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161.
“Surface-photografting” with UV-irradiation of polypropylene (PP) fiber and film and high-strength polyethylene (HSPE) yarn has been made with acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) as monomers and benzophenone (BP), 4-chlorobenzophenone (4-BCP) and hydroxylcyclohexylacetophenone (HHA) as photoinitiators using a new continuous method. The grafting reaction occurs in a thin liquid layer on the fiber or film substrate, which is presoaked in a solution containing initiator and monomer. After irradiation with a highpressure mercury lamp, HPM 15 (2 kW) from Philips, for 5–20 sec at about 50°C the fiber and film surface is completely covered with a 2–8 nm thick layer of grafted polymer, analyzed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The grafting efficiency is 70–80%, i.e. only 20–30% of the polymer is homopolymer which can be removed by extraction. The grafted layers are so thin that they cannot be analyzed as weight increase (<0.1% of fiber weight). Absolute values for the amount of grafted AA polymer is analyzed by microtitration of the COOH groups at the fiber surface. The results agree well with the relative ESCA values. Grafting of commercial PP yarn with AA increases the adsorption of Crystal Violet dye with a factor of about 6. Grafting the same yarn with AM increases the adhesion to epoxy resin by a factor of 3–4 without affecting the mechanical properties of the fiber more than a few percent. For comparison, strips of blown PP film (5 mm wide) are modified by “surface-photografting” with AM. With increasing grafting, the contact angle for drops of distilled water decreases from 90° to 20°, indicating extensive wetting. The adhesion to epoxy resin increases from about 0.35 to 1.7 N/mm2, i.e. with a factor of about 5 when the film surface is completely covered. Other comparisons are made with grafting of commercial HSPE yarn. Grafting with AA increases the adsorption of Crystal Violet dye by a factor of about 6. Grafting with AM increases the adhesion to epoxy resin from 0.25 to 1.3 N/nm2, i.e. with a factor of 5. The bulk mechanical properties of the HSPE filaments are not affected by the grafting measured as tensile strength 2.7±0.1 GPa, elongation at break 4.8±0.3%, and Young's modulus 55±3 GPa, both before and after “surface-photografting”. 相似文献
162.
Influence of alkyl chains length on the conformation and solubilization properties of amphiphilic carboxymethylpullulans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Widad Henni-Silhadi Michel Deyme Marta Ruiz de Hoyos Didier Le Cerf Luc Picton Véronique Rosilio 《Colloid and polymer science》2008,286(11):1299-1305
The existence of inter- and/or intramolecular interactions in aqueous solutions of hydrophobically modified polysaccharides
induces specific macromolecular conformations at the air–solution interface and in the bulk, where hydrophobic microdomains
may be formed. The present work focuses on the interfacial and solubilizing properties of amphiphilic pullulans (CMP12C8, CMP7C14, and CMP4C16) differing in the length and percentage of alkyl chains grafted to the anhydroglucose units. The surface tension studies
of these polymers evidence a marked difference between the interfacial properties of CMP12C8 on one hand and those of CMP7C14 and CMP4C16 on the other hand. Pyrene fluorescence spectroscopy and benzophenone solubilization experiments demonstrate a similar partition.
Increasing alkyl chains length from eight up to 14 or 16 carbons improves the solubilization properties of nonpolar molecules,
even though at the same time, the average number of grafted chains per 100 anhydroglucose units is decreased from 12 down
to seven and four for the three compounds, respectively. 相似文献
163.
制备出2种含有单羟基的二苯甲酮类化合物: 4-[(2-羟乙基)(甲基)氨苯基]苯甲酮(NBP)与(4-氯苯基)[4-(2-羟乙基)(甲基)氨基]苯甲酮(NBP-Cl), 以此为引发剂引发D,L-丙交酯聚合制备不同分子量的聚乳酸(PLA), 并对其进行结构表征和性能测试. 光学测试结果表明, 在室温条件下, NBP和NBP-Cl仅具有荧光发射性能, 而PLA表现出荧光和室温磷光双重发光性能; 重原子效应导致聚合物室温磷光增强, 但磷光寿命减少; 随着PLA分子量的减小, 聚合物磷光寿命先增加后减少. PLA的热重分析数据显示其具有优异的热学性能, 大大拓宽了该双重发光材料的应用范围. 相似文献
164.
In this paper, we have presented a range of new nitro-stilbene derivatives with benzophenones via ether or ester bridged bond.
