基于纳米氢氧化镁稳定的Pickering乳液悬浮聚合制备盔甲结构聚苯乙烯@氢氧化镁复合微球

以苯乙烯为单体、 偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、 片状纳米氢氧化镁(MH)为Pickering稳定剂, 采用悬浮聚合法制备盔甲结构的聚苯烯@氢氧化镁(PS@MH)复合微球. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 能谱分析(EDS)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 X射线衍射(XRD)、 热失重分析(TGA)和微型燃烧量热分析(MCC)等对PS@MH复合微球进行表征, 确认了其形貌和结构: 纳米氢氧化镁紧密包覆在聚苯乙烯微球表面, 形成了以纳米氢氧化镁为外层、 聚苯乙烯为内球的盔甲结构复合微球; 同时证明了具有盔甲结构的PS@MH复合微球能降低热释放速率, 抑制聚合物的降解. 该方法操作简单, 成本低廉, 制得的盔甲结构PS@MH复合微球粒径尺寸小、 分布窄, 球形度较高.     

Heterostructured Inter-Doped Ruthenium–Cobalt Oxide Hollow Nanosheet Arrays for Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting

The development of transition-metal-oxides (TMOs)-based bifunctional catalysts toward efficient overall water splitting through delicate control of composition and structure is a challenging task. Herein, the rational design and controllable fabrication of unique heterostructured inter-doped ruthenium–cobalt oxide [(Ru–Co)O_x] hollow nanosheet arrays on carbon cloth is reported. Benefiting from the desirable compositional and structural advantages of more exposed active sites, optimized electronic structure, and interfacial synergy effect, the (Ru–Co)O_x nanoarrays exhibited outstanding performance as a bifunctional catalyst. Particularly, the catalyst showed a remarkable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity with an overpotential of 44.1 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and a small Tafel slope of 23.5 mV dec⁻¹, as well as an excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with an overpotential of 171.2 mV at 10 mA cm⁻². As a result, a very low cell voltage of 1.488 V was needed at 10 mA cm⁻² for alkaline overall water splitting.     

ZnIn2S4/Au纳米片阵列的制备及其可见光响应光电化学固氮特性

采用简单的水热法合成出单晶ZnIn₂S₄纳米片阵列以实现可见光响应光电化学固氮。并采用光沉积法将超细Au纳米颗粒（5 nm）沉积于ZnIn₂S₄纳米片的棱角位置处,实现了可见光俘获和载流子分离能力的同时增强。当负载合适含量的Au纳米颗粒,ZnIn₂S₄纳米片阵列的光电固氮活性由1.092 μg·cm^-2·h^-1提升至2.262 μg·cm^-2·h^-1。我们还提出一个简单模型用以阐明其性能增强机制,这也被光致发光（PL）谱和光电化学（PEC）性能结果所证实。     

光沉积制备pSi@CoOx高性能锂离子电池负极材料

选用微米级商业硅铝合金粉末作为原料,采用酸刻蚀、光沉积和后续的还原过程制备了 CoO_x纳米片原位包覆的多孔硅复合材料。探究了不同光沉积时间对pSi@CoO_x材料形貌及其储锂性能的影响。CoO_x纳米片的引入有效改善了材料的导电性并提高了材料的结构稳定性,即使在1 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下循环200圈后,pSi@CoO_x-5的比容量仍能保持774.2 mAh·g~(-1)。     

BiOBr/BiPO4 p-n异质结光催化剂的一步水热法制备及性能

通过一步水热法成功地制备了BiOBr/BiPO_4 p-n异质结复合光催化剂。采用多种表征手段对样品物理属性进行了表征,包括X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N_2吸附-脱附等温线、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)。样品光催化活性通过可见光(λ420 nm)降解罗丹明B进行评价,考察了BiPO_4含量对所制备光催化材料活性的影响,通过捕获实验确定光催化反应中的主要活性物种,并提出了其光催化机理。研究结果表明,BiPO_4的最佳含量(物质的量分数)为10%,此时所制备催化剂活性最好,其反应速率常数为0.14 min~(-1),约为纯BiOBr的3.7倍,且3次循环使用后仍保持较高的催化活性。催化活性的提高主要由于BiOBr/BiPO_4 p-n异质结的形成,提高了光生载流子的分离效率,从而提高了光催化活性。同时,对污染物吸附能力的提高也起到促进作用。空穴和超氧基阴离子自由基是光催化过程中的主要活性物种,3种活性物种作用大小依次为空穴超氧阴离子自由基羟基自由基。     

柠檬酸辅助水热法制备可见光高效去除甲基橙的Bi2WO6纳米片

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和Na2WO3 ·2H2O为原料,以柠檬酸为络合剂,采用辅助水热法制备了Bi2WO6纳米片,运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、场发射高分辨透射电镜、拉曼光谱、红外光谱和紫外-可见漫反射光谱等手段对样品进行了表征,并考察了该催化剂光催化去除甲基橙反应性能.结果表明,通过调节体系的pH值可制得结晶度良好...     

