Recent progress of computational investigation on anode materials in Li ion batteries

Computations have been widely used to explore new Li ion battery materials because of its remarkable advantages. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on computational investigation on anode materials in Li ion batteries. By introducing the computational studies on Li storage capability in carbon nanotubes, graphene, alloys and oxides, we reveal that computations have successfully addressed many fundamental problems and are powerful tools to understand and design new anode materials for Li ion batteries.     

低能离子束诱导Ag表面纳米金字塔微结构

利用离子束溅射诱导实验方法,在单晶Si(100)基底上辅助沉积银膜,研究了低能Ar+离子束30°入射时,不同离子束能量和束流密度以及基底温度对Ag纳米结构的影响.结果表明:在较低基底温度下(32~100℃)辅助沉积银膜,膜层表面会呈现排列紧密、晶粒尺寸一致的金字塔状纳米结构.当温度升高时(32~200℃),纳米微结构横向尺寸λc迅速增加,而粗糙度先减小(32~100℃)后迅速增大(100~200℃);当离子束能量1 400eV、束流密度15~45μA/cm2时,在相同温度下,随着离子束束流密度的增大,纳米晶粒横向尺寸基本不变,粗糙度略有增加;当离子束流密度为15μA/cm2、能量1 000~1 800eV时,在相同温度下,随着离子束能量的增加,银纳米结构尺寸增加,而表面粗糙度先增加,然后缓慢减小.自组织纳米结构的转变是溅射粗糙化和表面驰豫机制相互作用的结果.     

反应离子刻蚀ZnTe的THz辐射和探测研究

运用电光采样技术揭示了反应离子刻蚀（RIE）ZnTe晶体表面THz辐射的光学整流产生机制， 观察到0.25 ps的THz场分布.通过比较刻蚀前后以及不同刻蚀条件下ZnTe样品在不同激发功 率下的THz辐射强度，发现由于反应离子刻蚀破坏了ZnTe样品表面的有序性，晶体的电光系 数随射频功率的增加而减小.借助于计算不同刻蚀条件下ZnTe晶体的频率响应函数，分析了 随射频功率增加ZnTe晶体响应频谱展宽的现象. 关键词： THz辐射 反应离子刻蚀 ZnTe     

掺钕磷酸盐激光玻璃的光谱特性

掺钕激光玻璃广泛应用于核聚变、高功率激光放大器和光纤激光器等领域。磷酸盐玻璃热膨胀系数高、热稳定性和化学稳定性差、热机械强度低。通过改变玻璃组分,即添加Al2O3和F2,并改进制备工艺来降低热膨胀系数,除去铂和分子水。测量了磷酸盐玻璃中Nd3+离子的荧光光谱、吸收光谱及玻璃的热膨胀系数。根据吸收光谱计算掺钕磷酸盐激光玻璃的光谱参数。通过对掺钕磷酸盐玻璃的热膨胀系数的实际测量和计算,分析了玻璃的热稳定性。结果表明,在基质玻璃中引入Al2O3使激光玻璃的热膨胀系数可降低到α=38.75×10-7/℃,引入F2既达到了除水的目的又降低了玻璃的声子能量,提高了荧光发射的量子效率,并优化了光谱性能,拓展了掺钕磷酸盐激光玻璃的应用范围。     

载能团簇离子诱发的非线性二次离子发射

载能团簇离子进入固体时, 由于集体相互作用,在入射路径上产生非常高的能量沉积密度。 实验发现, 载能团簇离子的作用结果并不等于团簇中各原子独立作用的总和, 而是具有非线性效应。 就二次离子发射而言, 这种非线性通常与团簇的能量、 团簇的大小、 离子的电荷态以及靶物质的结构有关。 通过研究二次离子发射有助于理解载能团簇离子与物质相互作用过程中的能量沉积与释放机制。 Using energetic cluster as projectile is a unique way to produce simultaneous impacts of several atoms and deposit extremely high energy density in a very small area. The cluster impingement on solids has exhibited some non linear effects not presented in collisions of individual atoms with those solids. The study of the secondary ion emissions can give insight into the energy deposition and relaxation steps of the cluster solid interaction. The dependence of the yields of secondary ion emission induced by clusters on the energy of clusters,cluster sizes,charge states and material structures of the targets was reviewed in this paper.     

