Weak dihydrogen bond interactions in organic crystals

Database analysis on H ? H interactions of the type CH₂ ? H₂C and N-H ? H-N in organic crystals substantiate the occurrence of dihydrogen bonds in the absence of metal atoms.     

Crystal Structure of Chlorinate （N,N-1,3-Dibenzyl-benzimidazole） Hydrate

1 INTRODUCTION Benzimidazole is an interesting heterocyclic ring because it is present in various naturally occurring drugs, such as omeprazole, astemizole and emedastine difumarate[1]. The efficacy of substituted benzimidazoles in the treatment of parasitic infections is well known[2～4], and the pharmacophores in parasitic chemotherapy are established by benzimidazole-substituted moieties. Bis(2-benzimidazoles) and some substituted bis- (benzimi-dazol-2-yl) alkanes have attracted much…     

Formation of Tertiary 3-Nitro Allylic Alcohol by Condensation of 2-Chloroiso- butyrophenone with Nitromethanide Anion: Estimation of Gibbs Free Enthalpies of Reaction in Solution for the Reaction Mechanism [1]

Summary. The reaction of 2-chloroisobutyrophenones and nitromethanide anion gives stereoselectively (E)-3-nitro allylic alcohols. The Gibbs free enthalpies of reaction in DMSO for carbanion addition, epoxide formation, and rearrangement to 3-nitro allylic alcohol, as elementary steps for the reaction, were estimated from corresponding neutral gas reactions and using a thermodynamical approach to the transfer of gaseous compounds to DMSO. A criterion for assigning the sign of affinity of liquid compounds to DMSO was developed on the basis of the Gibbs enthalpies of liquefaction. The information obtained on reaction rate and thermodynamic viability of the steps indicates that carbanion addition is the rate-determining step.In memory of Prof. Dr. M. Ballester, deceased on April 6, 2005     

New mixed tellurides of nickel and Group 13–14 metals Ni<Subscript>3−δ</Subscript>MTe<Subscript>2</Subscript> (M = Sn,In, Ga)

Three new mixed tellurides of nickel and group 13–14 metals Ni_3−δMTe₂ (M = Sn, In, Ga) were prepared by high-temperature ampoule synthesis and studied by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound Ni_3−δSnTe₂ was also studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The structural model of this phase and two analogs was described as consisting of layers with nickel-main group metal bonds confined from the above by tellurium atoms. The van der Waals gap formed through contacts between the tellurium atoms of neighboring layers is partially occupied by nickel atoms. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1879–1881, October, 2007.     

Steric control over hydrogen bonding in crystalline organic solids: a structural study of N,N'-dialkylthioureas

Hydrogen bonding in crystalline N,N'-dialkylthioureas was examined with the help of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, DFT calculations, and Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) analysis. A CSD survey indicated that unlike the related urea derivatives, which persistently self-assemble into one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded chains, the analogous thioureas can form two different hydrogen-bonding motifs in the solid state: chains, structurally similar with those found in ureas, and dimers, that further associate into hydrogen-bonded layers. The formation of one motif or another can be manipulated by the bulkiness of the organic substituents on the thiourea group, which provides a clear example of steric control over the hydrogen bonding arrangement in crystalline organic solids.     

Thermodynamic study of the three isomers of bromo and iodobenzoic acids. Part II

Using our technique of combustion of small amount of a substance, we determined by calorimetry the standard molar enthalpy of formation in the condensed state and atT=298.15 K of the three isomers of bromo and iodobenzoic acids. Associating to these values their standard molar enthalpies of sublimation previously measured, it was possible to determine their standard molar enthalpies of formation in the gaseous state and atT=298.15 K. The experimental values of the thermodynamic properties _f H _m ^o (cr, 298.15 K), _f H _m ^o (cr, 298.15 K), _sub H _m ^o (298.15 K), and _f H _m ^o (g, 298.15 K) are given for the two series. From the experimental value of the standard molar enthalpy of atomization, it was possible to determine an enthalpy value for the C_b-Br and C_b-I bonds. The experimental and theoretical values of the resonance energy of bromo and iodobenzoic acids are compatible. The relative stability of some monosubstituted derivatives of benzoic acid studied in our laboratory is also discussed.Part I is concerned with Ref. 22 (for bromobenzoic acids) and with Ref. 23 (for iodobenzoic acids).     

Intramolecular hydrogen bonds and conformations of the 1,4-butanediol molecule

IR and Raman spectra of 1,4-butanediol (BD) versus variations in the medium (CCl₄, CH₃CN), concentration, temperature, and phase state were obtained. The observed changes attest to the conformational variety of BD molecules under the experimental conditions. On the basis of the analysis of the v(OH) region it is concluded that both in the gas phase and in CCl₄ solution conformers of BD with free OH groups coexist with conformers with O-H...O intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The difference in enthalpies, H, for the groups of conformers with and without intramolecular hydrogen bonds was found from the temperature dependence of the v(OH)_free and v(OH)_intra band intensities. The structures and energies for 70 possible spectrally and energetically distinguishable conformers of BD that do not take into account intramolecular hydrogen bonds were calculated by molecular mechanics with account of electron lone pairs of oxygen atoms. Using the experimental values of H and the calculated relative conformer energies,E, the intramolecular hydrogen bond energyE _intra= 3.7 kcal mol^–1 was found.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1572–1577, September, 1993.