Cyclodextrin-graphene hybrid nanosheets as enhanced sensing platform for ultrasensitive determination of carbendazim

In this paper, cyclodextrin-graphene hybrid nanosheets (CD-GNs) for the first time have been used as an enhanced material for ultrasensitive detection of carbendazim by electrochemistry method. The peak currents of carbendazim on the GNs modified glassy carbon electrode (GNs/GCE) and the CD-GNs/GCE are increased by 11.7 and 82.0 folds compared to the bare GCE, respectively. This indicates the nanocomposite film not only shows the excellent electrical properties of GNs but also exhibits high supramolecular recognition capability of CDs. At the CD-GNs/GCE, the peak currents increase linearly with the concentration of carbendazim in the range of 5 nM-0.45 μM. The detection limit of carbendazim reached to 2 nM on the basis of the signal-to-noise characteristics (S/N = 3) and the recoveries were between 98.9% and 104.5%. The developed electrochemical sensor exhibited good stability and reproducibility for the detection of carbendazim. And the CD-GNs based electrochemical sensor was also successfully demonstrated for the detection of carbendazim in water sample with satisfactory results. Furthermore, this simple sensing platform can in principle be extended to the detection of other benzimidazole fungicide which can form host-guest complexes with cyclodextrin.     

Conducting Graphene Decorated Li3V2(PO4)3/C for Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode with Superior Rate Capability and Cycling Stability

In this study, core‐shell structured Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C wrapped in graphene nanosheets has been successfully prepared. The reduction of graphene oxide and the synthesis of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C are carried out simultaneously using a chemical route followed by a solid‐state reaction. The effects of conducting graphene are studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectra and electrochemical measurements. The results reveal that the graphene sheets not only form a compact and uniform coating layer throughout the Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C, but also stretch out and cross‐link into a conducting network around the Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C particles. Thus, the graphene decorated Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C electrode exhibits superior high‐rate capability and long‐cycle stability. It delivers a reversible discharge capacity of 178.2 mAh·g^?1 after 60 cycles at a current density of 0.1 C, and the rate performances of 176, 169.3, 156.1 and 135.7 mAh·g^?1 at 1, 2, 5 and 10 C, respectively. The superior electrochemical properties make the graphene decorated Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C composite a promising cathode material for high‐performance lithium‐ion battery.     

BiOBr/g-C3N4 S型异质结无H2O2光-自芬顿高效催化降解RhB

通过焙烧-超声混合法成功地制备了BiOBr/g-C₃N₄ S型异质结复合光催化剂。采用多种表征手段对样品物理属性进行了表征,包括X射线多晶粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-VisDRS)。研究了所制备样品有/无Fe³⁺的光-自芬顿催化/光催化降解罗丹明B (RhB)性能。通过捕获实验确定了光催化反应中的主要活性物种,提出了光-自芬顿反应的降解机理。研究结果表明,BiOBr/g-C₃N₄ S型异质结能原位生成H₂O₂,添加Fe³⁺后,H₂O₂被原位活化成活性物种且光生电流和载流子分离效率获得显著提高。该光-自芬顿过程能高效降解RhB,其反应速率常数为0.208 min^-1,约为无Fe³⁺光催化反应速率常数的5.3倍,在光-自芬顿循环使用过程中表现出良好的稳定性。Fe³⁺的加入促进了光生电荷的分离和H₂O₂的活化,超氧阴离子自由基(·O₂^-)、空穴和羟基是光-自芬顿催化过程中的主要活性物种,且·O₂^-作用更大。     

类石墨烯C3N4纳米片光催化分解水制氢中的量子限域效应

从层状化合物获得的纳米片是一类新型纳米结构材料,这种二维各向异性的纳米甚至亚纳米级的材料具有独特的物理化学性能,其中最好的一个例证就是从石墨烯C₃N₄到石墨烯C₃N₄纳米片的转变。通过高温氧化热刻蚀方法将体相g-C₃N₄剥离成g-C₃N₄纳米片,应用于染料敏化可见光分解水产氢,表现出了较体相g-C₃N₄高于2.6倍的产氢速率。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）、荧光光谱和光电化学等表征研究了g-C₃N₄纳米片的结构及曙红（EY）和g-C₃N₄纳米片之间的电子迁移过程。热剥离后的g-C₃N₄纳米片具有较高的比表面积,不仅可以更为有效地吸附染料分子,还因其量子限域效应大大增强了光生电荷的分离效率和电子转移效率,改善了电子沿平面方向的传输能力以及光生载流子的寿命,从而显著提高g-C₃N₄纳米片的光催化产氢活性。