Ion-trap quantum information processing:experimental status

Atomic ions trapped in ultra-high vacuum form an especially well-understood and useful physical system for quantum information processing. They provide excellent shielding of quantum information from environmental noise, while strong, well-controlled laser interactions readily provide quantum logic gates. A number of basic quantum information protocols have been demonstrated with trapped ions. Much current work aims at the construction of large-scale ion-trap quantum computers using complex microfabricated trap arrays. Several groups are also actively pursuing quantum interfacing of trapped ions with photons.      

Deposition of TiSiN coatings by arc ion plating process

Titanium silicon nitride (TiSiN) thin films were deposited on tungsten cemented carbide tools by cathode arc ion plating (AIP) process using alloy TiSi targets. The effects of silicon addition and negative substrate bias on the development of the textures of films were studied systematically by varying the bias voltage from −20 to −200 V. The structural features of the films were investigated in detail using X-ray diffraction. The effect of the texture on such mechanical properties as hardness and adhesion of the films was also studied. A maximum hardness of 42 GPa was obtained at a DC substrate bias of −150 V. The characteristics of TiSiN thin films exhibited excellent adhesion of over 150 N. The cutting performance of end-mills and drillers was evaluated by milling and drilling of highly hardened material under high-speed cutting conditions. The results reveal that cutting tools with TiSiN coatings markedly outperformed those with TiN coatings, and the uncoated cutting tools. TiSiN coating increased the cutting lifetime to seven times that of the uncoated one.     

Ferromagnetism of MnxLiyZn1−x−yO films

We had prepared Mn-doped ZnO and Li, Mn codoped-ZnO films with different concentrations using spin coating method. Crystal structure and magnetic measurements demonstrate that the impurity phases (ZnMnO₃) are not contributed to room temperature ferromagnetism and the ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO film is intrinsic. Interesting, saturated magnetization decreases with Mn or Li concentration increase, showing that some antiferromagnetism exists in the samples with high Mn or Li concentration. In addition, Mn_0.05Zn_0.95O film annealed in vaccum shows larger ferromagnetism than the as-prepared sample and more oxygen vacancies induced by annealing in reducing atmosphere enhance ferromagnetism, which supports the bound magnetic polaron model on the origin of room temperature ferromagnetism.     

Performance of GPRML-AR system in perpendicular magnetic recording channel with thermal decay

The bit-error rate (BER) performance of the generalized partial response maximum likelihood with autoregressive (GPRML-AR) channel model system in perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) channel with thermal decay is obtained. The 128/130(0,16/8) run-length-limited (RLL) code is used as a recording code. The GPR channel consists of the PR1 channel followed by the reduction circuit of predicted noise. The BER performance is evaluated by computer simulation using a thermal decay model. The model has been obtained by using an approximate equation that represents amplitude degradation of the reproducing waveform with elapsed time based on the experimental data for CoPtCr-SiO₂ PMR media. The Viterbi detector with an AR channel model is employed. Furthermore, long-term degradation of the required SNR to achieve a BER of 10⁻⁴ with elapsed time is obtained and the performance is compared with that of PR1ML system. The results show that the poorer the thermal stability of the medium becomes, the larger the SNR gain of the GPR1ML-AR system over the PR1ML system becomes. The SNR gain also increases with elapsed time.     

Medium modified fragmentation function:equivalence of the ACSX and QW formalisms in the high-Q~2 region

We study the medium modified fragmentation function in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We show that the ACSX and QW formalisms are equivalent to each other in the high-Q² limit in both theoretical and numerical aspects.