基于Pd/COF-LZU1非标记型C-反应蛋白免疫传感器的研制

采用溶剂热法, 通过有机单体合成了一种亚胺键连接的共价有机框架材料(COF-LZU1); 在常温常压条件下, 通过后合成的方法将贵金属钯(Ⅱ)引入到COF材料中, 合成了复合材料Pd/COF-LZU1, 该材料具有优良的催化性能. 利用Pd/COF-LZU1多孔复合材料将C-反应蛋白(CRP)抗体(anti-CRP)固定在玻碳电极表面, 构建了一种非标记型CRP免疫传感器. 当抗体与抗原发生免疫反应时, 形成的免疫复合物会阻碍电化学探针[Fe(CN)₆]^4-/3-的电子传递, 降低其响应电流, 从而实现CRP的快速检测. 采用交流阻抗和差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)考察了免疫传感器的电化学特性, 同时考察了测试底液的pH值、 抗原培育时间和抗体固定浓度等实验条件对传感器性能的影响. 在最优的实验条件下, 采用DPV法对CRP进行检测的线性范围为5~180 ng/mL, 检出限为1.66 ng/mL, 线性相关系数为0.992.     

NLR、hs-CRP、MPV与肥胖、非肥胖型PCOS的关系

目的探究中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、血小板平均体积（MPV）与肥胖、非肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的关系。方法对112例PCOS患者（肥胖型68例,非肥胖型44例）和年龄、BMI配对的90例健康体检女性（健康对照组肥胖型47例,非肥胖型43例）,检测并比较两组及亚组之间MPV、NLR、hs-CRP、生殖内分泌激素及代谢指标。结果PCOS组血清空腹血糖水平（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、稳态胰岛素评价指数（HOMA-IR）、NLR、hs-CRP、MPV水平均明显高于健康对照组（均P＜0.05）。肥胖型PCOS组NLR、hs-CRP、MPV高于肥胖型健康对照组（均P＜0.05）。肥胖型PCOS组NLR、hs-CRP、MPV均高于非肥胖型PCOS组（均P＜0.05）。NLR、hs-CRP、MPV的AUC及95%CI分别为0.819（0.763~0.903）、0.982（0.959~1.000）、0.906（0.848~965）。结论肥胖型PCOS患者血清NLR、hs-CRP、MPV水平明显升高,这些指标的变化对肥胖型PCOS代谢异常有较强的诊断价值。     

Recent advances in controlled/living radical polymerization in emulsion and dispersion

Effective ways to conduct controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) in emulsion systems are necessary for commercial latex production without significant modification of current industrial facilities. Conducting CRP in emulsion media is more complicated and more challenging than its application in homogeneous bulk. These challenges come from the intrinsic kinetics of emulsion polymerization. They include mass transport, slow chain growth mechanism, and exit of short radicals from polymeric particles. This review describes the recent developments of CRP in heterogeneous dispersion, including miniemulsion, microemulsion, dispersion, and especially emulsion. Various approaches for conducting emulsion CRP are detailed, including controlled seeded emulsion polymerization, nanoprecipitation, use of short oligomers as macroinitiators for in situ block copolymerization, and RAFT‐mediated self‐assembly. In addition many remaining challenges of the current methods barring wide spread industrial application of emulsion CRP are also suggested. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6983–7001, 2008     

Paper-based diagnostic platforms and devices

Paper-based analytical devices have become lately “must have” components in equipment and instrumental designed for point-of-care applications, especially when they are used in tandem with microfluidic platforms. Nowadays, paper-based electrochemical devices (PEDs) represent the first choice in the development of lab-on-a-chip biosensors because of their benefits in biomedical diagnosis in terms of simplicity, affordability, portability, and disposability. Moreover, cellulose is a biodegradable and biocompatible substrate, ideal for building disposable devices for use in remote locations or low-resource settings. Despite their low costs and simplicity, PEDs must face a tough challenge—meeting the affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, and deliverable to end users criteria. The latest achievements in microfluidic PEDs for clinical diagnosis will be critically discussed, putting emphasis on innovative assay formats and methods for surface modification.     

Normalization using a tagged-internal standard assay for analysis of antibody arrays and the evaluation of serological biomarkers for liver disease

For minimizing systemic experimental variation in the analysis of antibody array data, we developed a novel median-centered/IgM-tagged-internal standard (TIS) assay normalization using median-centering and TIS assay-based determination of serum IgM concentrations. We evaluated five normalization methods by analyzing correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation for six serum proteins using human serum samples from normal controls (n = 25) and patients with liver cirrhosis (n = 25) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; n = 29). Median-centered normalization improved correlation coefficients, while IgM-based normalizations improved coefficients of variation. The TIS assay was more efficient, economical, and reproducible for determining IgM concentrations than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, we normalized antibody array data for six serum proteins using the median-centered/IgM-TIS assay, and evaluated serum biomarkers through distribution analysis of normalized fluorescence intensities and receiver operating characteristic analyses for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and HCC. Apolipoprotein A-1 and a combination of alpha-fetoprotein and C-reactive protein were determined to be potential serological biomarkers for liver cirrhosis and HCC, respectively. Thus, median-centered/IgM-TIS assay normalization is a useful approach for analyzing antibody array data and evaluating serological biomarkers for the diagnosis of liver disease or cancers.     

