小檗碱C(9)位硫辛酸酯类化合物的设计合成及量子化学计算研究

现代医学研究证实,小檗碱具有显著的降糖活性和临床安全性。目前,临床应用的降糖药物能够有效控制血糖,但使用不方便,副作用的问题难以避免,且对胰岛素分泌不足、胰岛素抵抗等问题研究少之甚少。本文以小檗碱为先导化合物,对其C(9)位进行结构修饰,并在相应的位点引入具有抗氧化作用的硫辛酸,合成了小檗碱C(9)位硫辛酸酯及其类似物,希望能够得到一种具有双功能双位点的新型降糖药物,达到修复和改善胰岛功能的目的。中间体9-O-取代基类BBR的合成是反应中关键一步,通过量子化学计算比较了三种试剂1,2-二溴乙烷、2-溴乙醇、环氧乙烷的亲电反应能力,为后续中间体的合成工艺提供初步理论依据。     

小檗碱-I_3~-缔合微粒体系的光度分析应用

在稀HCl介质中,I_3~-在340 nm处有一吸收峰;当小檗碱(BB)与I_3~-共存时体系呈橙黄色,在580 nm处产生一共振散射峰。以试剂作参比,该缔舍微粒体系在530 nm产生一吸收峰,BB浓度在0～7.0×10~(-5)mol/L范围内与A_(530nm)呈线性,据此建立了一种测定小檗碱含量的分光光度新方法,并用于针剂样品中小檗碱测定,结果满意。同步散射光谱研究表明,BB~+与I_3~-可通过静电引力作用形成疏水性的(I_3-BB)缔合物分子,并进一步聚集形成稳定的(I_3-BB)_n缔合纳米微粒。由于该缔合纳米微粒在580 nm处产生共振散射效应,故体系呈橙黄色。     

中药黄连有效成分盐酸小檗碱与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

从天然中药材黄连中提取分离并精制得到盐酸小檗碱(BC),采用UV光谱和荧光光谱(FS)研究其与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用,解释了BC导致BSA的荧光发射光谱峰裂分的现象,其二重峰分别归属于色氨酸及酪氨酸残基.结果表明,静态猝灭和非辐射能量转移是导致BC对BSA荧光猝灭的两大原因,BC与BSA的表观结合常数K_A为8.66×10⁴L/mol(30℃)和8.72×10⁴L/mol(37℃),BC在BSA分子上的结合位点数为(3.1±0.2).BC与BSA分子中荧光性氨基酸残基之间的距离为3.75nm(30℃)和3.62nm(37℃),表明BC的部分片段能够插入BSA分子内部.热力学函数计算结果表明,该作用过程是一个熵增加、Gibbs自由能降低的自发超分子作用过程,并由此推断BC与BSA之间以疏水相互作用为主.     

小檗碱与人血清白蛋白结合的电喷雾离子阱质谱研究

以小檗碱与人血清白蛋白间的非共价结合作用为例,提出了一种应用电喷雾离子阱质谱(ESI-ITMS)研究蛋白-配体非共价结合稳定常数与结合计量比等特性的新方法。根据小檗碱与人血清白蛋白间的ESI-ITMS滴定实验结果,小檗碱与人血清白蛋白形成复合物的最大表观化学结合计量比为4.4∶1;根据ESI-ITMS滴定实验结果的Scatchard方程分析,小檗碱-人血清白蛋白复合物的表观稳定常数K值为1.29×105L/mol,结合位点数n为5.1;根据作用温度对复合物热力学常数△H、△S的影响,确定小檗碱与人血清白蛋白间的作用力主要为疏水作用力。实验结果与应用荧光法得到的结果基本一致。     

微波萃取-分光光度法研究关黄柏中小檗碱的提取

微波萃取是利用微波能来提高萃取率的-种新技术,用正交法优化微波萃取条件,与传统的酸碱法浸提小檗碱进行了对比研究,确定了微波萃取技术用于中药关黄柏中提取小檗碱的工艺条件.结果表明,使用微波萃取的优化条件为:80℃萃取温度,固液比为1:15,时间1.5min,传统溶剂法:萃取温度70℃,固液比为1:20,时间24h,与稀硫酸浸泡提取法相比,微波萃取工艺提取时间大大缩短,产量可提高30%,工艺操作简便、省时、节能,易于控制.     

