Humidity sensing properties of ZnO-based fibers by electrospinning

Zinc oxide (ZnO) based fibers with a diameter of 80-100 nm were prepared by electrospinning. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and zinc acetate dihydrate were dissolved in water and the polymer/salt solution was electrospun at 2.5 kV cm⁻¹. The resulting electrospun fibers were subjected to calcination at 500 °C for 2 h to obtain ZnO-based fibers. Humidity sensing properties of the fiber mats were investigated by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method and electrical measurements. The adsorption kinetics under constant relative humidity (RH) between 10% and 90% were explained using Langmuir adsorption model. Results of the measurements showed that ZnO-based fibers were found to be promising candidate for humidity sensing applications at room temperature.     

焙烧气氛对LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2中Li/Ni混排及电化学性能的影响

用固相法分别在氧气和空气气氛下合成了层状锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂, 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)及充放电性能测试对其结构、形貌和电化学性质进行表征, 用Rietveld精修计算晶体结构中的Li/Ni混排率, 研究了混排率与电化学性能的关系. 结果显示, 在不同的焙烧气氛下均能合成出纯相和结晶性良好的LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂, 但两种材料在电化学性能上存在一定的差异. 氧气气氛下焙烧合成的材料在首次放电容量, 循环稳定性方面均优于空气气氛下合成的材料. 在0.1C充放电条件下氧气气氛下焙烧得到的LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂材料首次放电容量达到178 mAh·g^-1, 充放电循环50圈后容量为165 mAh·g^-1, 容量保持率为92.7%; 而在空气气氛下焙烧得到的LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂材料首次放电容量为164 mAh·g^-1, 充放电循环50圈后容量为137 mAh·g^-1, 容量保持率为83.5%. 氧气气氛下合成的材料具有较优的电化学性能可归因于氧气气氛下焙烧合成的LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂具有较小的Li/Ni混排率.     

Does organic modification of layered double hydroxides improve the fire performance of PMMA?

The effect of modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) on fire properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) is investigated. Organically-modified LDHs were prepared via rehydration of calcined hydrotalcite in a palmitate solution. Composites consisting of the organo-LDHs, unmodified hydrotalcite and calcined oxides were prepared with poly(methyl methacrylate) using melt blending. Thermal and fire properties of the (nano)composites were studied. The thermogravimetric analyses of the composites show an increase in thermal stability. Fire performance, evaluated using cone calorimetry, show that organically-modified LDHs composites give the best reductions in peak heat release rate, PHRR, i.e., 51% at 10% weight loading. Dispersion of the LDHs was characterized using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Nanocomposite formation was observed with organically-modified LDHs, while the unmodified LDH composites gave only microcomposites.     

Sonochemical synthesis and characterization of new nanostructures cobalt(II) metal-organic complexes derived from the azo-coupling reaction of 4-amino benzoic acid with anthranilic acid,salicylaldehyde and 2-naphtol

Nanostructures of three new cobalt(II) complexes, (CoL₁)·0.5DMF·1.5MeOH (1), [H₂L₁ = 5-(4-Carboxy phenyl azo) anthranilic acid], (Co(L₂)₂)·1.5MeOH (2), [HL₂ = 5-(4-Carboxy phenyl azo) salicylaldehyde] and (Co(L₃)₂)·0.5 DMF·0.5MeOH (3), [HL₃ = 1-(4-Carboxy phenyl azo) 2-naphtol], have been synthesized by the reaction of H₂L₁, HL₂ and HL₃ with Co(OAc)₂·4H₂O through sonochemical process. Calcination of the nano-sized compounds 1–3 yield Co₃O₄ nanoparticles at 450 °C under air atmosphere. These nanostructures were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Thermal stability of compounds 1–3 was studied by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA).     