These nitro-stilbene derivatives with benzophenones have been conveniently obtained by condensation reaction. The linked benzophenones
were efficiently introduced to nitro-stilbene dyes. The structures of these compounds have been characterized with NMR and
element analysis. The single crystals of two target compounds (11 and 12) have been obtained, and their X-ray crystallographic data have been determined and discussed. Remarkably different absorption
and fluorescence spectroscopy was observed for nitro-stilbene derivatives with benzophenones via different linked bonds. The
results show that electron-donating or electron withdrawing bridged bonds have significant influence on the absorption and
fluorescence spectroscopy, which makes it possible for the development of ideal nitro-stilbene dyes with benzophenones through
chemical strategy. 相似文献
165.
利用时间分辨的激光闪光光解方法在1∶1乙腈/水溶液中得到了4种核苷酸和芳香酮的瞬态吸收光谱,通过瞬态吸收光谱的变化研究了鸟苷酸、腺苷酸、胞苷酸、胸腺苷酸猝灭二苯甲酮、呫吨酮激发三重态的反应。由于实验中生成了抽氢自由基和负离子自由基,以及核苷酸正离子在水中的快速抽氢反应,推断出芳香酮和鸟苷酸、腺苷酸的反应机理是先发生电子转移后发生质子转移。而在芳香酮和胞苷酸、胸腺苷酸的反应中没有观察到相应的抽氢自由基和负离子自由基的瞬态吸收峰,由此推断出它们和胞苷酸、胸腺苷酸没有发生电子转移和质子转移反应。对瞬态吸收峰处的时间衰减曲线进行拟合得到了核苷酸猝灭芳香酮的速率常数,可以看到随着反应自由能变ΔG的增大,反应速率常数逐渐减小。 相似文献
166.
167.
Folmer BM 《Advances in colloid and interface science》2003,103(2):99-119
An overview is given of sterol surfactants, including raw material aspects, classification and synthesis routes, physico-chemical behaviour and applications in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. 相似文献
168.
The determination of radical ions is crucial in mechanistic studies of reactions in which single electron transfer is suspected. A 13C NMR method based on the interaction of radical anions with tetrahydrofuran (THF) molecules is presented; measurements of the broadening of the THF α-carbon signal allow determination of the substrate concentration in the range 0.2–1.2 M . The spectacular effect observed on addition of small amounts of benzene greatly improved the method. In addition, studies of the spin-lattice, T1, and of the transverse nuclear, T2, relaxation times and of the effects of added co-solvents allow the proposal of the bonding situation and of the degree of coordination in the radical anion-cation-THF molecules' complex. 相似文献
169.
Yasuhiro Shiraishi Yugo Furubayashi Go Nishimura Takayuki Hirai 《Journal of luminescence》2007,126(1):68-76
Sensitized luminescence behavior of lanthanide (Ln=Eu3+, Tb3+) macrocyclic cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) complexes bearing one or four benzophenone (BP) moieties as antenna (LnL1 and LnL4) has been studied in water. Despite higher molar extinction coefficient of EuL4 owing to four antennae, it shows only one-thirtieth the luminescence intensity of EuL1. Energy level of triplet excited-state of BP antenna (ET) is only a few kJ mol−1 higher than that of 5D2 excited-state of Eu3+, thus promoting a back energy transfer (BET) from 5D2 of Eu3+ to ground-state BP antennae. On EuL4 bearing four antennae, BET occurs more rapidly than that on EuL1, thus exhibiting much weaker luminescence. For Tb complexes, the energy gap between ET of BP antenna and 5D4 excited state of Tb3+ is large enough (>13 kJ mol−1), such that practically no BET occurs. The luminescence intensity of TbL4 is, however, lower (two-third) than that of TbL1. Time-resolved luminescence measurement reveals that hydration number of Tb3+ within TbL4 is twice that within TbL1. This is because the structural distortion of ligands on TbL4, caused by an intramolecular dipole-dipole interaction among the BP antennae, allows coordination of higher number of H2O molecules to Tb3+, thus leading to a strong Tb luminescence quenching via O-H oscillators. 相似文献
170.
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for simultaneous quantification of limonoid aglycones and glucosides on a reversed phase C18 column using a binary solvent system, coupled with diode array detector. Seven limonoids such as limonin, nomilin, isolimonic acid, ichangin, isoobacunoic acid, limonin 17-β-d glucopyranoside and deacetyl nomilinic acid 17-β-d glucopyranoside were separated and detected at 210 nm. Furthermore, limonoids were separated, identified and quantified in four varieties of citrus fruits and seeds using developed method. Limonin and limonin glucoside were found to be the predominant limonoid aglycone and glucoside, respectively, in all tested samples. The sensitivity of the method was found to be 0.25–0.50 μg for tested limonoids. 相似文献