乙二胺导向合成的微孔晶体磷酸钴的转化现象

以乙二胺为模板剂(SDA)合成微孔晶体磷酸钴, 可以得到多种不同的结构. 本文在合成四种不同结构类型的微孔磷酸钴(命名为CoPO-en-1, CoPO-en-2, CoPO-en-3, CoPO-en-4, en 为乙二胺的英文缩写)过程中发现, 它们之间不仅可以在水热合成条件下相互转化, 在焙烧处理条件下也能实现转化. 研究发现, 在水热合成过程中, CoPO-en-2、CoPO-en-4 分别是CoPO-en-1、CoPO-en-3 的晶化中间物, 在较低晶化温度下或者较高温度的晶化初期, 可以发现它们的身影. 一旦晶化温度升高或者晶化时间延长, 它们就分别转化为CoPO-en-1和CoPO-en-3. 在合成产物的热处理过程中发现: CoPO-en-2、CoPO-en-3、CoPO-en-4 都能够通过焙烧转化为CoPO-en-1. 这种现象表明, 几种微孔磷酸钴结构间的稳定性存在递变关系.     

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic diphase ZnFe(2)O(4) /γ-Fe(2)O(3) electrospun fibers

Magnetic nanofibers of ZnFe₂O₄/γ-Fe₂O₃ composite were synthesized by electrospinning from a sol-gel solution containing a molar ratio (Fe/Zn) of 3. The effects of the calcination temperature on phase composition, particle size and magnetic properties have been investigated. Zinc ferrite fibers were obtained by calcinating the electrospun fibers in air from 300 to 800 °C and characterized by thermogravimetric analyses, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibration sample magnetometry and magnetic force microscopy. The resulting fibers, with diameters ranging from 90 to 150 nm, were ferrimagnetic with high saturation magnetization as compared to bulk. An increase in the calcination temperature resulted in an increase in particle size and saturation magnetization. The observed increase in saturation magnetization was most likely due to the formation and growth of ZnFe₂O₄/γ-Fe₂O₃ diphase crystals. The highest saturation magnetization (45 emu/g) was obtained for fibers calcined at 800 °C.     

Modification of egg shell and its application in biodiesel production

Egg shells were subjected to calcination–hydration–dehydration treatment to obtain CaO with high activity. The performance of CaO obtained from the calcination–hydration–dehydration treatment of egg shell and commercial CaO was tested for its catalytic activity via transesterification of waste frying oil (WFO). The results showed that the methyl ester conversion was 67.57% for commercial CaO and it was 94.52% for CaO obtained from the calcination–hydration–dehydration treatment of egg shell at a 5 wt% catalyst (based on oil weight), a methanol to oil ratio of 12:1, a reaction temperature of 65 °C and a reaction time of 1 h. The biodiesel conversion was determined by ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (¹H NMR).     

在Ti系钙钛矿型混合氧化物催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联──焙烧温度的影响

探讨了焙烧温度对钙钛矿型复合氧化物ＬａＴｉ１－ｙＬｉｙＯ３－λ（０≤ｙ＜１）为主要物相的ＬｉＬａ０．５Ｔｉ０．５Ｏ２＋λ催化剂的结构及甲烷氧化偶联反应活性的影响机制，用ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＸＰＳ和ＢＥＴ等方法对催化剂进行表征。结果表明，焙烧温度对催化剂的ＯＣＭ反应活性的影响是双重的。提高焙烧温度有利于Ｌｉ＋进入ＬａＴｉＯ３晶格（或间隙）产生更多数量的氧空位，进而产生更多的活性氧种，有利于ＯＣＭ反应的进行，但过高的焙烧温度又使催化剂的结构（或物相）发生变化，因而使Ｌｉ＋的取代量、比表面积和甲烷转化率均下降。     

焙烧温度对Si-Ba-Cs-P复合氧化物催化剂结构及组成和催化性能的影响

Si-Ba-Cs-P复合氧化物催化的单乙醇胺分子内脱水反应极易受催化剂焙烧温度条件变化影响.催化剂采用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)及氮吸附等技术进行表征.在550℃焙烧处理的催化剂,虽然单乙醇胺完全转化,但产品乙烯亚胺选择性却不到10%,催化剂中的物相组成主要为CsBa2(PO3)5晶相及Cs4Ba(PO3)6晶相,孔结构主要为介孔;在700~900℃焙烧处理的催化剂,催化剂酸性及BET比表面积明显下降,催化剂中的物相组成主要为α-Cs4P2O7晶相,孔径逐渐减小,虽然单乙醇胺转化率稍有下降,但产品乙烯亚胺选择性却有很大提高.当焙烧温度为800~900℃时,可在保证单乙醇胺转化率大于80%的前提下,得到高于76%的乙烯亚胺选择性.     

