Equations describing lamellar structure parameters and melting points of polyethylene-<Emphasis Type="Italic">co</Emphasis>-(butene/octene)s

Time- and temperature-dependent SAXS-experiments were used to determine the effect of octene and butene co-units on the lamellar structure and the melting properties of polyethylene. As expected, melting points decrease with increasing co-unit content, but crystal thicknesses are not affected and depend on the crystallization temperature only. Results can be cast into some simple equations which describe the dependence:

用~(13)C NMR弛豫研究星形聚苯乙烯在溶液中的分子运动(Ⅱ)

对不同支化度和不同支链链长的20％(W/V)星形聚苯乙烯溶液测定了~(13)C NMR弛豫参数,用1g-x~2分布、Cole-Cole分布和构象跳跃模型对主链的分子运动进行了分析讨论,并对芳环侧基的内旋转运动也进行了分析,求出了活化能和跳跃速率。结果表明,轻度化学交联对相关时间分布有一定影响,对链段运动的势垒没有明显影响。支链链长对~(13)C NMR弛豫的影响和对线形聚合物的影响是类似的。     

Enantioseparation of chiral N-imidazole derivatives by electrokinetic chromatography using highly sulfated cyclodextrins: mechanism of enantioselective recognition

Baseline separation of ten new substituted [1-(imidazo-1-yl)-1-phenylmethyl)] benzothiazolinone and benzoxazolinone derivatives, with one chiral center, was achieved by CD-EKC using highly sulfated CDs (alpha, beta, gamma highly S-CDs) as chiral selectors. The influence of the type and concentration of the chiral selectors on the enantioseparations was investigated. The highly S-CDs exhibit a very high enantioselectivity power since they allow excellent enantiomeric resolutions compared to those obtained with the neutral CDs. The enantiomers were resolved with analysis times inferior to 2.5 min and resolution factors R(s) of 3.73, 3.90, 1.40, and 4.35 for compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5, respectively, using 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 containing either highly S-alpha-CD, highly S-beta-CD, and highly S-gamma-CD (3 or 4% w/v) at 298 K, with an applied field of 0.30 kV/cm. The determination of the enantiomer migration order for the various analytes and the study of the analyte structure-enantioseparation relationships display the high contribution of the interactions between the analytes phenyl ring and the CDs to the enantiorecognition process. The thermodynamic study of the analyte-CD affinities permits us to improve our knowledge about the enantioseparation mechanism.     

Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters of the Thermal Decomposition of Some Metal Complexes of 4‐Benzamido‐3‐Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives

The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters such as reaction order, activation energy, enthalpy, free energy and entropy change related to the thermal decomposition of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) hydrazone complexes of 4‐benzamido‐1‐(4‐actylpyridine)‐3‐thiosemicarbazone (BACPT) and 4‐benzamido‐1‐(pyridine‐3‐aldehye)‐3‐thiosemicarb‐azone (BAPT) were evaluated from differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves using Thomas‐Clarke's method. The thermal stability of these complexes are discussed in relation to the nature of the metalion and of the ligand present. A suitable mechanism for the thermal decomposition process of the complexes based on the data of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was suggested.     

Optimization of tetramethoxysilane-derived sol gel entrapment protocol stabilizes highly active chlorophyllase

Entrapment of membrane proteins is a challenging task compared to that involving soluble proteins. Chlorophyllase, a membrane protein, was successfully entrapped in tetramethoxysilane-derived sol-gel. Pre-gel sol typically consists of an aqueous suspension of chlorophyllase, precursors including tetramethoxysilane and/or methytrimethoxysilane, and sodium fluoride as catalyst. To obtain a highly active entrapped enzyme preparation, the effects of various immobilization parameters, including the chemical compositions of pre-gel sol (water/silane ratio, precursor type and proportions, enzyme loading, sodium fluoride concentration), and sol-gel process parameters (aging and drying time and approach) have been investigated. Chlorophyllase demonstrated the highest activity in gel derived from a pre-gel sol with water/silane ratio of 30 and enzyme loading of 0.257 mg_protein/g_gel, and showed moderately lower activity in organically modified sol-gel than that in hydrophilic sol-gel. The effects of water/silane ratio and precursor combinations on the activity of entrapped chlorophyllase were also studied by examining the pore morphology of gel via nitrogen adsorption-desorption. Longer aging time leads to an entrapped chlorophyllase preparation with higher activity. Chlorophyllase preparation demonstrated negligible activity after air-drying for 12 h while lyophilized chlorophyllase preparation demonstrated 8, 4 and 4 times higher activity than air-dried, vacuum-dried and solvent-dried preparations. Chlorophyllase demonstrated 30% higher activity in the improved sol-gel protocol than that from a non-optimized sol-gel protocol developed in a previous study.     

