Liquid-liquid equilibria of polyrotaxane and poly(vinyl alcohol)

Liquid–liquid equillibria (LLE) of the tertiary system of hydroxypropylated polyrotaxane (HPPR)–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)–solvent have been investigated by focusing on the internal structures of HPPR–PVA blend gels. The phase diagrams of the HPPR–PVA aqueous systems displayed two liquid phases at a high concentration and molecular weight of PVA. This result was consistent with the prediction of the Flory–Huggins lattice model. On the contrary, the HPPR–PVA–DMSO system exhibited only a single phase. The HPPR–PVA blend gels crosslinked in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were highly transparent over a wide concentration range, while the gels prepared in water were opaque at high polymer concentrations. Spherical domains were observed in the opaque gels by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and the sizes of the domains were significantly dependent on the amount of cross-linking reagent utilized. These results indicated that the transparency of the HPPR–PVA blend gels was strongly affected by the competition between the liquid–liquid two-phase separation and the crosslinking HPPR and PVA polymers during the preparation of the blend gels.     

基于ABC-SV R算法的拉曼光谱检测混合油脂肪酸含量

提出了一种基于激光拉曼光谱和人工蜂群智能优化支持向量回归机(ABC-SVR)算法的快速定量检测三组分混和油中3种脂肪酸含量的方法。该方法针对光谱数据信息与样本之间非线性、高维度的关系,建立了预测精度及建模效率均高于同类对比算法的数学模型,同时避免了气相色谱法、液相色谱法等对混合油脂肪酸含量的检测方式,根据纯种油中3种脂肪酸含量的国际标准,由油品配置体积得到脂肪酸质量,有效降低了检测成本与实验复杂程度,提高了检测工作的实用价值。首先根据一定梯度配置66组混合油检测样品,使用便携式拉曼光谱仪采集样本的拉曼光谱信息,扣除背景噪声;观察多组样本的拉曼光谱图可知,由于官能团浓度的差异,食用油的拉曼特征峰位移基本相同,特征峰的峰值明显不同,因此基于特征峰信息可以区分食用调和油的不同混合物;其次对拉曼光谱做背景扣除、光谱平滑、最大值谱线归一化三步预处理,以降低实验中不可控的外界因素及背景荧光的影响,准确提取光谱特征峰强度信息;然后根据纯种油中3种脂肪酸的国际标准含量,结合国家食品法典委员会标准CODEX STAN210-1999《指定的植物油法典标准》中规定的纯种油密度中值,由油品体积得到脂肪酸质量数;随机选取56组样本数据作为训练集,剩余10组样本数据作为预测集;以训练集光谱特征峰强度和脂肪酸质量分别作为回归模型的输入及输出值,建立SVR和PSO-SVR,ABC-SVR三种混合优化算法对比的定量分析模型,对测试集的3种脂肪酸含量分别进行预测;最后通过均方误差(MSE)、相关系数(r)及建模时间(Elapsed time)分别进行对比,建立数据表对模型精准度进行检验。实验结果表明,通过ABC-SVR定量分析模型效果最佳,3种脂肪酸含量预测值与真实值的均方差分别为0.88×10-4,16×10-4和8×10-4,均低于0.002;相关系数分别为93.43%,99.65%和99.43%,均高于93%;预测时间(Elapsed time)分别为1.26,2.42和2.14 s。因此,所提出的检测方法,具备较高的精确度、较快的建模时间,且在理论上的类似条件下可适用于其他样品检测工作,可为振动光谱学对食用油掺伪分析的进一步工作提供可行的理论依据。     

Electrochemical Performance of LiMn2O4/LiFePO4 Blend Cathodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

A series of LiMn₂O₄/LiFePO₄ blend cathodes was prepared by hand milling and ball milling in order to compensate the disadvantage of spinel LiMn₂O₄ and olivine LiFePO₄. The morphologies of the blends were studied by scanning electron microscopy, and their electrochemical properties were studied by charge-discharge cycling, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is easy to obtain uniform LiMn₂O₄/LiFePO₄ blends by the hand milling technique, while significant particle agglomeration is caused by the ball milling technique. When the LiMn₂O₄:LiFePO₄ mass ratio is 1:1, the nano-sized LiFePO₄ powders not only uniformly cover the micron-sized LiMn₂O₄ particles but also effectively fill in the cavities of the LiMn₂O₄ space. Such morphology offers a good electrical contact and a high tap density, which leads to a high discharge capacity and good cycle stability.     

