不同尺寸六边形一水草酸钙晶体的合成、表征、性质及其细胞毒性

通过改变反应温度、溶剂、添加剂和搅拌速度,合成了尺寸分别为(1.5±0.4)、(3.5±0.5)、(5.5±0.5)和(9.5±1)μm的4种一水草酸钙(COM)晶体,比较了它们的理化性质差异。加入添加剂Na3Cit,增加搅拌速度,降低反应温度或降低溶剂的介电常数,均有利于获得小尺寸的晶体。X射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)检测表明,这些晶体均为单相的COM晶体;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察显示,随着晶体尺寸由1μm增大到9μm,晶体由表面粗糙的圆钝形演变为表面光滑的薄片状,其高电荷密度的(101)晶面增大,晶体表面电荷密度增加,ζ电位绝对值也增大,形成的悬浮液稳定性越高。这些COM晶体对人肾近曲小管上皮细胞(HK-2)的损伤能力与其尺寸成负相关。     

利用分子雷达研究吗啡对PC12细胞的作用机制

分子雷达是一种能够在分子层次对活细胞内生物过程进行实时、原位观察的探测技术。本文利用分子雷达研究了吗啡对PC12细胞的作用机制。实验结果表明，吗啡对PC12的作用具有时间和浓度依赖性，吗啡能引起细胞内[Ca^2 ]瞬时升高和波动，并且能导致细胞核浓缩和线粒体膜电势丧失。     

CO偶联反应中氧对Pd－Fe／α－Al2O3催化剂活性的影响

 在CO常压气相催化偶联合成草酸酯反应体系中，考察了原料气CO中不同氧杂质含量和不同反应温度对钯系催化剂活性的影响．结果表明，随着氧含量的增加和反应温度的升高，CO的转化率和草酸二乙酯（DEO）的空时收率升高，但DEO的选择性下降，且有副产物乙酸乙酯生成 ；氧杂质的存在同时加快了CO偶联主副反应速率．根据实验现象及XPS表征结果探讨了催化剂活性变化规律的机理，并考察了在反应温度下无CO偶联反应时氧对钯系催化剂中活性组分钯及助剂铁的氧化作用．实验结果表明，氧引起的钯系催化剂活性的改变具有可逆性．     

Thermal decomposition kinetics of strontium oxalate

The thermal decomposition behavior in air of SrC₂O₄ · 1.25H₂O was studied up to the formation of SrO using DTA-TG-DTG techniques. The decomposition proceeds through four well-defined steps. The first two steps are attributed to the dehydration of the salt, while the third and fourth ones are assigned to the decomposition of the anhydrous strontium oxalate into SrCO₃ and the decomposition of SrCO₃ to SrO, respectively. The exothermic DTA peak found at around 300°C is ascribed to the recrystallization of the anhydrous strontium oxalate. On the other hand, the endothermic DTA peak observed at 910°C can be attributed to the transition of orthorhombic-hexagonal phase of SrCO₃. The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of anhydrous strontium oxalate and strontium carbonate, which are formed as stable intermediates, have been studied using non-isothermal TG technique. Analysis of kinetic data was carried out assuming various solid-state reaction models and applying three different computational methods. The data analysis according to the composite method showed that the anhydrous oxalate decomposition is best described by the two-dimensional diffusion-controlled mechanism (D₂), while the decomposition of strontium carbonate is best fitted by means of the three-dimensional phase boundary-controlled mechanism (R₃). The values of activation parameters obtained using different methods were compared and discussed.     

单柱离子色谱法测定痕量草酸根离子

本文采用单柱离子色谱系统测定了Ｃ２Ｏ＾２－４，以１．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ葡萄糖酸钠／１．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ硼砂为淋洗液测定Ｃ２Ｏ＾２－４，８常见阴离子Ｃｌ＾－，ＮＯ＾－３，ＨＰＯ＾２－４，ＳＯ＾２－４不干扰测定，Ｃ２Ｏ＾２－４的检出限为０．５７ｍｇ／Ｌ，相对标准偏差为１．０７％，工作曲线的线性范围为０．５７－５００ｍｇ／Ｌ，应用本方法测定了加Ｃ２Ｏ＾２－４的自来水样，Ｃ２Ｏ＾２－４的回收率为９９．５２％。     

草酸钾诱导的LB膜缺陷及对草酸钙堆积图形的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了经不同浓度草酸钾(K2C2O4)处理后二棕榈酰磷酯酰胆碱(DPPC)的缺陷LB膜及其对一水草酸钙(COM)成核和生长的影响. K2C2O4的处理可进一步破坏LB膜中圆形畴区内的分子列阵, 尤其是使处在液态扩张相(LE)/液态凝集相(LC)边界的分子列阵无序程度增加, 从而促进了COM晶体在此处的成核和生长, 最终诱导圆形堆积的COM晶体图形出现. 随着损伤LB膜的K2C2O4浓度c(K2C2O4)从0.3 mmol/L增加到5.0 mmol/L, 其对LB膜畴区有序结构的破坏作用逐渐增强, 圈状堆积的晶体图形数量增多. 当c(K2C2O4)为0.3 mmol/L时, 主要诱导实心的圆形堆积的COM晶体图形, 而当c(K2C2O4)增加至5.0 mmol/L时, 生成圈状COM晶体图形, 且图形的半径减小. 这一研究结果将有助于从分子和超分子水平上了解肾小管上皮细胞膜损伤后的微结构变化及其与肾结石形成的关系.     