Small molecule-biopolymer interactions: Ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy and chemometrics

Interactions between small molecules with biopolymers e.g. the bovine serum albumin (BSA protein), are important, and significant information is recorded in the UV-vis and fluorescence spectra of their reaction mixtures. The extraction of this information is difficult conventionally and principally because there is significant overlapping of the spectra of the three analytes in the mixture. The interaction of berberine chloride (BC) and the BSA protein provides an interesting example of such complex systems. UV-vis and fluorescence spectra of BC and BSA mixtures were investigated in pH 7.4 Tris-HCl buffer at 37 °C. Two sample series were measured by each technique: (1) [BSA] was kept constant and the [BC] was varied and (2) [BC] was kept constant and the [BSA] was varied. This produced four spectral data matrices, which were combined into one expanded spectral matrix. This was processed by the multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares method (MCR-ALS). The results produced: (1) the extracted pure BC, BSA and the BC-BSA complex spectra from the measured heavily overlapping composite responses, (2) the concentration profiles of BC, BSA and the BC-BSA complex, which are difficult to obtain by conventional means, and (3) estimates of the number of binding sites of BC.     

纳米金光度法测定药物中盐酸小檗碱

氯金酸用葡萄糖还原制得纳米金,最终获得浓度为2.4×10-4mol.L-1且呈酒红色的纳米金悬浮溶液。试验证实纳米金颗粒被均匀地分散在悬浮溶液中,其吸收光谱中在525 nm波长处出现一吸收峰。当在纳米金悬浮溶液中加入盐酸小檗碱,由于两者间的静电结合导致溶液在525 nm波长处的吸光度降低,且其降低的幅度与盐酸小檗碱浓度在2.0×10-7～3.0×10-6mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)为1.7×10-8mol.L-1。应用此方法分析了3个批号的药物盐酸小檗碱或片剂样品,所测得的结果与按药典方法测得结果相符。     

Electrochemical Oxidation of Berberine and of Its Oxidation Products at a Glassy Carbon Electrode

The electrochemical behavior of berberine, an isoquinoline plant alkaloid with a wide spectrum of physiological effects, was studied at a glassy carbon electrode using cyclic, differential pulse and square‐wave voltammetry. The oxidation of berberine is a quasireversible, diffusion‐controlled process and occurred in a cascade mechanism with the formation of several oxidation products. The diffusion coefficient of berberine was calculated from cyclic voltammetry studies to be D=1.69×10^?6 cm² s^?1. The oxidation process of berberine is also pH dependent and the number of electrons and protons transferred was determined using differential pulse voltammetry. The formation of several oxidation products that adsorbed at the glassy carbon electrode surface was observed and their electrochemical behavior characterized. A mechanism for the oxidation of berberine at a glassy carbon electrode was proposed.     

Study on the inclusion interactions of berberine hydrochloride and cucurbit[7] by spectrofluorimetry

The inclusion interaction between berberine hydrochloride(BRH) and cucurbit[7](CB[7]) has been studied by spectro-fluorimetry. The result showed that CB[7]interaction with BRH to form a stable inclusion complex with an association constant of 9.57×10~4 L/mol and the fluorescence intensity of the complex was enhanced in 17 times higher than that of the studied drug itself. Based on the significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity of B RH in inclusion complex,a spetrofluorimetric method with high sens...     

小檗碱-[AuI4]-缔合纳米微粒体系的吸收光谱研究及分析应用

在0.008 mol·L-1HCl介质中, Au(Ⅲ)与I-形成[AuI4]-; [AuI4]-和小檗碱(BB)通过静电引力作用形成疏水性的(AuI4-BB)缔合物分子. 由于(AuI4-BB)缔合物分子间存在较强的分子间作用力和疏水作用力而生成橙黄色(AuI4-BB)n缔合纳米微粒, 在520 nm处产生一个共振散射峰; 其吸收峰仍位于[AuI4]-的吸收峰350 nm处, 但在可见光范围内的吸光度增大. 在选定条件下, BB浓度在0.8×10-6～20×10-6 mol·L-1范围内与A450 nm呈线性关系. 实验结果表明, (AuI4-BB)n缔合纳米微粒的形成是产生共振散射的根本原因.