Initial guess by improved population-based intelligent algorithms for large inter-frame deformation measurement using digital image correlation

Digital image correlation (DIC) has received a widespread research and application in experimental mechanics. In DIC, the performance of subpixel registration algorithm (e.g., Newton-Raphson method, quasi-Newton method) relies heavily on the initial guess of deformation. In the case of small inter-frame deformation, the initial guess could be found by simple search scheme, the coarse-fine search for instance. While for large inter-frame deformation, it is difficult for simple search scheme to robustly estimate displacement parameters and deformation parameters simultaneously with low computational cost. In this paper, we proposed three improving strategies, i.e. Q-stage evolutionary strategy (T), parameter control strategy (C) and space expanding strategy (E), and then combined them into three population-based intelligent algorithms (PIAs), i.e. genetic algorithm (GA), differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), and finally derived eighteen different algorithms to calculate the initial guess for qN. The eighteen algorithms were compared in three sets of experiments including large rigid body translation, finite uniaxial strain and large rigid body rotation, and the results showed the effectiveness of proposed improving strategies. Among all compared algorithms, DE-TCE is the best which is robust, convenient and efficient for large inter-frame deformation measurement.     

GC-MS分析氧化亚铁硫杆菌培养液的挥发性成分

GC- MS联用技术对耐强辐射微生物氧化亚铁硫杆菌 [Thiobacillus ferroxidans(T.f) ]的挥发性代谢产物进行了研究 ,发现 4 3种代谢物 ,由标准谱图鉴定了其中 2 3种化合物。     

高Tc超导谐振器微波特性研究

研究了高Ｔｃ超导谐振器的微波特性特别是表面电阻Ｒｓ和磁场穿透深度λ,给出了Ｒｓ随温度变化的曲线以及穿透深度的测量结果。实验中采用了由ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７薄膜和蓝宝石片构成的平行板谐振器。     

The Search for Transuranium Elements and the Discovery of Nuclear Fission

The synthesis of new, artificial elements beyond uranium was at the cutting-edge of physical research in the 1930s, and nearly half a dozen transuranium elements were reported between 1934 and 1938. Nuclear physicists and radiochemists collaborated closely, but each field introduced fundamental assumptions that proved to be false: that nuclear changes would always be small, and that transuranium elements would resemble transition elements chemically. With its surprise ending in the discovery of nuclear fission, the misguided transuranium project can be viewed as an example of the illogical progress of scientific discovery. It is also an example of an interdisciplinary collaboration that was flawed yet crucial, for although chemists and physicists both contributed to the delay in discovering fission, their collaboration was essential in leading them to it in the end.     

Applicability of medium-size basis sets in calculations of molecular dynamic polarisabilities

Static and dynamic average polarisabilities and polarisability anisotropies of seven linear non-polar and polar molecules are calculated within the CCS, CC2, and CC3 approximations using a range of medium-sized basis sets: the polarised LPol-n (n = ds, dl, fs, fl), the aug-pc-n (n = 1, 2), the def2-SVPD, and -TZVPD basis sets. Reference values are obtained using a hierarchy of Dunning's (d-)aug-cc-pVXZ (X = D, T, Q, 5) basis sets. The results are discussed together with the available CCSD values in terms of basis set and correlation method errors, and their ratio. Detailed analysis shows that already the def2-SVPD basis set can be used in CCS polarisability calculations. When affordable, the slightly larger aug-pc-1 basis set is recommended, as it leads to significant reduction of basis set error. The def2-TZVPD, LPol-ds, and aug-pc-2 basis sets are optimal choice within the CC2 approximation, with the latter allowing to approach the CC2 basis set limit. The LPol-ds, -dl, and def2-TZVPD sets outperform the aug-cc-pVTZ set in average polarisability CCSD calculations, with the def2-TZVPD being competitive to other reduced-size sets also in determination of polarisability anisotropy. The aug-pc-2 basis is a particularly attractive choice for CCSD, giving the accuracy of aug-cc-pVQZ at a significantly reduced computational cost. The polarisability anisotropy is shown to be more computationally demanding than the average polarisability, in particular with respect to the accuracy of the correlation method and an accurate evaluation of this property requires at least the CCSD model.     

