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901.
Train scheduling model is traditionally formulated to minimize the energy consumption for reducing the operation cost. As the European Union formulates the first carbon emission trading scheme in the world, it is necessary to extend the operation cost to include the expenses for buying/selling the carbon emission allowances. In this paper, we propose a multi-objective train scheduling model by minimizing the energy and carbon emission cost as well as the total passenger-time, and named it as green train scheduling model. For obtaining a non-dominated timetable which has equal satisfactory degree on both objectives, we apply a fuzzy multi-objective optimization algorithm to solve the model. Finally, we perform two numerical examples to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed model and solution methodology. 相似文献
902.
W. von Oertzen B. Gebauer G. Efimov V. Zherebchevsky Tz. Kokalova S. Thummerer Ch. Schulz H. G. Bohlen D. Kamanin C. Beck D. Curien P. Papka M. Rousseau G. Royer G. de Angelis 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2008,36(3):279-288
Coincidences between two heavy fragments have been measured from the fission of 56Ni compound nuclei formed in the 32S + 24Mg reaction at E
lab( ^32S ) = 165.4 MeV. A unique experimental set-up consisting of two large-area position-sensitive (x, y) gas detector telescopes has been used allowing the complete determination of the observed fragments and their momentum vectors.
In addition to binary fission events with subsequent particle evaporation, narrow out-of-plane correlations are observed for
two fragments emitted in purely binary events and in events with a missing charge consisting of 2α - and 3α -particles (12C). These events are interpreted as ternary cluster decay from 56Ni nuclei at high angular momenta through hyper-deformed shapes. 相似文献
903.
Umadevi M Vanelle P Terme T Rajkumar BJ Ramakrishnan V 《Journal of fluorescence》2008,18(6):1139-1149
Solvatochromic and preferential solvation of 1,4-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (DHDMAQ) have been investigated
using optical absorption and fluorescence emission techniques. Optical absorption spectra of DHDMAQ in different solvents
show the intra molecular charge transfer band in the region 400–550nm. The observed blue shift with solvent polarity indicates
the delocalisation of the excited state, owing to reduction in quasiaromaticity of the chelate rings formed by intra molecular
hydrogen bonds, due to electrostatic or hydrogen bonding interaction. This is also confirmed by the observed low oscillator
strength and the transition dipole moment. The observed quantum yield of DHDMAQ in different solvents is due to the inter
molecular hydrogen bond in the excited state in addition to the intra molecular hydrogen bond. It also reveals from the low
oscillator strength, which indicates that the radiative decay is low. Excited state dipole moment of DHDMAQ is calculated
by solvatochromic data
and it shows a lower value than ground state dipole moment. The preferential solvation parameter shows that in dimethyl formamide
(DMF) + ethanol mixture, the DHDMAQ is preferentially solvated by ethanol in DMF rich region and by DMF in ethanol rich region.
In the case of DMF + dichloromethane mixture DHDMAQ is preferentially solvated by DMF. 相似文献
904.
Maher HM 《Journal of fluorescence》2008,18(5):909-917
Binary mixtures of naproxen and diflunisal can be resolved by using zero-crossing first derivative emission spectrofluorimetry,
first derivative constant wavelength synchronous luminescence spectrometry and first derivative constant energy synchronous
luminescence spectrometry. These methods do not require any previous separation steps. The lowest quantitation limits for
both drugs were obtained with first derivative constant wavelength synchronous luminescence spectrometry (0.002 and 0.015 μg
ml−1 for naproxen and diflunisal, respectively). The measurements were performed in 40% methanolic aqueous medium at pH 8.0 provided
by adding 0.02 M phosphate buffer solution. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the simultaneous determination
of naproxen and diflunisal in pharmaceuticals and human serum samples with high precision and accuracy. Linearity, accuracy,
precision, limits of detection, limits of quantitation, and other aspects of analytical validation are included in the text. 相似文献
905.
PSⅡ颗粒复合物低温荧光光谱特性 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
为了获得低温下PSⅡ颗粒复合物色素分子间的能量传递信息,运用荧光激发谱及荧光发射谱对273 K温度时不同波长光激发下菠菜的PSⅡ颗粒复合物的荧光光谱特性进行了研究,分析得出荧光强度的大小与激发光的波长有关,在实验所采用的激发波长中,436 nm的光激发产生的荧光强度最大,520 nm的最小.在能量传递过程中Chl a分子的荧光效率最高,Chl b分子次之.结合吸收谱分析还发现在PSⅡ颗粒复合物中至少存在四种具特征吸收的Chl分子: Chl a661660, Chl a/b672669,670,Chl a682680,Chl a690687.对436 nm光激发所得到的荧光发射谱进一步经高斯解析后得到五个光谱组分:661 nm,672 nm,682 nm,690 nm,730 nm,所占的比例分别为4.75%,9.89%,43.18%,22.08%,20.10%. 相似文献
906.
