 to 3). Cytotoxicity activities showed that TF, Fr-2, and Fr-3 exhibited good inhibition against T-24 with IC₅₀ values of 6.7 ± 1.3, 6.9 ± 0.9, and 6.7 ± 1.7 μg/mL, respectively. Fr-3 has a strong inhibitory activity on T-24 cells, mainly due to effectively increasing the release of intracellular calcium ions and reactive oxygen species. In addition, Fr-3 can inhibit T-24 cells migration and invasion. Further composition analysis on Fr-3 was detected by LC-Q-TOFMS implying the main components to be ellagic acid and its derivatives.     

低能离子注入植物种子的深度分布及生物效应机理研究

采用四种物理测量方法：扫描电子显微镜和能量色散x射线分析，质子激发x荧光分析，双光子激光扫描显微技术和正电子湮没技术测定了能量为200keV V⁺ 注入干花生种 子的深度分布.测量结果表明，注入的低能离子在干种子花生内的深度远比TRIM95的理论计算值为高.对低能离子注入植物种子后的生物效应的机理进行了讨论. 关键词： 低能离子注入 植物种子 深度分布 生物效应机理     

Determination of the compositions of polysaccharides from Chinese herbs by capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection

In this paper, capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection (CZE-AD) was applied to determine the compositions of hetero-polysaccharides from Chinese herbs, Angelica sinensis and flax by analyzing their hydrolyzed monosaccharides: fucose, galactose, glucose, arabinose, rhamnose and xylose. Under the selected optimum conditions, the six monosaccharides could be perfectly separated within 25 min and showed significant current responses at copper electrodes. The linear ranges of the six monosaccharides were all from 5.0 x 10(-6) to 2.0 x 10(-4) mol L(-1) and their detection limits were lower or near 1.0 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) (S/N = 3). Experiments showed that the Angelica sinensis polysaccharide was composed of fucose, galactose, glucose, arabinose, rhamnose and xylose (mole ratio 1.0:13.6:15.0:8.7:21.3:3.7), and the flax polysaccharide was composed of galactose, glucose and arabinose (mole ratio 1.0:4.98:1.1). The purity of these polysaccharides leached by the introduced leaching method was 98.3 and 97.6%, respectively. Analyzing polysaccharides by this method has some merits of speed, simple instrumentation and operation, high sensitivity and high reproducibility.     

异相晶种诱导快速合成低硅菱沸石分子筛

在不含有机模板剂体系(OSDAs)中,利用异相晶种(T型分子筛)诱导快速合成出纯相的低硅菱沸石分子筛。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、27Al MAS NMR和紫外拉曼等手段表征分子筛的结构属性和形貌特点。详细研究了菱沸石分子筛的晶化过程以及晶种添加量、nAl2O3/nSi O2、nH2O/nSiO2和碱度对菱沸石分子筛晶化的影响,并探讨T型分子筛晶种诱导合成菱沸石分子筛的晶化机理。原位合成体系中仅形成L型分子筛晶相,而一定量T型分子筛异相晶种的加入诱导溶胶快速制备出纯相的菱沸石分子筛。T型分子筛晶体在一定的水热条件下不断溶解而释放的六元环(6R)和四元环(4R)迅速形成菱沸石分子筛特征笼(CHA笼),抑制了L型分子筛特征单元和特征笼(不含四元环的CAN笼)的形成。     

A new bisabolane sesquiterpenoid and a new abietane diterpenoid from Cephalotaxus sinensis

Phytochemical investigation of Cephalotaxus sinensis has led to the isolation of a new bisabolane sesquiterpenoid (1), a new abietane diterpenoid (2), and 13 known compounds (3–15). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (MS, UV, IR, and NMR).     

Local‐Curvature‐Controlled Non‐Epitaxial Growth of Hierarchical Nanostructures

Site‐selective growth on non‐spherical seeds provides an indispensable route to hierarchical complex nanostructures that are interesting for diverse applications. However, this has only been achieved through epitaxial growth, which is restricted to crystalline materials with similar crystal structures and physicochemical properties. A non‐epitaxial growth strategy is reported for hierarchical nanostructures, where site‐selective growth is controlled by the curvature of non‐spherical seeds. This strategy is effective for site‐selective growth of silica nanorods from non‐spherical seeds of different shapes and materials, such as α‐Fe₂O₃, NaYF₄, and ZnO. This growth strategy is not limited by the stringent requirements of epitaxy and is thus a versatile general method suitable for the preparation of hierarchical nanostructures with controlled morphologies and compositions to open up a verity of applications in self‐assembly, nanorobotics, catalysis, electronics, and biotechnology.     

Inhibitory effects of schisantherin F from Schisandra propinqua subsp. sinensis on human melanoma A375 cells through ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis

Abstract

Schisandra propinqua subsp. sinensis is a traditional medicinal plant used in Chinese folk medicine. Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer. To discover bioactive phytochemicals for preventing human melanoma, we have investigated the inhibitory effects of schisantherin F in Schisandra propinqua subsp. sinensis on human melanoma A375 cells and relevant mechanisms. The results showed that schisantherin F can inhibit A375 cells through inducing apoptosis. Further investigations have demonstrated schisantherin F attenuated the overproduction of ROS, depolarization of MMP, and mPTP opening. Meanwhile, schisantherin F inhibited the activity of Caspase-3 and up-stream Caspase-9, down-regulated Bcl-2 and up-regulated Bax. These findings propose the inhibitory mechanisms of schisantherin F in A375 cells include induction of mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.