Influence of Calcination Temperature on Properties of Au/Fe2O3 Catalysts for Low Temperature Water Gas Shift Reaction

A series of Au/Fe₂O₃ catalysts for the water gas shift (WGS) reaction were prepared by modified deposition-precipitation method. The sample calcined at 300 °C showed higher catalytic activity and better stability than other samples. Using N₂ physisorption, in situ XRD, H₂-TPR, and XPS techniques, the influence of calcination temperature on properties of Au/Fe₂O₃ catalyst was explored, and the cause of deactivation was analyzed as well. The results showed that the catalytic behaviors were related to the interaction between Au and Fe₂O₃, and the reductive property of support, both of which were significantly affected by calcination temperature. Furthermore, according to the results of XPS, although stable carbonate and carbonyl surface species were found on the spent catalysts, the semiquantitative analysis of these species indicated that they were not the main cause of the deactivation. In fact, the deactivation of Au/Fe₂O₃ was sensitive to the structure change of support. During the water gas shift reaction, Fe₃O₄ particle would aggregate and crystallize leading to increase in the crystallinity of support and a significant reduction in the surface area of the catalysts, which resulted in the deactivation of Au/Fe₂O₃.     

High adsorption capacity of two Zn-based metal–organic frameworks by ultrasound assisted synthesis

Micro- and nano-rods and plates of two 3D, porous Zn(II)-based metal–organic frameworks [Zn(oba)(4-bpdh)_0.5]_n·(DMF)_1.5 (TMU-5) and [Zn(oba)(4-bpmb)_0.5]_n (DMF)_1.5 (TMU-6) were prepared by sonochemical process and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and IR spectroscopy. These MOFs were synthesized using a non-linear dicarboxylate (H₂oba = 4,4-oxybisbenzoic acid) and two linear N-donor (4-bpdh = 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-3,4-diaza-2,4-hexadiene and 4-bpmb = N¹,N⁴-bis((pyridin-4-yl)methylene)benzene-1,4-diamine) ligands by ultrasonic irradiation. Sonication time and concentration of initial reagents influencing size and morphology of nano-structured MOFs, were also studied. Calcination of TMU-5 and TMU-6 at 550 °C under air atmosphere yields ZnO nanoparticles. TMU-5 and TMU-6 exhibited maximum percent adsorption of 96.2% and 92.8% of 100 ppm rhodamine B dye, respectively, which obeys first order reaction kinetics.     