The role of electric interactions in the retention index concept; Implications in quantitative structure-retention studies

Summary A new equation is derived relating the retention index to the molecular polarizabilities, ionization potentials and permanent dipole moments of the stationary phase and the solute.Various implications of this equation to quantitative structure-retention relationships are discussed.     

Influence of substrate and product concentrations on the production of cyclodextrins by CGTase of Bacillus firmus,strain no. 37

The influence of substrate or product level on the initial velocity of cyclodextrin (CD) production by cyclodextringlycosyltransferase from a Brazilian isolate of Bacillus firmus was studied. Our results indicate that the product γ-CD is a stronger inhibitor to the reaction than β-CD. Small saccharides could also inhibit CD production, although to a lesser extent than the products, and maltose was the strongest inhibitor among small saccharides. Increasing substrate concentration resulted in greater reduction on enzyme activity for the formation of β-CD than for γ-CD. We modeled the kinetics of CD production with a set of four reversible reactions including the cyclization/coupling reaction that forms/opens CDs, and three disproportionation reactions. Our model on the initial velocity data explained well the substrate inhibition phenomenon. Kinetic parameters were determined by fitting the initial velocity data into our model.     

咪唑类化合物-CuCl络合催化剂在甲醇氧化羰基化反应中的催化性能

研究了咪唑及其衍生物配合CuCl对甲醇液相氧化羰化合成碳酸二甲酯的催化性能。筛选出溶解性好、腐蚀性小且催化活性高的多功能助催剂。实验结果表明，反应体系中加入N-甲基咪唑后，CuCl可以完全溶解。当催化剂的浓度为0.2 mol/L, N-甲基咪唑与CuCl的量为4∶1，反应温度为120 ℃，反应压力为2.40 MPa，CO与O2的进气比2∶1，反应3 h的条件下甲醇的摩尔转化率为15.4%，选择性为98%以上。从腐蚀性试验结果看，50 ℃时，加入N-甲基咪唑化合物后，Q235钢在CuCl/CH3OH/H2O/CO/O2体系中的腐蚀速率为0.22mm/a，缓蚀效率为94.5%。动力学研究表明，反应近似为一级，加入N-甲基咪唑后，反应速率常数为0.15 min－1。     

Error Levels of Different Methods of Evaluation of TG Measurements

It follows from an analysis of the error levels of TG evaluation methods that it is a conceptual error to disregard the analogies of mass, energy and momentum streams of subordinate partial processes. This error is bypassed by means of the introduced method of dimensionless analysis and by determining the characteristic, constants-like data of thermal processes by using the measured data directly. These methods are very suitable for increasing the consistency of the calculated results by seeking for similarity, even in comparisons of measurements made under very different conditions and for emphasizing the differences too, quantitatively. With this new interpretation of TG processes, the idea of the kinetic compensation effect becomes only a consequence of the discussed conceptual error. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Activation thermodynamic parameters of binary mixtures of propionic acid ando-substituted anilines

Variations of densities and viscosities with temperature and composition are reported for binary liquid mixtures containing propionic acid+aniline (I),+o-toluidine (II),+o-anisidine (III), and+o-chloroaniline (IV). Entropies S _m and enthalpies H _m of activation as functions of the composition of the mixtures, as well as free energies of activation G _m at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50°C and different compositions were calculated by means of Eyring's equation. The formation of activated complexes between the components of these binary mixtures is postulated and claimed to result from acid-base and hydrogen bonding exchange interactions.