Potential use of secondary products of the agri-food industry for topical formulations and comparative analysis of antioxidant activity of grape leaf polyphenols

The aim of the present study was to develop a phytocosmetic using Vitis waste by-products, for use as a topical formulation for skin protection against ultraviolet radiation damage. The study also evaluates the free radical scavenger activity of the crude extracts of dried leaves of Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca, as well as the anthocyanins, flavonoid fraction and isolated compounds. Next, release and permeation studies of hydrogels were performed using Franz-type diffusion cells. Flavonoid acted more intensively in TRAP and conjugated dienes antioxidant assays, whereas anthocyanins had higher antioxidant activity in hydroxyl and nitric oxide assay. Only quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (5) was released from hydrogels, and the flavonoid retention in porcine ear skin after eight hours of permeation was below of limit of quantification for this compound. The polyphenols present in Vitis are capable of absorbing UV and visible light, justifying their potential as sunscreens for the development of a phytocosmetic.     

Isolation and purification of alkaloids from lotus leaves by ionic‐liquid‐modified high‐speed countercurrent chromatography

An effective high‐speed countercurrent chromatography method was successfully established by using ionic liquids as the modifier of the two‐phase solvent system. Adding a small amount of ionic liquids significantly shortens the separation time and improves the separation efficiency. The conditions of ionic‐liquid‐modified high‐speed countercurrent chromatography including solvent systems, types and content of added ionic liquids, and ionic liquids posttreatment were investigated. The established method was successfully applied to separate alkaloids from lotus leaves using a two‐phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/methanol/water/[C₄mim][BF₄] (1:5:1:5:0.15, v/v/v/v/v). Four alkaloids pronuciferine (1.7 mg), N‐nornuciferine (4.3 mg), nuciferine (3.1 mg), and roemerine (2.1 mg) were obtained with the purities of 90.53, 92.25, 99.86, and 98.63%, respectively, from 100 mg crude extract of lotus leaves. The results indicated that the ionic‐liquid‐modified high‐speed countercurrent chromatography method was suitable for alkaloid separation from lotus leaves and would be a promising method for the separation of alkaloids from other natural products.     

做青强度对岭头单枞茶香气成分影响的研究

用气相色谱－质谱法分析了岭头单枞乌龙茶不同做青强度的茶叶香气组分的变化。结果表明，岭头单枞宜用偏轻做青。偏轻做青时芳樟醇及其氧化物含量较高，香气指数（Ｏｗｕｏｒ指数ＦＩ值）较高（达１２９１）。成品经感官审评，蜜韵显著，有花香，符合该品种风格特征，做青强度系数，以机摇系数００３１、全程系数００３８为佳。     

Optimization of Parameters for Cr(VI) Adsorption on Used Black Tea Leaves

Dynamic characteristics of Cr(VI) sorption on used black tea leaves (UBTLs) as a low-cost adsorbent are studied. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and temperature on the removal process. Both of adsorption and reduction, involved in the process, are affected by the processing parameters. The adsorption kinetics is described successfully using pseudo-second order rate equation and the rate constant decreases with increasing the initial concentration of Cr(VI) up to 150 mg/L (for 0.1 g/L UBTLs) then becomes slow. Experimental and calculated kinetic data for equilibrium are well expressed by Langmuir isotherm. The solution pH has a profound effect on the adsorption rate. The rate constant increases linearly with an increase in temperature, and the low value of activation energy of adsorption, 16.3 kJ/mol, indicates that Cr(VI) is easily adsorbed on UBTLs. The maximum Cr(VI) adsorptive conditions, with a minimum reduction, were achieved from the dynamics of operational parameters: the initial Cr(VI) concentration < 150 mg/L (for 0.1 g/L UBTLs); the initial solution pH = 1.54–2.00 and the processing temperature < 50 ^∘C, for the possibility of its practical application.     