制备温度对(Mg1-x-yBaxSry)1.95SiO4∶0.05Eu 荧光粉三元相图及色像图的影响研究

采用高温固相法分别在1 150,1 200和1 250 ℃制备(Mg_1-x-yBa_xSr_y)_1.95SiO₄∶0.05Eu荧光粉系列样品,通过XRD、PL和紫外发光照相记录,建立起组分-物相-色像对应关系,推导得到其三元色像图,并探讨制备温度对物相及色像影响。物相分析表明：(Mg_1-x-yBa_xSr_y)_1.95SiO₄∶0.05Eu荧光粉物相组成与组分间存在渐变性,从单组分点出发物相组成数目逐渐增多且各物相含量连续变化,在富Ba2+端形成Ba₂SiO₄相单相区;随着温度升高,Ba₂SiO₄单相区扩大(Mg2+(Sr2+)在1 150,1 200和1 250 ℃固溶度为20_at%(30_at%),30_at%(35_at%), 35_at%(40_at%)),混合相区同一组分点物相组元数减少(若该组分点包含α-Sr₂SiO₄和Ba₂SiO₄相则其含量增加)。光谱分析表明：同一样品在365 nm激发下比254 nm激发下绿光波段荧光发射强但红光光波段发射弱;荧光颜色和亮度也随组分、相组成呈渐变性,Ba₂SiO₄单相区为绿色荧光且随Sr2+和Mg2+固溶荧光亮度提高,在混合相区随着Ba2+含量减少荧光颜色由绿变红,红光区域随着Mg2+减少亮度逐渐减弱[如：(Mg_1-ySr_y)₂SiO₄∶Eu系列随y增大由亮红变成暗红];随着温度升高,Ba₂SiO₄单相区内荧光粉亮度整体提高且最亮荧光粉组分中Mg2+和Sr2+固溶度提高;混合相区荧光强度整体提高,且绿色荧光粉组分区域增大(如：在254 nm激发下,(Mg_1-xBa_x)_1.95SiO₄∶0.05Eu系列由红色变成绿色时x_{1 150 ℃}=0.5,x_{1 200 ℃}=0.4,x_{1 250 ℃}=0.3,(Ba_1-ySr_y)_1.95SiO₄∶0.05Eu系列由绿色变成红色时y_{1 150 ℃}=0.6,y_{1 200℃}=0.7,y_{1 250 ℃}=0.8,(Ba_x(Mg_0.2Sr_0.8)_1-x)_1.95SiO₄∶0.05Eu系列由红色变成绿色时x_{1 150 ℃}=0.5,x_{1 200 ℃}=0.4,x_{1 250 ℃}=0.3)。研究建立了(Mg_1-x-yBa_xSr_y)_1.95SiO₄∶0.05Eu粉体组分-结构(相)-制备(温度)-性能(荧光)对应关系;优选出(Mg_0.35Ba_0.6Sr_0.05)_1.95SiO₄∶0.05Eu/(Mg_0.6Sr_0.4)_1.95SiO₄∶0.05Eu等高效绿色/红色荧光粉;发现单相比混合相绿色荧光粉亮度高,固溶度提高有利于Ba₂SiO₄单相绿色荧光粉效率的提高;温度提高扩大了Ba₂SiO₄单相荧光粉、混合相区绿色荧光粉区域,且提高(Mg_1-x-yBa_xSr_y)_1.95SiO₄∶0.05Eu荧光粉整体亮度。由(Mg_1-x-yBa_xSr_y)_1.95SiO₄∶0.05Eu系列荧光粉得出的色像随组分、温度渐变规律可应用于其他组元荧光粉优选,对新发光材料的系统开发具有一定指导意义。     

稀土Ce掺杂对ZnO结构和光催化性能的影响

采用共沉淀-焙烧法合成了一系列不同含量的稀土Ce掺杂的ZnO光催化剂. 利用傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱、光致发光(PL)谱等技术对所制备的光催化剂进行了系列表征. 以酸性橙II脱色降解为模型反应, 考察了掺杂不同含量的铈及不同焙烧温度对ZnO的物理结构和光催化脱色性能的影响. 结果表明: 掺入质量分数(w)为2%的铈可以明显改善氧化锌表面状态, 有利于产生更多的表面羟基; 同时可以抑制光生电子与光生空穴(e^-/h⁺)的复合, 显著提高光催化脱色活性和光催化稳定性; 焙烧温度对光催化剂的晶体结构、表面性能和光催化活性产生较大影响, 500 °C的焙烧处理使样品的结晶度较高, 同时催化剂颗粒粒径较细, 表面具有丰富的羟基. 但过高的焙烧温度(600-800 °C)将导致催化剂的物理结构发生恶化, 降低光催化性能.     

具焙烧服役史钛白粉对新制脱硝催化剂活性影响机制研究

市场上废剂回收再生钛白粉以及催化剂生产企业产生的废料逐渐成为两类广泛使用的廉价钛白粉来源以降低成本。为探究两类具有焙烧服役史物料回用制备新催化剂的可能性及其对催化剂性能影响的微观作用机制,本工作将两类料按不同比例混掺制备出新催化剂样品,进行了脱硝活性测试。并结合拉曼光谱（Raman）、NH3程序升温脱附（NH3-TPD）、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、原位红外（in situ-FTIR）等手段对催化剂进行分析,探究焙烧服役史对催化剂活性的潜在影响。结果表明：具有焙烧服役史钛白粉混掺量过高则成品活性有所下降,性能下降与比表面积变化、酸性位点等均无密切联系,其根本原因是混掺料残存V2O5发生了过烧团聚,由单分散向结晶态转变,氧化还原性得到一定程度损失。在酸性无显著变化前提下,由于氧化还原受影响,从而抑制了其活性。这启示了未来应用具有焙烧服役史物料,除了考虑比表面积影响,还应着重考虑V物种高温服役烧结带来的氧化还原性能损失。