硼烷分子中化学键性质的研究Ⅳ: B~4H~8X及B~4H~8的结构与成键特征

用ab initio MP2/3-21G*方法,对四角锥型硼化物B~4H~8X(X=Li^-,Be,B^+,C^2^+,B^-,C,N^+,BeH^-,BH和CH^+)及其碎片B~4H~8的结构进行了研究。结果表明,在B~4H~8X结构中,端氢(H~t)的位置受顶点帽基X的支配。帽基原子的电负性较小和配位原子轨道的弥散程度较大时,H~t处在B~n环平面下方,与帽基反向。反之,H~t与帽基同向。桥氢(H~b)的位置总是在B~n环平面之下,与X反向。进一步研究了B~4H~8X的离解能,并进行了电子相关能校正。发现结构1和2稳定性较差,结构3～10较稳定。分子碎片B~4H~8的最稳定构型为2112结构。     

一氧化氮在肌红蛋白修饰电极上的电催化还原

本文研究了醋酸盐缓冲体系中NO2^-歧化产物NO在肌红蛋白修饰玻碳电极上的电催化还原反应, 其还原峰电位为-0.68V(vs. SCE)。文中考察了溶液酸度、亚硝酸根离子浓度等对修饰电极的电化学行为的影响, 并对一氧化氮在肌红蛋白修饰电极上的电催化还原机理进行了探讨。     

云南蕊木生物碱的研究

云南蕊木(Kopsia offcinalis Tsiang et P.T.Li)为夹竹桃科(Apocynaceae)柯蒲木属(Kopsia)植物,是云南西双版纳地区傣族民间的一个传统草药,用于治疗麻风、咽喉炎、风湿骨痛、四肢麻木和水肿等疾病.我们分析了这一植物的化学成分;从根及茎皮提出的总生物碱,药理试验显示镇痛作用.我们共分出10个吲哚型生物碱,通过光谱分析和化学工作,鉴定出四个为已知生物碱kopsinine(1)、kopgamine(2)、eburnamine(3)、perivine(4);三个为     

全氟和多氟烷基磺酸的研究 X:在亲核取代反应中全氟烷基3-氧杂全氟烷基磺酸酯的唯一的硫-氧键断裂

Perfluoroalkyl 3-oxaperfluoralkanesulfonates XCF2OCF2CF2SO3CF2OCF2X (1) (X=CF2I (1a), CF2Cl (1b), HCF2 (1c), Cl2CF (1d)) reacted readily with various mucleophiles leading to S--O seission exclusively, thus 1 -- XCF2OCF2CF2SO2Y+XCF2OCF2COZ In the presence of a catalytic amount of halide (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) and thiecyanate in diglyme 1 decomposed to give the corresponding sulfonly fluoride 2 (X=F) and acyl fluoride 3(Z=F). At room temperature 1 did not react with excess ethanol, but under refluxing for 12.5h, 1 was converted to 2 (Y=F) and 3 (Z=OEt). More powerful nucleophile ethoxide ion reacted readily with 1 at-60 - -50`C yielding Et2O and 3 (Z=OEt) but no 2 (Z=F). When the reaction was carried out at 80`C the yields of the products varied with the order of mixing of the reactants i.e. when 1 was added to excess ethoxide in ethanol, products are 3(Z=OEt), Et2O and 2(Y=F), but with ethoxide adding to 1 the yield of 2 (Y=F) was increased and that of ether decreased whereas the yield of 3 (Z=OEt) remained constant. Carboxylates (CF3CO2-, CH3CO2-) also caused S--O cleavage of 1 to give acetyl fluoride, 2 (y=F) and 3 (Z=F) as a result of decomposition of the intermediary mixed anhydride by the fluoride ion. In the same manner R2NH, C6H5NH2 reacted with 1 giving the products of S--O cleavage. In contrast to the nucleophilic reactions of α, α-di-H-perfluoroalkyl perfluoroalkanesulfonates (mainly C--O cleavage) it has been found that all nucleophies attack the sulfur atom of 1 exclusively. A possible interpretation is that the SN2 attack at sp3 carbon atom in highly fluorinated system is made impossible by the shielding effect of the two fluorine atoms in the alcoholic moiety and leaving the attack on the sulfur as the only alternative.     

化学镀镍诱发过程的研究 I:金属催化活性的鉴别和反应机理

Electroless plating is known to be an autocatalytic process. For the reaction to start, the substrate metall should be either catalytic or activated by a suitable catalyst. For example, steel and nickel can be plated directly, but in the case of copper or brass, catalytic metal inducing is need. In this paper, the catalytic activity of different metals and their inducing effects were in vestigated by measuring stationary potentials nd stationary potential-time curves. Experimental results showed: (1) The stationary potential of metal provides a simple parameter to estimate the catalytic activity of metals in electroless nickeling. When 1-hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid (HEDP) aelectroless nickeling bath containing NaH2PO2 as reducing agent is used, electrolessnickeling may proceed spontaneously, if the stationary potential of metal is more nagative than -0.60V, no matter whether nickel (autocatalytic active) or other metals(non-autocatalytic active) is used as substrate. (2)When an autocatalytic meta is in contact with the substrate metal in the bath, a sudden decrease of stationary potential is observed. The whole inducing process could be finished within 0.5-2 sec. (3) The stationary potential of electroless nickeling coating in HEDP bath at 80`C is-0.72V, consequently nickel coating itself is a catalytic active metal. Once an electroless nickeling coating is deposited on a substrate metal, electroless nickeling reaction can then proceed continuously. (4) The sufficient conditions of electroless nickeling in HEDP bath containing NaH2PO2 are that the stationary potential of substrate metal must be more nagative than -0.60V and that the temperature of electroless nickeling bath should be higher than 50`C. (5) Inducing mechanism of electroless nickeling can be explained with chemical cell consisting of substrate metal and catalytic metal. Electrons from catalytic metal would suddenly decrease the stationary potential of substrate metal, H+ and Ni2+ complex ion would be reduced on the substrate me     

化学反应处理的计算模型

介绍了一种将同类反应上升为合成反应知识和在计算机上实现反合成分析的方法,反合成分析是合成设计中最关键的一步,在本工作中采用了基于谋略键寻找的合成设计方法。它有逻辑宜于在计算机上实现的优点。为了实现这个方法,我们首次提出了一种能中肯地描述合成反应的计算模型—反应知识的分类模型。这一模型由三条规则定义：规则A-反应类型;规则B-发生反应的外部条件;规则C-不适宜采用这个反应的情况;这种计算模型能够将海量反应数据中最重要最基本的信息提炼出来,转换成计算机能处理的知识。它也包含有反应适用范围的信息,从而提高了析分过程的外推能力。     

X~mAl~nH~m(X=Cl)稠环类苯休合物的化学键性质

用HF和DFT的B3LYP方法,在6－31G*水平上,首次对X~mAl~nH~m(X=Cl,H;n=3,5,7,8,10,12;m=3,4,5,6,)稠环类苯化合物的几何构型、红外光谱和化学键性质进行了研究,并与相应的X~mC~2nH~m稠环化合物苯、萘、菲、芘、苝和蔻的结? 棺髁吮冉希峁砻鳎琗~mAl~nH~m与X~mC~2nH~m具有相同的几何构型,随着配? 辉佑牍羌茉邮萊的增大,Al--N键能逐渐增大,键长逐渐减小位原子X对? 羌芑Ъ麬l----N或C－C的影响较小。