I. Richterová J. Pavlu Z. Němeček J. Šafránková 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2008,48(3):375-381
Dust grains – objects of different shapes with a size distribution from micro to nanometers – are generally considered as
a part of many space as well as laboratory plasmas. Among various dust charging processes, electron-induced secondary emission
plays an important role in plasmas containing a noteworthy portion of high-energy electrons. Since a part of secondary electrons
has not the energy high enough to overcome the surface potential barrier, the resulting
grain charge is determined not only by the secondary emission yield (related to the grain material and size) but also by the
secondary electron spectrum. We have developed a model of secondary electron emission from small dust grains. In the present
contribution, we discuss the profile of a secondary emission yield that can be received from the model and the measured equilibrium
grain charge, both as functions of an incident electron beam energy. A comparison of these quantities leads to an estimation
of secondary electron spectra. We have found that: (1) the energy spectrum of secondary electrons does not change with the
energy of primary electrons and (2) the energy spectrum depends on the target material being harder for gold and silver than
for glass grains. 相似文献
907.
908.
Vikash Kumar Viraj G. Naik Avijit Das Sourayan Basu Bal Malabika Biswas Nupur Kumar Anasuya Ganguly Amrita Chatterjee Mainak Banerjee 《Tetrahedron》2019,75(27):3722-3732
Available online Development of water soluble AIE-active “light-up” bioprobes for the detection of biomacromolecules has drawn huge research interests in recent past. In this study, a series of ethylene glycol modified water soluble tetrameric tetraphenylethylene amphiphiles with pyridinium polar heads (TPE-xEG-Py, x = 3, 4, 6 or 1a-c) have been synthesized by varying the ethylene glycol spacer. Their unique structure allows them to form vesicles and other nanoaggregates in aqueous solutions. These amphiphiles were successfully utilized for fluorimetric detection and quantitation of BSA and DNA based on the electrostatic interactions to trigger AIE-emission from the TPE moiety. The electrostatic interaction was also proved very effective in wash-free imaging of both Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria with up to 92 folds increase in fluorescence response within bacterial concentration 0–12 × 108 CFU mL?1. The strategy is advantageous due to cost-effective and easy synthesis, high water solubility, and fast response. 相似文献
909.
A EuIII-containing single molecule BCR-Eu as design platform for ratio-metric fluorescent sensor which includes a blue-emitting coumarin dye, a green-emitting BODIPY fluorophore and a EuIII moiety as the origin of red light has been designed and synthesized. The compound BCR shows only green emission with large stoke shift when excited in 400 nm due to good fluorescence resonance energy transfer from coumarin to BODIPY. After embedding EuIII complexes in the molecule, BCR-Eu exhibits dual emission which is equal in magnitude and independent of each other, when excited at the range of 305–365 nm. An emission from Lanthanide complexes as the stable built-in standard fluorescence peak offers a promising opportunity to enhance the precision of bioimaging and also an ideal design platform for future ratio-metric fluorescent sensor. 相似文献
910.
The study of γ‐neutrons attenuation and mechanical characteristics of modified concrete are vital and crucial parameters for the construction of civilian radiological, nuclear shielding, and/or shelters. In this work, fifteen samples of ordinary concretes with five different additives; steel fibers, polypropylene, silica fume, and fly ash, with variation of cement percentages, were prepared and used for performing the mechanical and radiation attenuation investigations. The compressive strength, tensile strength, slump test, bulk density, and water permeability were also carried out for the prepared concrete mixes. Collimated coherent beams from 60Co and Pu‐Be fast neutron sources were used to check the radiation penetrability through the syntheized mixed concrete‐additives. Very sensitive and well calibrated gamma‐neutron pulse shape discriminating spectrometer with its electronic componenets and stilbene organic detector and 3′′ × 3′′ NaI scintillation crystal was used to measure the radiation before and after attenuation and transmission. The integrated fast neutron removal macroscopic cross section (Σr) and linear attenuation coefficient of total gamma rays (μ) were calculated for all the analysed concrete mixes. The results of measurements, tests, analyses and calculations are given and explained. The investigated modified concrete mixes show good workability and properties from the view point of mechanical loads and γ‐fast neutrons penetrability and resistance. These results can be used for shielding and sheltering design. 相似文献