4，4＇－偶氮二［4－氰基戊酰（对－二甲氨基）苯胺］作为引发剂的嵌段共聚物合成

４，４＇－偶氮二［４－氰基戊酰（对－二甲氨基）苯胺］作为引发剂的嵌段共聚物合成邱醒宇，魏峰，关宏宇，平学真（辽宁大学化学系，沈阳，１１００３６）关键词４，４＇－偶氮二［４－氰基戊酰（对－二甲氨基）苯胺］，多官能团引发剂，自由基聚合７０年代以来，陆续报...     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-聚四氢呋喃嵌段共聚物微观结构的研究

我们用SAXS、TEM等方法研究了分子量分散性较大的PMMA-b-PTHF两嵌段共聚物的微相结构。试样的分子量多分散系数为1.99,PMMA的重量分数为0.48。实验结果表明,其平衡微相结构并不是层状微区,而是在尺寸上也具有一定分散性的球状微区,微区之间并未形成三维有序的大晶格结构,而是一种无规聚集结构。这和单分散两嵌段共聚物理论所预言的结果是不同的。     

嵌段共聚物自组装及其在纳米材料制备中的应用(上)

嵌段共聚物分子链中，嵌段间的相互热力学不相容性及化学键相连接性，使体系发生自组装，通过适当的分子及体系设计，嵌段共聚物体系能够自组装形成丰富的周期性有序微结构。本文概要地总结了嵌段共聚物体系主要的三方面自组装物理行为：本体自组装、在选择性溶剂中的缔合，及薄膜自组装，同时，介绍了这三方面的一些新的研究进展。     

SYNTHESIS OF MAIN CHAIN LIQUID CRYSTALLINE COPOLYESTERS WITH X-SHAPED TWO-DIMENSIONAL MESOGENIC UNIT AND CROWN ETHER CYCLE

A novel series of main chain liquid crystalline copolyesters with X-shaped two-dimensional mesogenic unit and crown ether cycle of cis-4,4′-bis(4-hydroxyphenylazo) dibenzo-18-crown-6 was prepared via solution condensation polymerization from 4,4′-(α,ω-hexanedioyloxy) dibenzoyl dichloride (M1), 2,5-bis(p-octyloxybenzoyloxy) hydro-quinone (M2) and cis-4,4′-bis(4-hydroxyphenylazo) dibenzo-18-crown-6 (M3). Monomer M1 was synthesized by esterification and substitution of adipoyl chloride with p-hydroxybenzoic acid, monomer M2 was synthesized by esterfication and reduction reaction of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoquinone and p-octanoxybenzoyl chloride and monomer M3 was synthesized by diazotization and coupling reaction of cis-diaminodibenzo-18-crown-6 with phenol. The molecular weights of copolyesters are not high,and the intrinsic viscosity [η] of copolyesters ranges from 0.25-0.35. The monomers' structures were identified by using elemental analysis, IR, UV, 1H-NMR, MS, etc. All the copolyesters are yellowish powders and insoluble in THF and CHCl3 at room temperature except CP9. The properties of copolyesters were investigated by using GPC, [η] , DSC, TG,WAXD and POM. It was found that all the copolyesters entered into liquid crystal phase when they were heated to above their melting temperature (Tm). The typical smectic and nematic phase texture can be observed on POM. Their mesophase transition temperature and thermal stability change regularly with varying the content of cis-4,4′-bis(4-hydroxyphenylazo)dibenzo-18-crown-6 unit in the copolyesters.     

共聚物在聚合物共混体系中的增容作用I.嵌段共聚物

随着高分子合金领域的研究发展，以共聚物作为增容剂对不相容的聚合物共混体系进行改性已得到了广泛的研究和应用。本文分为两篇，分别介绍利用嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物和无规共聚物所做的增容改性研究。本篇着重讨论嵌段共聚物(包括两嵌段和三嵌段以及多嵌段共聚物)在聚合物共混体系中的增容作用和增容机理。     

球形嵌段共聚物胶束的温度效应

基于标度理论建立了嵌段共聚物溶剂体系的胶束模型，通过Flory-Huggins相互作用参数间接讨论了温度对胶束平衡性质的一般性影响.分析了胶束过渡区聚合物链的状态，通过分段的过渡区密度分布函数，考察了温度对聚集数、过渡区密度分布和胶束内外半径的影响.结果显示,温度升高使过渡区链状态呈现多种分层情况，并导致胶束聚集数的显著增加.但过渡区链状态的变化对过渡区密度的总体影响不显著，胶束的总体半径变化不大，表明过渡区溶剂随温度升高而逐渐“挤出”.理论预测与实验结果较一致.     

Block copolymerization of 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane with conventional vinyl monomers by ATRP method

Polystyrene-block-poly(5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane) (PSt-b-PBMDO), poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-PBMDO (PMMA-b-PBMDO) and poly(methyl acrylate)-block-PBMDO (PMA-b-PBMDO) were synthesized by two-step atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of conventional vinyl monomers, then BMDO. First, the polymerization of St, or MMA, or MA was realized by ATRP with ethyl α-bromobutyrate (EBrB) as initiator in conjunction with CuBr and 2,2^′-bipyridine (bpy). After isolation, polymers with terminal bromine, PSt-Br, PMMA-Br and PMA-Br, were obtained. Second, the ATRP of BMDO was performed by using macroinitiator, PSt-Br (or PMMA-Br, PMA-Br) in the presence of CuBr/bpy. The structures of block copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR spectra. Molecular weight and polydispersity index were determined on gel permeation chromatograph. Among the block copolymers obtained, PMA-b-PBMDO shows the most narrow molecular weight distribution.     

聚四氢呋喃-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯两嵌段共聚物的结晶行为

报导了系列聚四氢呋喃-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯结晶-非晶(硬段型)两嵌段共聚物的结晶行为，结果表明，其微相分离和结晶规律与文献上唯一进行过系统研究的同类嵌段共聚物(PEO－b－PS)都有较大的差别；结晶段结晶能力的大小是制约这类体系微相分离和结晶规律的一个重要因素．     

序列嵌段共聚酯液晶高分子相转变动力学及机理研究

用DSC、PLM、WAXD等方法研究了序列嵌段共聚酯液晶高分子的结晶动力学及相转变机理.结果表明,从各向同性相温度(T_i)结晶经历了中介相阶段,从中介相温度(T_N)和从T_i温度结晶的结晶机理均为取向链段的聚集成核及低维生长,Avrami指数都接近2.两种结晶途径均形成了不同完善程度的结晶形态.柔性嵌段PTHF含量对试样的液晶行为和结晶行为有很大影响,PTHF含量在20％左右向列型中介相表现出高取向,易成核的特性.     

Stress induced crystallization in thermoplastic elastomers

Thermoplastic elastomers show considerable flow if they are subjected to large strains. To investigate the influence of stress induced crystallization, elastomers showing stress induced crystallization are synthesized by hydrogenation of poly(butadienes) and poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) block polymers. The influence of the methylene sequence length on the crystallization behaviour is evaluated. From stress relaxation experiments, the crystallization kinetic is analyzed. Heterogeneous nucleation and fibrillar crystal growth is detected for all block polymer systems. The kinetic behaviour is described by a preorientation of elastomer chains near the domain surface.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. R. Kosfeld on the occasion of his 60th birthday.