水扬基荧光酮－溴化十六烷基三甲胺荧光熄灭法测定茶叶中的微量锰

本文研究了锰（Ⅱ）－水杨基荧光酮－溴化十六烷基三甲。在０．２１～１．６μｇ／２５ｍＬ范围内具有线性关系。检测限为０．２１μｇ／２５ｍＬ。本法灵敏度高，用于测定多种茶叶中的微量锰，结果满意。     

植物叶片润湿性与光谱反射偏振度关系研究

城市绿化植物由于其滞尘能力能够有效改善城市大气环境，滞尘能力的主要影响因素是其表面特性和润湿性。植物叶片表面的润湿性和偏振反射特性都与表面粗糙度相关，因此以粗糙度为结点，探究植物表面润湿性与偏振反射光谱的关系，利用偏振反射特性对植物叶片润湿性进行快速无损监测。以长春市常见的八种绿色植物叶片为研究对象，利用Kruss DSA 100液滴形状分析系统测量其表面接触角，利用多角度光谱测量装置测量其在不同探测天顶角上的偏振反射光谱，探讨了润湿性能在400～1 000 nm波段对植物叶片不同探测天顶角上偏振度的影响。通过相关分析确定八种植物叶片的特征波段，并在特征波段对偏振度随探测天顶角的变化程度与润湿性的关系之间进行定量分析。结果表明，在特征波段(700±10) nm处，偏振度随着探测天顶角的变化程度θ₀与接触角距离100°的偏差值θ具有很强的相关性，可决系数R2为0.82，说明偏振度随探测天顶角的变化程度θ₀可以反映植物叶片的润湿性，可以利用偏振反射特性对植物叶片润湿性进行分析，研究成果将对今后城市绿化物种的选择提供可行性建议。     

A New Caffeoylquiniclactone, Neochlorgeniclatone from the Leaves of Betula platyphylla Suk.

Betula platyphylla Suk., whose bark and juice are used as anti-inflammatory and cough relieving agent1, is widespread in China. Previous investigations of this plant have led to the isolation of various compounds2,3. We herein report structural elucidation of a new caffeoylquiniclactone, named neochlorgeniclatone (1) isolated from the leaves of Betula platyphylla Suk..Compound 1 was obtained as white powder (EtOAc). The EI-MS gave ion fragments at m/z 336 [M]+, 163 [caffeoyl]+, which indi…     

Analysis of the dissipation kinetics of thiophanate‐methyl and its metabolite carbendazim in apple leaves using a modified QuEChERS–UPLC–MS/MS method

As one of the main fungicides for the apple leaf disease control, thiophanate‐methyl (TM) mainly exerts its fungicidal activity in the form of its metabolite carbendazim (MBC), whose dissipation kinetics is very distinct from that of its parent but has been paid little attention. The aim of this work was to investigate the dissipation kinetics of TM and its active metabolite MBC in apple leaves using a modified QuEChERS–UPLC–MS/MS method. The results showed that TM and MBC could be quickly extracted by this modified QuEChERS procedure with recoveries of 81.7–96.5%. The method linearity was in the range of 0.01–50.0 mg kg^?1 with the quantification limit of 0.01 mg kg^?1. Then this method was applied to the analysis of fungicide dissipation kinetics in apple leaves. The results showed that the dissipation kinetics of TM for the test in 3 months can be described by a first‐order kinetics model with a DT₅₀ (dissipation half‐life) range of 5.23–6.03 days and the kinetics for MBC can be described by a first‐order absorption–dissipation model with the T_max (time needed to reach peak concentration) range of 4.78–7.09 days. These models can scientifically describe the behavior of TM and MBC in apple leaves, which provides necessary data for scientific application.     

A capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of soluble monosaccharides in Ginkgo biloba leaves

A method for the simultaneous determination of six monosaccharides by pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and capillary electrophoresis was developed in this work. The derivatization (i.e., reaction temperature, capillary electrophoresis duration, and extraction number) and separation (i.e., pH and buffer concentration) conditions for capillary electrophoresis were optimized. Results showed that the limits of detection under optimal conditions were in the range of 0.036–0.35 mg/L with a mean correlation coefficient >0.99. The recoveries were in the range of 87.3–108.49%, and the relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day variations were in the ranges of 2.2–3.8 and 3.2–5.0%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of six free monosaccharides in three types of Ginkgo biloba leaves.     

Poisson structures on complex flag manifolds associated with real forms

For a complex semisimple Lie group and a real form we define a Poisson structure on the variety of Borel subgroups of with the property that all -orbits in as well as all Bruhat cells (for a suitable choice of a Borel subgroup of ) are Poisson submanifolds. In particular, we show that every non-empty intersection of a -orbit and a Bruhat cell is a regular Poisson manifold, and we compute the dimension of its symplectic leaves.