Physical properties of Zn‐ 22 wt.% Al‐ x wt.% Ce melt spun eutectoid alloy

Zn‐ 22 wt.% Al (Zn ‐ 40 Al in atomic%) eutectoid alloys with different Cerium (Ce) contents of 0, 1, 2, and 6 (in wt.%), 0.35, 0.70 and 2.1 (in atomic%) were rapidly solidified by melt spun technique. The effects of high cooling rate and alloying element (Ce) on microstructure of the studied alloys were analyzed by X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical resistance measurements. The results showed that the dendrites as well as grains size were refined by the additions of Ce. The main phases in melt spun alloys were α‐Al and η‐Zn, in addition to intermetallic CeZn₅ and Al₄Ce. Additional metastable intermetallic Al_0.71Zn_0.29 phase has been observed only for melt spun alloy of 6 wt.% Ce content. XRD peaks of melt spun alloys demonstrated a considerable broadening with percentage of Ce due to the grain refinement and lattice distortion. Moreover, increase of Ce content results in a decrease of Al lattice constant which could be related to formation of supersaturated solid solution of Zn and/or Ce in α‐Al. Crystallite size of all phases were in the range of nanometer scale which reflects the role of the high cooling rate and the existence of Ce as alloying element for producing nanocrystalline structure. Resistance measurements of melt spun alloys show that the relative resistance rate for the alloys of higher Ce content relaxed faster to lower value than that of lower Ce content. Electrical resistance and microstructure exhibit strongly Ce content dependence.     

菲涅尔双棱镜干涉实验中双棱镜两种放置方法的讨论

在菲涅尔双棱镜干涉实验中,双棱镜有两种不同的放置方法,分析了这两种放置方法中两虚光源的距离、干涉区域范围、干涉条纹间距、干涉条纹数目应相同,因而得到双棱镜的两种放置方法是等价的结论。     

Multi-objective optimization of gradient coil for benchtop magnetic resonance imaging system with high-resolution

Significant high magnetic gradient field strength is essential to obtaining high-resolution images in a benchtop mag- netic resonance imaging （BT-MRI） system with permanent magnet. Extending minimum wire spacing and maximum wire width of gradient coils is one of the key solutions to minimize the maximum current density so as to reduce the local heating and generate higher magnetic field gradient strength. However, maximum current density is hard to optimize together with field linearity, stored magnetic energy, and power dissipation by the traditional target field method. In this paper, a new multi-objective method is proposed to optimize the maximum current density, field linearity, stored magnetic energy, and power dissipation in MRI gradient coils. The simulation and experimental results show that the minimum wire spacings are improved by 159% and 62% for the transverse and longitudinal gradient coil respectively. The maximum wire width increases from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. Maximum gradient field strengths of 157 mT/m and 405 mT/m for transverse and lon- gitudinal coil are achieved, respectively. The experimental results in BT-MRI instrument demonstrate that the MRI images with in-plane resolution of 50 ~tm can be obtained by using the designed coils.     

不同链长的聚醚铵阳离子协同插层对蒙脱土性能的影响

为了制备高性能的聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料, 必须对蒙脱土(MMT)进行有机改性来改善蒙脱土表面的疏水性、提高蒙脱土与聚合物之间的相容性, 同时也需要尽可能地增大蒙脱土的层间距. 为此, 提出了一种采用不同链长的聚醚铵阳离子协同插层MMT 的新方法, 即采用D2000(或T5000)聚醚铵盐与D400 聚醚铵盐协同插层MMT, 并采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)和热重分析(TGA)研究了协同插层对改性MMT 的层间距、有机含量以及耐热性的影响. 另外, 也研究了插层过程中的搅拌方式和D400 聚醚铵盐多次插层对改性MMT 的层间距、有机含量等的影响. 研究结果表明,采用长链聚醚铵阳离子协同插层更有利于提高D400 聚醚铵盐改性MMT 的层间距和有机含量; T5000 协同插层MMT中总的有机含量(64.06%)进一步增加, 这可能是因为T5000 的支链在MMT 层间形成的笼型结构既提供了更大的空隙,又起到了屏蔽作用, 同时也得到了较大的层间距(6.86 nm).     

An interconnecting bus power optimization method combining interconnect wire spacing with wire ordering

On-chip interconnect buses consume tens of percents of dynamic power in a nanometer scale integrated circuit and they will consume more power with the rapid scaling down of technology size and continuously rising clock frequency, therefore it is meaningful to lower the interconnecting bus power in design. In this paper, a simple yet accurate interconnect parasitic capacitance model is presented first and then, based on this model, a novel interconnecting bus optimization method is proposed. Wire spacing is a process for spacing wires for minimum dynamic power, while wire ordering is a process that searches for wire orders that maximally enhance it. The method, i.e., combining wire spacing with wire ordering, focuses on bus dynamic power optimization with a consideration of bus performance requirements. The optimization method is verified based on various nanometer technology parameters, showing that with 50% slack of routing space, 25.71% and 32.65% of power can be saved on average by the proposed optimization method for a global bus and an intermediate bus, respectively, under a 65-nm technology node, compared with 21.78% and 27.68% of power saved on average by uniform spacing technology. The proposed method is especially suitable for computer-aided design of nanometer scale on-chip buses.     

