Transketolase and fructose-1,6-bis-phosphate aldolase, complementary tools for access to new ulosonic acid analogues

A new approach to the synthesis of ulosonic acids KDO and DAH is described. The key step is the C₅-C₆ bond formation catalysed by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (for KDO) or transketolase (for DAH) using substituted acrylonitrile α-hydroxyaldehyde. All asymmetric carbon configurations are determined in an enzymatic step by the means of deshydrogenase or lipase. This strategy, using a non-metabolism pathway, allows access to novel precursors of KDO, DAH and analogues.     

Nitrogen-Based Linkers with a Mesitylene Core: Synthesis and Characterization

Mesitylene was used as a core in seven new tritopic nitrogen containing linkers. Three of the linkers, each containing three nitrile groups, were obtained through Suzuki, Sonogashira and Heck-type coupling reactions. Next, these were converted to tetrazol-5-yl moieties by the cycloaddition of sodium azide to the nitrile functionalities. The last linker, containing three 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl moieties, was synthesized by the Huisgen cycloaddition of phenyl azide to the corresponding alkyne. The latter was obtained via a Corey–Fuchs reaction sequence from the previously reported formyl derivative. As the proof of concept for their potential in MOF design, one of the nitriles was used to build an Ag-based network.     

Cu纳米针上电场促进C-C耦合增强CO2电还原生成C2产物

电催化CO₂减排技术利用电能将过量的CO₂转化为有附加值的化学品,是解决能源危机、实现碳中和的有效途径之一.电催化CO₂还原反应(CO₂RR)中的多碳产物(C₂),如乙烯和乙醇,因其比C1产物具有更高的能量密度和更广泛的应用而受到较大关注.目前为止,Cu基催化剂被认为是获得C₂产物的独特材料.研究者在提高Cu基催化剂C₂产物的活性和选择性方面做了大量的工作,如催化剂形貌工程、活性位点设计和中间吸附性能调控等.许多理论和实验研究已经证明,Cu基催化剂上的C-C偶联过程是C₂产物生成的速率决定步骤.优化C-C偶联过程的能垒是提高C₂产物活性和选择性的重要而直接的策略.CO₂RR在Cu上是由CO₂还原吸附CO(*CO)并二聚生成C₂产物引起的.C-C偶联过程与*CO的吸附性能密切相关.众所周知,CO是一种典型的极性分子,因此其在催化剂表面的吸附性能可能会受到活性位点周围的局部电场的影响.构建合适的局部电场是调节CO吸附性能和C-C偶联过程的潜在手段之一.前期工作(Nature,2016,537,382-386)证明了高曲率金纳米针可以在尖端产生高的局部电场.高局域电场诱导K+聚集,使活性位点周围CO₂浓度升高,大大促进了Au纳米针上的CO生成.基于Au纳米针的局域电场促进了CO₂RR的CO生成.本文利用Cu纳米针促进并优化C-C偶联反应来提高C₂产物活性和选择性.结果表明,局部电场可以促进C-C偶联过程,进而增强CO₂电还原生成C₂产物.有限元模拟结果表明,高曲率铜纳米针处存在较强的局部电场;密度泛函理论计算结果表明,强电场能促进C-C耦合过程.在此基础上,制备了一系列不同曲率的Cu催化剂,其中,Cu纳米针(CuNNs)的曲率最高,Cu纳米棒(CuNRs)和Cu纳米颗粒(CuNPs)曲率次之.实验测得CuNNs上吸附的K+浓度最高,证明了纳米针上的局部电场最强.同时,CO吸附传感器测试表明,CuNNs对CO的吸附能力最强,原位傅里叶变换红外光谱显示,CuNNs的*COCO和*CO信号最强.由此可见,高曲率铜纳米针可以诱导高局部电场,从而促进C-C耦合过程.催化性能测试结果表明,在低电位(-0.6 V vs.RHE)下,Cu NNs对CO₂RR的生成C₂产物的法拉第效率值为44%,约为Cu NPs的2.2倍.综上,本文为CO₂RR过程中提高多碳产物提供了新的思路.     

新型P,N-配体的合成及其在钯催化碳-氮键偶联反应中的应用

以三苯基膦为母体骨架,设计合成了在苯环上连有环状仲胺取代基的五种新型P,N-配体(L1～L5),利用核磁共振谱(1H,13C,31p)、红外光谱、高分辨质谱和X射线单晶衍射等对配体进行了表征,并将它们应用于Pd催化的C-N键偶联反应中.结果表明,三(2-吗啉基苯基)膦(L5)与三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(Pd2(dba)3...     

一种嵌有双亚胺基吡啶配体的全共轭有机聚合物材料及其在C-C偶联反应中的应用

报道了一种嵌有双亚胺基吡啶配体的全共轭有机聚合物材料. 该材料所具有的双亚胺基吡啶配体起到链接聚合物单元和络合金属中心的双重作用. 采用紫外可见光谱、红外光谱以及基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱等对其结构进行了详细表征和确认. 由于具有全共轭结构,该材料的热稳定性达到440 ℃,并且在常规溶剂中较难溶解. 作为多相催化剂载体,可以络合Pd离子形成新的多相配位催化剂,在经典的Suzuki-Miyaura C-C偶联反应中转化率和选择性均达到99%.     

酸性分子筛上甲醇催化转化反应机理研究进展

概括了甲醇转化反应机理实验和理论研究方法,介绍了甲醇脱水预平衡阶段的主要机理模型和实验理论依据,重点综述了C-C键形成过程中涉及到的直接机理和"烃池"机理的实验与理论研究进展和存在的问题,探讨了分子筛孔道结构对"烃池"物种结构和反应历程的影响.     

Rhodium-catalyzed alkylation of aromatic azines with alkenes via C-H bond activation

The aromatic azines reacted with terminal alkenes under a rhodium catalyst [RhCl(coe)₂]₂ and Cy₃P to give the alkylated products with good to high isolated yields. The azines bearing H and o-CH₃, p-CH₃ and p-CH₃O groups have high reactivities, but m-CH₃O, p-Cl, p-F exhibit low reactivities.     

Rhodium-catalyzed alkylation of terephthaldialdimine with terminal alkenes via C-H bond activation

Terephthaldialdimine 1a reacted with alkenes to give 2,6-dialkylated products selectively in moderate to high isolated yields. In the case of terephthaldialdimine 1b having a substituent at site 2 in the phenyl ring, the alkylation takes place selectively at site 6 in the phenyl ring. In this alkylation, a meta-substituent affected the reactivity significantly because of the steric hindrance.     

A new synthetic route for 1,2-diketo compounds using unexpected C-C bond cleavage by PCC

An efficient method has been established for the preparation of 1,2-diketones by unexpected C-C bond cleavage in 4-keto-2-hydroxy esters using pyridiniumchlorochromate (PCC).     

Total synthesis of distaminolyne A

Herein we report the stereoselective total synthesis of first occurrence distaminolyne A via aminolytic kinetic resolution, Corey-Fuch’s reaction for alkyne formation and Cardiot-Chodkiewicz cross coupling followed by Wittig olefination as the key steps.