En">Characters and Composition Factor Multiplicities for the Lie Superalgebra $${\mathfrak{g}}{\mathfrak{l}}$$ ( m / n )

The multiplicities a of simple modules L in the composition series of Kac modules V lambda for the Lie superalgebra (m/n ) were described by Serganova, leading to her solution of the character problem for (m/n ). In Serganova's algorithm all with nonzero a are determined for a given this algorithm, turns out to be rather complicated. In this Letter, a simple rule is conjectured to find all nonzero a for any given weight . In particular, we claim that for an r-fold atypical weight there are 2r distinct weights such that a = 1, and a = 0 for all other weights . Some related properties on the multiplicities a are proved, and arguments in favour of our main conjecture are given. Finally, an extension of the conjecture describing the inverse of the matrix of Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials is discussed.     

宽带磁共振T/R开关的设计与实现

磁共振系统中的发射/接收（transmit/receive,T/R）开关用于收发通路的切换,要求在隔离大功率信号的同时具有较小的插入损耗;另外,在宽带磁共振谱仪中,一般的窄带T/R开关也不再适用.本文基于PIN（positive-intrinsic-negative）二极管设计了工作频率为10~100 MHz的宽带磁共振T/R开关.通过减小电平跳变、优化开关过冲和解决二极管被动导通等问题,获得了插入损耗小于1 dB、大功率信号隔离度大于75 dB、开关时间1 μs的整体性能.用本文设计的宽带T/R开关替代一般探头中的窄带T/R开关,在0.5 T核磁共振（NMR）波谱仪上测得了氢核和氟核两个不同频率的磁共振信号,验证了宽带T/R开关的宽带性能.     

基于多弛豫信号补偿的快速磁共振T1ρ散布成像

定量磁共振成像（MRI）可量化组织特性,是科学研究和临床研究的重要工具.旋转坐标系下的自旋-晶格弛豫时间（T_1ρ）能反映水与大分子之间的低频交互作用,在3 T及以上的高场环境下,T_1ρ受水和不稳定质子之间化学交换的影响较大,通过测量弛豫率随自旋锁定场强度的变化而得到其分布情况（T_1ρ散布）,可用于分析和量化质子的交换过程,因此T_1ρ散布是一种重要的定量MRI技术.然而,获得不同自旋锁定场强下T_1ρ加权图像的时间过长,限制了其应用范围.针对这一问题,本研究提出一种基于多弛豫信号补偿策略的快速T_1ρ散布成像方法.该方法将不同锁定频率下的T_1ρ加权图像补偿到同一信号强度水平,并结合低秩与稀疏建立重建模型.实验结果表明,该方法在加速倍数高达7倍时仍获得了较好的重建结果.     

Valence band and chemical interactions of Zn/CdSnAs2 interfaces

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) together with argon ion sputtering was used to investigate the interface of the Zn/CdSnAs₂ system at various temperatures. The formation of an intermediate compound between Zn and As is proposed. The surface enrichment of Cd and Sn at 200 and 400°C is explained in terms of bond breaking and lattice strain theories.NCL Communication No. 4352     

DTI at 7 and 3 T: systematic comparison of SNR and its influence on quantitative metrics

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and advanced related methods such as diffusion spectrum and kurtosis imaging are limited by low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at conventional field strengths. DTI at 7 T can provide increased SNR; however, B0 and B1 inhomogeneity and shorter T2? still pose formidable challenges. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare SNR at 7 and 3 T for different parallel imaging reduction factors, R, and TE, and to evaluate SNRs influences on fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). We found that R>4 at 7 T and R≥2 at 3 T were needed to reduce geometric distortions due to B0 inhomogeneity. For these R at 7 T, SNR was 70-90 for b=0 s/mm² and 22-28 for b=1000s/mm² in central brain regions. SNR was lower at 3 T (40 for b=0 s/mm² and 15 for b=1000 s/mm²) and in lateral brain regions at 7 T due to B1 inhomogeneity. FA and ADC did not change with MRI field strength, SENSE factor or TE in the tested range. However, the coefficient of variation for FA increased for SNR <15 and for SNR <10 in ADC, consistent with published theoretical studies. Our study demonstrates that 7 T is advantageous for DTI and lays the groundwork for further development. Foremost, future work should further address challenges with B0 and B1 inhomogeneity to take full advantage for the increased SNR at 7 T.