The surface modification of cellulose fibres for use as reinforcing elements in composite materials

The interest in using cellulose fibres as reinforcing elements in composite materials based on polymeric matrices is constantly growing, mainly because of the many advantages associated with this renewable material. However, the preparation of cellulose-based composites is perturbed by the highly hydrophilic character of the fibres, which is associated with a low interfacial compatibility with hydrophobic polymeric matrices, as well as with a loss of mechanical properties after moisture uptake. In order to reduce the hydrophilic character of cellulose fibres and to improve the strength of their adhesion to the matrix, it is necessary to undertake a structural modification of their surface. Several approaches have been studied, namely (i) physical treatments such as corona, plasma, laser, vacuum ultraviolet and γ-radiation treatments; (ii) chemical grafting by direct condensation, including surface compatibilisation with hydrophobic moieties and co-polymerisation with the matrix. The copolymerisation approach called upon different strategies: (i) The use of bi-functional molecules capable of reacting with the OH groups of the cellulose surface and leaving the second functions available for further exploitation; (ii) The direct activation of the surface and the subsequent graftingfrom polymerisation; and (iii) The condensation of organometallic compounds, followed by their coupling with suitable reactive molecules or macromolecules. The characterisation of the modified surfaces involved a variety of techniques, including elemental analysis, contact angle measurements, inverse gas chromatography, X-ray photoelectron and FTIR spectroscopy, water uptake, etc. The present survey reviews the different approaches proposed in the literature and critically assesses their respective merits and drawbacks.     

生长于台湾及中国大陆的数种苔植物化学精报

本篇论文报道数则近年分离自台湾苔植物的新化合物结构, 同时并将采自台湾及中国大陆各地的苔植物化学成分作一化学分类上的比较。     

一个新愈创木内酯及其苷的化学结构

从菊科植物凤毛菊[Saussurea japonica(Thunb)D.C.]中分离出一新愈创木内楷─凤毛菊内酯(japonicolactone,1)及其苷─凤毛菊内酯-10-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(japonicolactone-10-O-β-D-glucoside,2)。经光谱分析、化学反应和X单晶衍射确定了结构。     

使用手性相转移催化剂的不对称烷基化反应

本文报道了用七种手性相转移催化剂(其中三种未见文献报道)催化氯化苄或溴丁烷对α-异丙基对氯苯乙腈或α-异丙基苯乙腈的不对称烷基化反应。考察了反应时间、温度、催化剂浓度和溶剂的极性等因素对不对称反应的影响。不对称烷基化产物的最大e.e.值达41.5%, 由比旋光度和带手性柱的气相色谱法测得。     

绞股蓝的化学成分研究 I. 一种新的达玛烷: 绞股蓝皂苷元II的结构

云南孟连产绞股蓝水提取物经矿酸水解, 分离出三个结晶, 结晶II经紫外光谱, 红外光谱, 核磁共振氢谱, 核磁共振碳谱, 质谱测定, 并经X射线衍射分析, 确定其结构为20R-21,24-环-3β,25-二羟基达玛-23(24)-烯-21-酮, 是首次发现侧链为环戊烯酮的新达玛烷, 命名为绞股蓝苷元(II)(1)。结晶III为已知黄酮类化合物商陆黄素(ombuin)(2)。     

生物分子电催化的研究2:血红蛋白在甲酚固紫修饰石黑电极上的电催化

本文将甲酚固紫吸附在石墨电极上以制成修饰电极,它是一种能够加快血红蛋白在电极上电子传递速度的新的电子传递媒介体.在+09.2V～-0.4V(VS.SCE)电位范围内,吸附态的甲酚固紫表现出相当可逆的两电子氧化还原行为,同时有两个质子参加.在pH5.5NaOAc-HOAc缓冲溶液中,其表面式量电位E^0'为-0.18V,表观电子传递速率K~S为0.71s^-1.甲酚固紫修饰电极具有良好的稳定性,它能够大大加快血红蛋白在电极上的电子传递速度,使其具有很好的电流响应,可应用于血红蛋白的测定.     

百部生物碱的化学研究 II. 细花百部中微量生物碱的结构研究

从海南岛产野生百部(Stemona parviflora Wright C.H.)的根部又分得三个微量生物碱成份, 其中羟基百部叶碱(oxystemofoline)(1)和甲氧代百部叶碱(methyloxystemofoline)(2)为新生物碱成份。经IR, MS, ^1H和^1^3C NMR, NOE, 2D-同核及异核相关谱以及远程偶合相关谱推定了它们的结构, 并首次归属了它们的^1^3CNMR信号。     

含有2'-O-甲基伪胞苷的寡核苷酸合成用于DNA三链的合成

三绞脱氧核糖核酸生成的可能性已知对双绞DNA的结构和功能有直接的影响,为增长三重态DNA生成的稳定性。我们设计并合成了2-氨基-5-(2-O-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-4(1H)-嘧啶酮或2'-O-甲基拟异胞嘧啶并取代第三股上的原来的碳。     

11,12,13-三甲基-1,4,7,10-四氮杂十三环-10,13-二烯-镍(II)配合物催化的新型振荡化学反应

本文报道了一种新型振荡化学反应体系--BrOˉ~3-MA-H2SO4-[Ni(L-H)]X(X为配阴离子)体系, 其中MA为丙二酸, L代表题给大环11,12,13-三甲基-1,4,7,10-四氮杂十三 环-10, 13-二烯。测得了该体系发生振荡的组分浓度范围; 研究了各物浓度、自由基抑制剂和还原剂对振荡反应的影响; 还测得了振荡的轨迹为螺旋线而非极限环, 由于催化剂消耗振荡衰减; 初步提出了振荡反应发生的可能机理。