制备条件对Pd催化剂上C3H6选择性还原NO性能的影响

采用浸渍法和溶胶凝胶法,制备了Pd/AI2O3和Pd/AI2O3-CeO2样品,并测定了不同温度焙烧后催化剂的物相、比表面积及对丙烯选择性还原NO的活性。对于Pd/AI2O3,随着焙烧温度的提高,其NO的最大转化率逐渐下降,对应的反应温度在290－310℃左右,而溶胶凝胶法制备的样品活性略高于浸渍法制备的样品;对于Pd/AI2O3-CeO2,经600℃焙烧后,其NO的最大转化率为22％,900℃焙烧的催化剂样品上NO的最大转化率达到40％左右,对应的反应温度也逐渐下降,说明活性随焙烧温度的提高而明显提高,溶胶凝胶法和浸渍法制备的样品结果很接近,浸渍法制备了若干不同Pd负载量的Pd/AI2O3样品,活性测定的结果表明,Pd含量在0．5％左右的催化剂样品中具有最高的活性。     

Calcination Effect on the Photoluminescence,Optical, Structural,and Magnetic Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Doped ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles

Abstract

Spinel ferrite based nanoparticle material has been at the forefront of contemporary nanotechnology for use in various industrial and biomedical applications. The preparation and characterization of zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZFNPs) doped with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are reported in this work. The formulated ZFNP/PVAs were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The XRD established the cubic spinel crystal structure of the as-prepared and calcined sample with an increase in the crystallite size after the calcination. The SEM analysis showed a spherical morphology within the range of 10-40?nm after calcination. The bandgap energy was enhanced after calcination. The PL analysis revealed a prominent peak in the UV band, which showed the characteristics of the formulated nanostructure. Transformation to a superparamagnetic nature was observed after calcination. It is noteworthy that after calcination of the formulated ZFNP/PVAs, the structural, optical, bandgap energy, morphology, photoluminescence and the magnetic properties were influenced and enhanced for various applications, chiefly for hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery and allied disciplines.     

SBA-15负载高分散纳米NiO的丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯催化性能

采用浸渍法通过改变焙烧气氛制备了系列NiO/SBA-15 (w_NiO=20%)催化剂, 并考察了催化剂的丙烷氧化脱氢(ODHP)反应性能. 实验结果表明, 与在静止和流动空气中焙烧的催化剂相比, 在1%NO/He (V_NO/V_He=1:99)气氛中焙烧的NiO/SBA-15-NO具有优异的低温丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯性能, 在350 ℃时, 丙烷的转化率和丙烯收率分别约达29%和13%. 反应温度升至450 ℃时, 丙烯的选择性仍保持在45%左右. X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)测试结果表明, 1%NO/He气氛可有效抑制焙烧过程中NiO纳米颗粒的团聚, 使NiO物种高分散于SBA-15 的孔道中. H₂-程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)和O₂-程序升温脱附(O₂-TPD)测试结果表明, 随着NiO在SBA-15上分散度的提高, 催化剂的抗还原性增强, ODHP活性氧物种O-的含量增加, 进而使1%NO/He气氛中焙烧的NiO/SBA-15-NO在较宽的温度范围内(350-450 ℃)均具有良好的丙烯选择性, 并显著提高了催化剂的低温活性.     