新型聚合物固体电解质的红外光谱研究

采用微波热交联技术制备出了多孔状的聚偏氟乙烯 /聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PVDF PMMA)共混的聚合物固体电解质薄膜材料 ,电性能测试表明该固体电解质薄膜在室温下的电导率可达到 2 0 5× 10 - 3S·cm- 1 ,并具有良好的机械性能。用红外光谱对该膜进行了分析 ,结果表明在聚合物固态电解质中的PVDF ,PMMA ,LiClO4 和γ 丁内指 (BL)之间并不是简单的混合 ,而是存在着某种相互作用 ,并且这种作用只有在生成聚合物固态电解质时 ,才明显地得到了加强。     

EFFECTS OF BLENDING CHITOSAN WITH PEG ON SURFACE MORPHOLOGY,CRYSTALLIZATION AND THERMAL PROPERTIES

Biodegradable blend films composed of chitosan and PEG with various composition ratios were prepared.The chemical structure of the blend films was characterized with FTIR and X-ray,which showed no chemical bond formations but certain interactions probably coming from the hydrogen bonds.Morphologies of these blend films were viewed using AFM and SEM,suggesting that pure chitosan film had a smooth surface structure and the blend films surface showed a plenty of holes with varying size.Through the DMA measu...     

SPEEK/PES-C、SPEEK/SPES-C共混质子交换膜研究

通过在磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK,DS=61.68%)中分别混入酚酞型聚醚砜(PES-C)、磺化酚酞型聚醚砜(SPES-C,DS=53.7%)制备出SPEEK/PES-C、SPEEK/SPES-C共混质子交换膜.结果表明,共混的两种聚合物之间均具有较好的相容性.PES-C、SPES-C的混入能有效降低膜的溶胀及甲醇透过,且随着共混量的增加,这种作用越趋明显.纯SPEEK膜在75℃左右溶解,而SPEEK/PES-C(30wt%)、SPEEK/SPES-C(30wt%)共混膜在80℃时溶胀度仅为22.5%、26.32%.在室温至80℃范围内,纯SPEEK及共混膜的甲醇透过系数都在10-7cm2.s-1数量级上,远小于Nafion115膜.在饱和湿度下,温度大于90℃时,SPEEK/PES-C(20wt%)共混膜电导率超过Nafion115膜;温度大于110℃时,SPEEK/SPES-C(30wt%)共混膜电导率与Nafion115膜相当,达到0.11S.cm-1.高电导率,低透醇系数以及明显提高了的可使用温度表明该类共混膜有望在DMFC中使用.     

含液晶离聚物共混体系的研究进展

液晶离聚物(liquid crystalline ionomers,LCIs)是一种具有液晶性能的离聚物,也可以说是带有离子基团的液晶聚合物.将液晶离聚物与其它热塑性聚合物熔融共混时,其既能起到液晶聚合物的高模量、高强度作用,同时也具有离子的增容剂作用.本文论述了液晶离聚物在共混体系中的研究进展.按照液晶离聚物所含离子的不同,论述了含有-COOH,-SO3H和≡N+ 的液晶离聚物对共混体系的增容和增强作用.考察了液晶离聚物对共混体系热力学性能、形态结构和力学性能的影响.     

Pyrolysis mass spectrometry analysis of poly(vinyl acetate), poly(methyl methacrylate) and their blend coalesced from inclusion compounds formed with γ-cyclodextrin

Direct insertion probe pyrolysis mass spectrometry (DIP-MS) analyses of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and binary PMMA/PVAc guests, coalesced from their inclusion compounds (ICs) formed with host γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) through removal of the γ-CD host, have been performed. A slight increase in the thermal stabilities of the coalesced polymers were recorded both by TGA and DIP-MS compared to the corresponding as-received polymers. The DIP-MS observations pointed out that the thermal stability and degradation products of these polymers are affected once they are included inside the IC channels created by the stacked host γ-CDs. DIP-MS observations suggested that the degradation mechanisms for PMMA and PVAc chains in their coalesced blend were significantly altered from those observed in their as-received and solution blended samples. This was attributed to the presence of specific molecular interactions between the intimately mixed PMMA and PVAc chains in their coalesced blend.     

相分离对聚偏氟乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共混物的力学与耐紫外老化性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制备聚偏氟乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯( PVDF/PMMA)共混物,考察其力学性能、耐紫外老化性能、熔体动态流变、结晶与热分解行为.PMMA含量(wPMMA)为10 wt％时,共混物形成均相结构,力学与耐老化性能最好.wPMMA≥20 wt％时,PMMA形成球状聚集体,共混物力学性能与耐候性显著降低.PMMA的存在可提高PVDF的结晶度,降低熔融温度,但不改变PVDF晶体结构.     

About the cure kinetics in natural rubber/styrene Butadiene rubber blends at 433 K

Vulcanized blends of elastomers are employed in several goods mainly to improve physical properties and reduce costs. One of the most used blends of this kind is that composed by natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). The cure kinetic of these blends depends mainly on the compound formulation and the cure temperature and time. The preparation method of the blends can influence the mechanical properties of the vulcanized compounds.