“Polymeromics”: Mass spectrometry based strategies in polymer science toward complete sequencing approaches: A review

Mass spectrometry (MS) is the most versatile and comprehensive method in “OMICS” sciences (i.e. in proteomics, genomics, metabolomics and lipidomics). The applications of MS and tandem MS (MS/MS or MSⁿ) provide sequence information of the full complement of biological samples in order to understand the importance of the sequences on their precise and specific functions. Nowadays, the control of polymer sequences and their accurate characterization is one of the significant challenges of current polymer science. Therefore, a similar approach can be very beneficial for characterizing and understanding the complex structures of synthetic macromolecules. MS-based strategies allow a relatively precise examination of polymeric structures (e.g. their molar mass distributions, monomer units, side chain substituents, end-group functionalities, and copolymer compositions). Moreover, tandem MS offer accurate structural information from intricate macromolecular structures; however, it produces vast amount of data to interpret. In “OMICS” sciences, the software application to interpret the obtained data has developed satisfyingly (e.g. in proteomics), because it is not possible to handle the amount of data acquired via (tandem) MS studies on the biological samples manually. It can be expected that special software tools will improve the interpretation of (tandem) MS output from the investigations of synthetic polymers as well. Eventually, the MS/MS field will also open up for polymer scientists who are not MS-specialists. In this review, we dissect the overall framework of the MS and MS/MS analysis of synthetic polymers into its key components. We discuss the fundamentals of polymer analyses as well as recent advances in the areas of tandem mass spectrometry, software developments, and the overall future perspectives on the way to polymer sequencing, one of the last Holy Grail in polymer science.     

与CRP相结合的SAFT在混凝土损伤检测成像中的研究

将传统合成孔径聚焦技术(Synthetic aperture focusing technique,SAFT)与共反射点(Common reflection point,CRP)信号叠加法相结合应用于混凝土损伤检测中,可提高在强噪声环境中拾取缺陷回波信号的能力。本文采用二维有限元仿真验证了该思想的合理性,通过混凝土实验检验了该方法在实际应用中的可行性和有效性。与传统SAFT成像结果相比,应用CRP信号叠加法的SAFT提高了成像横向分辨率和损伤定位精度,为工程应用提供了理论和实验参考。     

基于Au纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯C-反应蛋白免疫传感器的研制

采用还原氧化石墨烯-金纳米颗粒(RGO-Au NPs)作为免疫传感器的固定基质,将C-反应蛋白(CRP)抗体固定在玻碳电极表面,用蒽醌二羧酸作为标记物,制成夹心型的CRP免疫传感器。在最优实验条件下,通过示差脉冲伏安法对CRP的含量进行检测。该传感器在0.25~100 ng/m L范围内具有良好的线性关系,检出限为0.08 ng/m L,线性系数为0.997。该传感器为C-反应蛋白的检测提供了一种新的手段。     

The Application of Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization in Modification of PVDF-based Fluoropolymer

Fluorinated polymers are important materials that are widely used in many areas as taking the advantage of inertness to chemical corrosion, prominent weather resistance, low flammability, and good thermal stability. Poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) based fluoropolymers is the most common type of commercial fluoropolymer especially used as dielectric materials. However, there are always some shortcomings in practical applications, so it is necessary to modify PVDF-based fluoropolymers for better a...     

Nitroxide‐mediated radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate controlled with a minimal amount of 9‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐9H‐carbazole

The controlled nitroxide‐mediated homopolymerization of 9‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐9H‐carbazole (VBK) and the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with varying amounts of VBK were accomplished by using 10 mol % {tert‐butyl[1‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl]amino} nitroxide relative to 2‐({tert‐butyl[1‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl]amino}oxy)‐2‐methylpropionic acid (BlocBuilder?) in dimethylformamide at temperatures from 80 to 125 °C. As little as 1 mol % of VBK in the feed was required to obtain a controlled copolymerization of an MMA/VBK mixture, resulting in a linear increase in molecular weight versus conversion with a narrow molecular weight distribution (M_w /M_n ≈ 1.3). Preferential incorporation of VBK into the copolymer was indicated by the MMA/VBK reactivity ratios determined: r_VBK = 2.7 ± 1.5 and r_MMA = 0.24 ± 0.14. The copolymers were found significantly “living” by performing subsequent chain extensions with a fresh batch of VBK and by ³¹P NMR spectroscopy analysis. VBK was found to be an effective controlling comonomer for NMP of MMA, and such low levels of VBK comonomer ensured transparency in the final copolymer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011