相转移有机前驱体BiOAc0.6Br0.2I0.2固溶体合成表面富有氧空位的棒状S型 Bi4O5I2/Bi4O5Br2异质结

近年来,卤氧铋(BiOX,X=Cl,Br,I)作为多功能半导体光催化材料,因其具有独特的层状结构和电子结构,吸引了广泛关注.然而,相对低的导带(CB)和高的价带(VB)位置导致其氧化还原能力弱,从而限制了其实际应用.研究表明,通过富铋策略调控BiOX中元素化学计量比,可以实现对其能带结构的可控调控.尽管富铋半导体材料被视为有效的可见光光催化剂的候选材料之一,但是单一组分的富铋光催化剂不利于光生载流子的分离和迁移.具有匹配能带结构的富铋基复合光催化剂的构建已被证实可以加速光生电子-空穴对的分离和迁移.与传统的Ⅱ型异质结构相比,S型异质结既可以有效地分离光生载流子,又可以增强其氧化还原能力.如果双富铋基半导体之间能形成S型异质结,不仅可以拓展可见光响应,而且还可以增强光生电荷的氧化还原能力.基于Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂的匹配能带,制备具有强氧化还原能力的S型Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂异质结是可行的.除了电子结构外,表面缺陷的引入也对改善光催化性能起到了重要作用.氧空位(OVs)作为一种典型的缺陷,可以捕获电子来抑制光诱导载流子的复合,并加速这些捕获载流子向吸附剂的转移.此外,它们还可以充当有机污染物和分子氧的吸附位点,促进吸附和降解效率.目前,光催化材料中OVs的形成通常需要复杂、苛刻的条件,如高温、高压、惰性或还原气氛处理等,因此寻找简便有效的方法生成OVs仍然具有挑战性.此外,在无惰性或还原气氛下对有机前驱体进行热处理被认为是形成OVs的有效方法.鉴于此,本文通过低温煅烧二维纳米片有机前驱体BiOAc_0.6Br_0.2I_0.2(Ac-=CH3COO-)固溶体,成功合成了表面富有氧空位的一维纳米棒状的S型Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂异质结(Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂-OV).X射线衍射、高分辨率透射电子显微镜电子顺磁共振以及X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)等结果均证实了表面氧空位的存在.同时,根据吸收光谱图和肖特基曲线计算出Bi₄O₅I₂和Bi₄O₅Br₂的能带结构,而且通过XPS价带谱进一步证实了所计算的价带的可靠性.根据捕获剂实验、氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)转移以及对苯二甲酸荧光均证实了h+、·OH和·O2-是参与光催化降解的主要活性物种.再结合上述能带结构以及活性物种的类型推断出光生载流子的迁移方式将遵循S型机制,而不是传统的II型异质结.而且,通过光电流、阻抗和稳态荧光均证实了表面OVs和S型异质结的协同效应,有利于提高Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂-OV的光生电子空穴对的分离效率,并延长其寿命,从而有效地提高其光催化性能.在可见光照射下,OVs和S型异质结的协同效应赋予Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂-OV显著的可见光光催化性能,对抗生素四环素和染料罗丹明B的去除率分别高达90.2%和97.0%,均高于Bi₄O₅I₂(56.8%和71.8%)、Bi₄O₅Br₂(47.4%和68.4%)、固溶体BiOAc_0.6Br_0.2I_0.2(67.0%和84.0%)以及表面具有低氧空位浓度的Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂-P(30.6%和40.4%).此外,在实际废水或电解质存在下,S型Bi₄O₅I₂/Bi₄O₅Br₂-OV异质结仍呈现出优异的光催化性能.本文不仅为OVs修饰的富铋基异质结的设计提供了有效策略,也为界面载流子的分离和迁移提供了切实可行的途径.     

Co(OH)2/Ni(OH)2复合电极材料制备及其超级电容性质

以Co(NO_3)_2·6H_2O和Ni(NO_3)_2·6H_2O为钴源和镍源,采用溶剂热法一步合成了Co(OH)_2/Ni(OH)_2复合材料,通过煅烧该复合材料可得到NiCo_2O_4。采用XRD、SEM、BET等对材料进行了表征,结果表明,Co(OH)_2/Ni(OH)_2复合材料是薄片组成的花状形貌,比表面积为37. 48m~2/g。电化学性能测试表明,Co(OH)_2/Ni(OH)_2复合材料比NiCo_2O_4具有更高的比电容值和容量保持率。在0. 5A/g的电流密度下,复合材料比电容值可达到1097. 8F/g,而NiCo_2O_4比电容值仅为86. 1F/g。因此,与煅烧后的NiCo_2O_4材料相比,Co(OH)_2/Ni(OH)_2复合材料具有更加优良的电化学性能,这为高性能超级电容器材料的制备提供了一个新思路。     

SnO_(2)/ITO光电化学电极制备及性能研究EI北大核心CSCD

采用商品化氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃、纳米SnO_(2)水胶体分散液,通过旋涂法制备了高性能SnO_(2)/ITO电极,考察了SnO_(2)旋涂浓度、旋涂量、Triton X-100浓度、煅烧温度对SnO_(2)/ITO电极性能的影响,并优化了缓冲体系、pH、浓度及偏压条件。结果表明,当SnO_(2)水胶体分散液浓度15%、Triton X-100浓度0.01%、煅烧温度450℃时,制备的SnO_(2)/ITO电极具有较高的热稳定性和光电化学性能;草酸-草酸钠缓冲体系有利于光电流的产生,当草酸浓度为30 mmol/L(pH 6.0)、偏压为0.5 V时,可以产生较高的稳态光电流信号,以Ru(bpy)_(2)(dppz)^(2+)为光电化学信号探针,检测限为10 nmol/L。考察了ITO电极的性能差异性,同一批次及不同批次之间的光电流信号一致性相对标准偏差(RSD)在3.9%~5.6%之间。