具焙烧服役史钛白粉对新制脱硝催化剂活性影响机制研究

市场上废剂回收再生钛白粉以及催化剂生产企业产生的废料逐渐成为两类广泛使用的廉价钛白粉来源以降低成本。为探究两类具有焙烧服役史物料回用制备新催化剂的可能性及其对催化剂性能影响的微观作用机制,本工作将两类料按不同比例混掺制备出新催化剂样品,进行了脱硝活性测试。并结合拉曼光谱（Raman）、NH3程序升温脱附（NH3-TPD）、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、原位红外（in situ-FTIR）等手段对催化剂进行分析,探究焙烧服役史对催化剂活性的潜在影响。结果表明：具有焙烧服役史钛白粉混掺量过高则成品活性有所下降,性能下降与比表面积变化、酸性位点等均无密切联系,其根本原因是混掺料残存V2O5发生了过烧团聚,由单分散向结晶态转变,氧化还原性得到一定程度损失。在酸性无显著变化前提下,由于氧化还原受影响,从而抑制了其活性。这启示了未来应用具有焙烧服役史物料,除了考虑比表面积影响,还应着重考虑V物种高温服役烧结带来的氧化还原性能损失。     

Novel synthesis of Z-scheme α-Bi2O3/g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst and its enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance: Influence of calcination temperature

In this study, α-Bi₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite with direct Z-scheme was successfully prepared through calcination of BiOCOOH/g-C₃N₄ precursor at different temperature. Meanwhile, the effect of calcination temperature on the physicochemical properties of α-Bi₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ was studied. All results confirmed that calcination temperature greatly influences structural, morphology, surface states, photoelectrochemical property and photocatalytic (PC) performance of α-Bi₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ composite. Furthermore, the α-Bi₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ composite was applied as photocatalyst to degrade amido black 10B dye under visible light irradiation. It was found that the composite synthesized at 400 °C exhibited the highest PC performance due to the intense visible light absorbance and high separation efficiency of electron and hole pairs. Besides, the possible PC mechanism was proposed that the photo-generated charge carrier migration in α-Bi₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst followed a Z-scheme structure. Finally, the stability test also manifest that the α-Bi₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ composite photocatalyst has good stability and reusability, which was a promising candidate for wastewater treatment.     

焙烧温度对锂离子电池正极材料Li2MnSiO4/C 电化学性能的影响

采用液相法合成了Li₂MnSiO₄/C复合正极材料,并研究了不同焙烧温度对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能的影响.利用热重（TG）分析了材料前驱体的热行为,确定了合成Li₂MnSiO₄/C复合正极材料的焙烧温度范围为600-800℃.X射线衍射（XRD）测试结果表明,不同温度下合成的样品材料均具有正交结构,且空间群为Pmn2₁,同时利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对所得样品材料的微观形貌及颗粒大小进行了表征.将所得Li₂MnSiO₄/C复合正极材料组装成扣式电池,并在不同的电流密度下进行充放电测试,结果表明:700℃合成的样品材料电化学性能最佳,具有较高的库仑效率及很好的循环稳定性.     

High vis-light photocatalytic property of g-C3N4 on four pollutants (RhB,MB, TC-HCl and P-Nitrophenol)

The g-C₃N₄ nanosheets were synthesized by a multistage program calcination with different heating rate, which was an easy, low-cost, and quick method. The morphology and structure of samples were characterized by various techniques. The performance evaluation of the samples was tested by degrading Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue, Tetracycline Hydrochloride and P-Nitrophenol in visible light. The results show that the photodegradation properties of TP-g-C₃N₄ prepared by multistage program calcination are the best than others. In particular, the degradation rate of TP-g-C₃N₄ to Rhodamine B reached 99.6% in just 4 min. TP-g-C₃N₄ catalyst has excellent stability and recycling performance. According to free radical capture experiments, •O₂⁻ may be the main active species for pollutant degradation. The possible photocatalytic degradation mechanism was also discussed. Due to the high specific surface area and a narrow band gap, the TP-g-C₃N₄ becomes a promising photocatalyst.     

载体焙烧温度对Rh-Mn-Li/SBA-15催化CO加氢性能的影响

SBA-15分别于550、700、800和900℃进行焙烧,然后以等体积共浸渍法将Rh、Mn和Li负载其上。催化剂的性能用CO加氢反应进行评价。催化剂分别用N₂物理吸附、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、H₂化学吸附和傅里叶变换红外光谱进行表征。即使在900℃下进行焙烧,SBA-15的结构仍得到保持。但是,当焙烧温度从550℃升高到900℃,SBA-15的比表面积、孔径和总孔容分别从842.6 m²·g^-1、9.57 nm和1.18 cm³·g^-1降到246.4 m²·g^-1、5.62 nm和0.34 cm³·g^-1。此外,Rh颗粒的尺寸都在1.5-4.0 nm范围内,并且随着载体的焙烧温度增加而增加。另外,Rh颗粒更倾向位于高温焙烧载体的介孔内,这可能是因为经过高温焙烧,载体微孔下降。所以,H₂和CO更易与负载在高温焙烧后的载体上的Rh颗粒接触。因此,当载体焙烧温度达到900℃时,Rh-Mn-Li/SBA-15催化剂有非常高的C₂₊含氧化合物的活性和选择性。     

