苯和甲醇在H-ZSM-5催化剂上甲基化的反应机理

采用our own-N-layered integrated molecular orbital+molecular mechanics(ONIOM)和密度泛函理论(DFT)结合的方法,在5T、12T、104T_9和104T_(12)H-ZSM-5模型中研究了苯和甲醇甲基化的分步和协同机理。描述了中间体物种和过渡态的结构。考察了H-ZSM-5催化剂Br?nsted(B)酸强度对苯和甲醇甲基化反应机理的影响。反应活化能结果表明,在B酸强度更强的H-ZSM-5催化剂上,苯和甲醇甲基化反应更容易发生,反应活化能更低。随着B酸强度增强,分步机理的反应活化能比协同机理的反应活化能降低的更多。B酸强度增强对分步机理更有利。当分步机理成为主导反应路径时,分步机理中甲醇脱水步骤生成的甲氧基中间体进一步生成大体积烃类的副反应会导致H-ZSM-5催化剂因积炭而失活。合理调变H-ZSM-5催化剂的酸强度对提高催化剂的催化活性和稳定性有重要意义。     

二组分系统的压缩系数和热压力系数

热压力系数(?p/?T)v是液体的一个重要性质,它与液体的许多性质有直接的联系.如它与液体内压(?U/?V)_T之间的关系为而内压又是液体最基本的性质之一。故热压力系数的测量是了解液体性质的重要实验工作。     

Volumetric Properties of Ternary–Pseudobinary Mixtures [(Styrene + Ethyl Acetate or Benzene) + (<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone + Ethyl Acetate or Benzene)]

The densities of the ternary-pseudobinary mixtures [(styrene + ethyl acetate or benzene) + (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone + ethyl acetate or benzene)], formed by adding the third component (ethyl acetate or benzene) to the binary system (styrene + ethyl acetate), have been measured as a function of composition by means of a vibrating-tube densimeter at atmospheric pressure at 298.15 K. The excess molar volumes V _m ^E were calculated from the densities and correlated using the Redlich–Kister equation to estimate the coefficients and standard errors. The experimental and calculated quantities are used to discuss the mixing behavior of the components. The results show that the third component, ethyl acetate or benzene, have quite different influences on the interaction between styrene and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.     

高活性低失活In(OH)3纳米晶光催化剂的制备和表征

采用超声沉淀法从In(NO3)3制备出了In(OH)3纳米晶体, 发现其在254 nm紫外光照射下对苯催化活性和活性稳定性比P25-TiO2高得多.     

Aromaticity changes along the reaction coordinate connecting the cyclobutadiene dimer to cubane and the benzene dimer to hexaprismane

Aromaticity and reactivity are two deeply connected concepts. Most of the thermally allowed cycloadditions take place through aromatic transition states, while transition states of thermally forbidden reactions are usually less aromatic, if at all. In this work, we perform a numerical experiment to discuss the change of aromaticity that occurs along the reaction paths that connect two antiaromatic units of cyclobutadiene to form cubane and two aromatic rings of benzene to yield hexaprismane. It is found that the aromaticity profile along the reaction coordinate of the [4+4] cycloaddition of two antiaromatic cyclobutadiene molecules goes through an aromatic highest energy point and finishes to an antiaromatic cubane species. Up to our knowledge, this represents the first example of a theoretically and thermally forbidden reaction path that goes through an intermediate aromatic region. In contrast, the aromaticity profile in the [6+6] cycloaddition of two aromatic benzene rings show a slow steady decrease of aromaticity from reactants to the highest energy point and from this to the final hexaprismane molecule a plunge of aromaticity is observed. In both systems, the main change of aromaticity occurs abruptly near the highest energy point, when the distance between the centers of the two rings is about 2.2 Å.     

Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in blood and urine: Application to people exposed to air pollutants

Summary To assess individual exposure to monoaromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes-BTEX) in biological fluids, a GC-MS method was developed. Headspace sampling of BTEX was by solidphase microextraction (SPME) with a 75 μm Carboxenpolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber. Linearity was established for concentrations up to 50 μg L⁻¹. Detection limits, calculated both in human blood and urine, ranged 5–10 ng L⁻¹. Repeatability was in the range 6.5–9.2% for all compounds. The method was applied to the evaluation of the internal dose of BTEX in a group of cyclists running for 2 h within city routes. Benzene and toluene in blood, and toluene and xylenes in urine significantly increased after exercise as compared to prerun values, such changes being consistent with airborne concentrations. The combination of SPME with GC-MS seems to represent an appropriate analytical approach to detect changes in the concentration of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in biological media resulting from exposure to environmental pollution.     

Solubility data for benzene in aqueous solutions of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and of diglycolamine (DGA)

Specially designed equipment based on a static-analytic method with Rolsi™ pneumatic samplers for on line gas chromatograph analysis has been used for this work. Operating pressures and temperatures are between 0.3 and 10 MPa and between 293 and 393 K. Vapor pressures over liquid-liquid mixtures and benzene solubility data are reported herein for benzene with amine aqueous solutions (methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and diglycolamine (DGA)). Modelling of solubility data is achieved using a simple model based on activity coefficients.     

Lethal Effect of Benzene Nitrogen Mustard Glucoside Derivate on K562 Cells

A new synthesized benzene nitrogen mustard was converted into glycosyl donor-trichloroacetimidate that was glycosylated with p-nitrophenol（glycosyl donors） to form β-lactosyl p-nitrobenzene under the protection of acetyl in a stereoselective manner, was prepared and evaluated for its cytotoxicity towards cultured K562 cell line. Methylthiazoy tetrazolium（MTT） assay, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, flow cytometry（FCM） and immunohistochemistry were utilized to explore the mechanisms of how the compound arrests the growth of HCT-T cells. This new synthesed benzene nitrogen mustard glucoside derivate（BNMGD） presented a lower toxicity to normal cells, but is significantly more toxic to K562 cells compared with nitrogen mustard, meanwhile it can induce the apoptosis of K562 cells. These results indicate that the new synthesized BNMGD can inhibit the growth of K562 cells and induce the apoptosis, and its cytotoxicity towards cultured K562 cell line is much more effective than that of nitrogen mustard.     

Characterization of C12A7-O- Catalyst and Mechanism of Phenol Formation by Hydroxylation of Benzene

The benzene conversion and phenol selectivity from C6H6/O2/H2O over Ca24Al28O644+·4O-(C12A7-O-) catalyst were investigated using a flow reactor. The benzene conversion increases with the increase of temperature, and the phenol selectivity mainly depends on both reaction temperature and the composition of the mixtures. The changes of the catalyst structure before and after the reactions and the intermediates on the catalyst surface and in the bulk were investigated by XRD, EPR and FT-IR. The catalytic reactions do not cause any damage to the structure of the positively charged lattice framework C12A7-O-, but part of the O- and O2- species in the bulk of C12A7-O- translate to OH- after the reactions. The neutral species and anion intermediate were investigated by Q-MS and TOF-MS respectively. It is suggested that the active O- and OH- species played a key role in the process of phenol formation.     

Heat dissipation in two-terminal Benzene junction

We investigate the heat dissipation mechanism in the Benzene molecular junctions. Using the tight-binding model and the generalised Green’s function formalism, heat dissipation in the electrodes is studied numerically. Results reveal a strong dependence of heat dissipation on the transmission characteristics and the bill polarity. For a pure Benzene molecular junctions, regardless the electrodes positions, namely meta, ortho and para configurations, heat dissipates in a symmetric fashion at both electrodes and does not rely on the bias polarity. This feature is a consequence of a symmetric transmission function over the energy spectrum of incoming electrons. Introducing a single impurity on the Benzene molecule, we force the model to lose its particle-hole symmetry and a drastic change occurs in the heat dissipation of the junction.