Self-Organization,Entropy Generation Rate,and Boundary Defects: A Control Volume Approach

Self-organization that leads to the discontinuous emergence of optimized new patterns is related to entropy generation and the export of entropy. Compared to the original pattern that the new, self-organized pattern replaces, the new features could involve an abrupt change in the pattern-volume. There is no clear principle of pathway selection for self-organization that is known for triggering a particular new self-organization pattern. The new pattern displays different types of boundary-defects necessary for stabilizing the new order. Boundary-defects can contain high entropy regions of concentrated chemical species. On the other hand, the reorganization (or refinement) of an established pattern is a more kinetically tractable process, where the entropy generation rate varies continuously with the imposed variables that enable and sustain the pattern features. The maximum entropy production rate (MEPR) principle is one possibility that may have predictive capability for self-organization. The scale of shapes that form or evolve during self-organization and reorganization are influenced by the export of specific defects from the control volume of study. The control volume (CV) approach must include the texture patterns to be located inside the CV for the MEPR analysis to be applicable. These hypotheses were examined for patterns that are well-characterized for solidification and wear processes. We tested the governing equations for bifurcations (the onset of new patterns) and for reorganization (the fine tuning of existing patterns) with published experimental data, across the range of solidification morphologies and nonequilibrium phases, for metallic glass and featureless crystalline solids. The self-assembling features of surface-texture patterns for friction and wear conditions were also modeled with the entropy generation (MEPR) principle, including defect production (wear debris). We found that surface texture and entropy generation in the control volume could be predictive for self-organization. The main results of this study provide support to the hypothesis that self-organized patterns are a consequence of the maximum entropy production rate per volume principle. Patterns at any scale optimize a certain outcome and have utility. We discuss some similarities between the self-organization behavior of both inanimate and living systems, with ideas regarding the optimizing features of self-organized pattern features that impact functionality, beauty, and consciousness.     

Investigation on modified FWM suppression methods in DWDM optical communication system

The focus of this paper is to investigate the methods for Four Wave Mixing (FWM) suppression. Modified techniques equal and unequal-channel spacing with polarization, equal channel spacing with alternate channel delay, optical coupling and varied laser power have been proposed to reduce the impact of FWM on Dense Wave Length Division Multiplexing (DWDM) optical communication system. Further the comparison of reduction of FWM for existing and proposed techniques has been discussed by varying the dispersion of fiber from 0 to 16 ps/nm/km. It has been observed that the suggested techniques are simpler to design optical communication system and superior to the existing methods.     

轴向间距对压气机失速特性的影响

采取在静子叶片表面埋入微型压力传感器的方法,对叶尖、叶中和叶根三个截面上的动态压力进行测量,实验研究了六个轴向间距下压气机的旋转失速特性。实验结果表明:轴向间距对压气机失速点的流量系数影响很大,转静子轴向间距减少,压气机失速推迟;压气机刚进入旋转失速的模态与轴向间距有关,轴向间距较大时,压气机首先进入多团全叶高旋转失速,当轴向间距为21％CR时,压气机直接进入单团全叶高旋转失速;轴向间距不同,近失速点的压力扰动也存在差别。     

管间距对涡强化扁管管片散热器传热的影响

本文应用萘升华传质/传热比拟技术对涡产生器强化的叉排扁管管片式换热器的横向管间距对传热/传质及阻力的影响进行了实验研究。本研究的目的是要得到一可工程应用的关联式,它能反映不同的横向管间距(S_1/S_2=0.582、0.727、0.969)对传热/传质及阻力特性的影响。     

微/纳米CVD金刚石涂层沉积工艺参数优化

通过正交实验设计工艺参数,利用热丝化学气相沉积法(HFCVD)制备金刚石涂层,采用扫描电镜、洛氏硬度计、X射线衍射仪等对金刚石涂层进行性能表征,同时进行切削试验,从而确定微米层和纳米层最佳的碳源浓度、沉积气压、热丝与基体间距.结果表明:最优微米金刚石涂层沉积工艺参数为碳源浓度2;,沉积气压3 kPa,热丝/基体间距5 mm.最优纳米金刚石涂层沉积工艺参数为碳源浓度5;,沉积气压5 kPa,热丝/基体间距8 mm.