Effect of Support Calcination Temperature on Ag Structure and Catalytic Activity for CO Oxidation

SiO₂ with different nanostructures, namely hexagonal mesoporous silica(HMS), and three unordered commercial silica, were used as supports to fabricate silver catalysts using an incipient wetness impregnation method. It was found that Ag/HMS catalyst showed a high catalytic activity. Next, the HMS support was calcined at different temperatures before impregnation of AgNO₃. The effect of calcination temperature of HMS support was investigated in terms of structure and catalytic activity of Ag catalysts. The support and catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms, Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analyzer, X-ray diffraction, H₂-temperature program reduction and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that calcination of HMS at an appro- priate temperature(750℃) before catalyst preparation would benefit the formation of highly dispersive small sized Ag particles on the HMS support and markedly enhance the catalytic activity of Ag/HMS catalyst toward CO oxidation.     

Effect of Calcination Temperature on La-Modified Al2O3 Catalysts for Vapor Phase Hydrofluorination of Acetylene to Vinyl Fluoride

A La-modified Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared with deposition-precipitation method. The effect of calcination temperature on the reactivity for vapor phase hydrofluorination of acetylene to vinyl fluoride. The catalysts calcined at different temperatures were characterized using NH₃-TPD, pyridine-FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and Raman techniques. It was found that the calcination process could not only change the structure of these catalysts but also modify the amount of surface acidity on the catalysts. The catalyst calcined at 400 oC exhibited the highest conversion of acetylene (94.6%) and highest selectivity to vinyl fluoride (83.4%) and lower coke deposition selectivity (0.72%). The highest activity was related to the largest amount of surface acidity on the catalyst, and the coke deposition was also related to the total amount of surface acidic sites.     

焙烧温度对稀土钴系复合氧化物催化剂结构与性能的影响

采用X光衍射（XRD），程序升温还原（TPR），程序升温脱附（TPD），付立叶红外光谱（FT－IR），二甲苯完全氧化活性测定等方法，对3种焙烧温度下所制备的稀土钴系复合氧化物催化剂进行了结构和性能表征，结果表明，随着焙烧温度的升高，钙钛矿型LaCoO3晶体逐渐发育完善，H2－TRP谱的高温还原峰面积和峰温逐渐上升，而低温还原峰面积和峰温逐渐减少，与此同时，O2－TPD谱中600℃附近的高温脱附峰逐渐增大，600℃以下低温脱附峰逐渐降低，稀土钴系复合氧化物催化剂的二甲苯完全氧化活性及导电性无有所改善。     

Effect of calcination conditions on MoO3/SiO2 catalysts for synthesis of methylphenyl carbonate

The effect of calcination conditions on MoO₃/SiO₂ catalysts for the synthesis of methylphenyl carbonate was investigated in terms of catalytic activities and surface properties. The calcination temperature was varied in the range of 300 to 800^oC. These calcination conditions have shown a close relationship with the catalyst activities. The optimal calcination temperature of MoO₃/SiO₂was found to be around 550-600^oC. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR and XPS analysis.     

Photoluminescence and photoactivity of titania particles prepared by the sol–gel technique: effect of calcination temperature

The photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of anatase titania particles prepared by the sol–gel method were investigated and correlated to their photocatalytic behavior with respect to the change of calcination temperature. It was found that the photoluminescence intensity measured at 77 K was gradually increased by increasing the calcination temperature due to the reduction of the internal defects which are responsible for the radiationless recombination of photoexcited electron/hole pairs. Also, the calcination temperature was found to influence the maximum peak position (λ) of the photoluminescence spectra of titania. That is, a blue shift of the photoluminescence spectrum occurs as a consequence of the enlargement of the energy-gap between the lowest excited state and the ground state of titania as increasing the calcination temperature. The quenching behavior of the photoluminescence at 77 K was monitored by in situ supplying oxygen at 77 K in order to investigate what happened to the surface of titania by the calcination. The quenching intensity was monotonically increased with increasing the calcinations temperature. Based on the above results, we concluded that the calcination of titania at higher temperature produces more surface-active sites easily reacting with oxygen molecules as well as improving the crystallinity of anatase phase. Consequently, higher temperature heat treatment of anatase titania particles makes it possible to get higher photoactivity as long as no significant rutile phase is formed.