同时多元素萃取-原子吸收光谱法测定锂、硼、钾等无机盐中钙、镁、锰、铜、锌、镉、铁、钴、镍和铅

本文系用1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲醯基吡唑啉酮-5(PMBP)/甲基异丁基甲酮(MIBK)在六次甲基四胺存在下(pH=8.9)萃取预浓缩以后,用1.5mol/LHCl-2mgLa~(3+)/ml-0.5mgNa~+/ml 进行反萃取,继用原子吸收法在 Li_2CO_3、LiBr、RbCl、Cs_2SO_4、KOH、H_3BO_3、K_2SO_4、NaNO_3、NH_4Cl、NaCl、KH_2PO_4等盐类中测定有机相中的铁,反萃液测定其它9个离子。大量的 Cl~-、NO~-_3、SO~(2-)_4、Li、Rb、Cs、B、PO~(3-)_4等没有干扰。     

锆—钙—茜素S异多核络合物极谱吸附波的研究

报道了锆－钙－茜素Ｓ异多核络合物的形成及该异多核络合物极谱吸附波测定锆的最佳实验条件，用此法测定了矿石样品中的微量锆，并探讨了该极谱法的性质的电极反应机理，在单扫描示波极谱上用单纯形法和斜率比法测得该体系异多核络合物的组成比为：ｎｚｒ（Ⅳ）：ｎｃａ＾２＋；ｎＡＢＳ＝１：１：４．用分光光度法测定亦得到相同的结论。     

二水草酸钙的形成及其对尿路结石的防治

二水草酸钙(COD)是泌尿系结石的主要成分之一,其成核、生长和聚集过程与尿石的形成密切相关。本文结合我们近年来的工作,综述了生物膜及其模拟膜对COD的调控作用,尿大分子、焦磷酸盐、多磷酸盐、柠檬酸、酒石酸及表面活性剂等尿小分子的诱导作用,过饱和度、化学计量条件、pH值、离子强度、温度等体系参数对COD形成的影响;讨论了COD的形貌、晶面电荷及其与细胞膜粘附的研究进展。从临床上预防和治疗草酸钙结石的角度,综述了有利于COD形成的因素。     

Crystal growth and characterization of Au3+ ion irradiated 2-amino-5-nitropyridinium hydrogen oxalate (2A5NPHO)

2-amino-5-nitropyridinium hydrogen oxalate (2A5NPHO) was grown using slow evaporation and bulk crystal of 2A5NPHO was harvested from Assembled Temperature Reduction (ATR) method. Cut and polished crystal was irradiated using Au³⁺ ion with various fluences. Electronic loss, nuclear energy loss and penetration depth were calculated using SRIM software. It was observed in X- ray pattern that intensity of peak was reduced. Intensity of peak decreased with increase of ion fluencies from 10¹³ ions/cm² to 10¹⁴ ions/cm². Optical properties were measured using UV-Vis spectrometer. The increase of absorption was due to excited electrons which were formed by vacancies and formation of additional defects centres. Energy band gap of irradiated crystals increased with increase of ion fluence. Energy band gap of irradiated crystals were 3.39 eV, 3.42 eV, and 3.4 eV for 10¹³ ions/cm², 5 × 10¹³ ions/cm² and 10¹⁴ ions/cm² respectively and increase of band gap was due to the increase of forbidden gap. Microhardness was calculated using Vicker's Hardness tester. Increase of microhardness in irradiation crystal was due to increase of high density lattice defects produced by Au³⁺ of 10.8 MeV. Electrical property was calculated using dielectric constant. Increase of dielectric constant was due to large polarization which caused by disorderness and rich defects in the crystalline surface. Decrease of intensity peak in fluorescence was due to transition of excited electron to intermediated energy levels from excited state which converted into vibrational energy of lattice atoms (phonon). Morphology of irradiated crystal was seen using scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was observed from the SEM image that surface of crystal was heavily damaged. It was also noticed that the thermal stability of the irradiated single crystal increased with increase of ion fluences. Impedance of irradiated crystal was measured. The bulk resistance and grain boundary resistance also were calculated.