Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Selected Substances Involved in the Reduction of Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Oxidative Stress

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) primarily formed by burning of fossil fuels, wood and other organic materials. BaP as group I carcinogen shows mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. One of the important mechanisms of action of (BaP) is its free radical activity, the effect of which is the induction of oxidative stress in cells. BaP induces oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disturbances of the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the reduction of the level of non-enzymatic antioxidants as well as of cytokine production. Chemical compounds, such as vitamin E, curcumin, quercetin, catechin, cyanidin, kuromanin, berberine, resveratrol, baicalein, myricetin, catechin hydrate, hesperetin, rhaponticin, as well as taurine, atorvastatin, diallyl sulfide, and those contained in green and white tea, lower the oxidative stress induced by BaP. They regulate the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress and inflammation, and therefore can reduce the level of ROS. These substances remove ROS and reduce the level of lipid and protein peroxidation, reduce formation of adducts with DNA, increase the level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and reduce the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. BaP can undergo chemical modification in the living cells, which results in more reactive metabolites formation. Some of protective substances have the ability to reduce BaP metabolism, and in particular reduce the induction of cytochrome (CYP P450), which reduces the formation of oxidative metabolites, and therefore decreases ROS production. The aim of this review is to discuss the oxidative properties of BaP, and describe protective activities of selected chemicals against BaP activity based on of the latest publications.     

茶叶、银杏叶中钾含量的测定

采用原子吸收分光光度法对中国一些常用茶叶和银杏叶中的钾和不同方法冲泡的茶、银杏叶饮料中的钾进行了测定,结果表明,茶叶、银杏叶中的钾含量丰富,为14 035~38 924 mg/kg。饮茶和银杏叶茶对人体健康有益。     

Correlation among Metabolic Changes in Tea Plant Camellia sinensis (L.) Shoots,Green Tea Quality and the Application of Cow Manure to Tea Plantation Soils

Traditionally, the supplement of organic manure in tea plantations has been a common approach to improving soil fertility and promoting terroir compounds, as manifested by the coordinated increase in yield and quality for the resulting teas. However, information regarding the effect of organic manure in the metabolome of tea plants is still inadequate. The metabolite profiles of tea shoots applied with cow manure, urea or no fertilizer were studied using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In total, 73 metabolites were detected, and the modulated metabolites included mainly amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids. In particular, glutamine, quinic acid and proline accumulated more in tea shoots in soils treated with cow manure, but octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and eicosanoic acid were drastically reduced. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that organic acids and amino acids in tea shoots were the two major metabolite groups among the three treatments. The analysis of metabolic pathways demonstrated that the cow manure treatment significantly changed the enrichment of pathways related to amino acids, sugars and fatty acids. Sensory evaluation showed that the quality of green teas was higher when the plants used to make the tea were grown in soil treated with cow manure rather than urea during spring and late summer. The results indicated that the application of cow manure in soils changed the metabolic characteristics of tea shoots and improved the qualities of the resulting teas.     

茉莉花茶乙醇溶液光学非线性研究

应用自位相调制和Ｚ扫描方法对茉莉花茶乙醇溶液的光学非线性特性进行了实验研究。测量了介质的非线性折射率ｎ２＝－７．９６×１０－６ｅｓｕ,非线性响应时间约０．７５ｓ,茉莉花茶乙醇溶液的光学非线性主要来源于介质的热吸收效应     

绿茶对金(Ⅲ)、锗(Ⅳ)离子捕集性能的研究

以绿茶做捕集剂,对水溶液中的金（Ⅲ）、锗（Ⅳ）两种离子进行了捕集性能的研究。实验结果表明,绿茶在pH5-7和pH6-7时,对金（Ⅲ）、锗（Ⅳ）两种离子的捕集率分别可达97%和96%以上,金（Ⅲ）、锗（Ⅳ）的捕集容量分别为7.6mg/g和5.7mg/g。捕集后的金属离子可分别用10g/L亚硫酸钠溶液和5mol/L盐酸进行洗脱。脱附后的茶叶可得到再生。     

流动注射分光光度法测定茶叶中锗含量

有机锗具有提高人体免疫机能、降低血脂、抗癌及防癌、防衰老等多种功能。许多植物如人参、枸杞、茶叶、蘑菇中都含有有机锗 ,有些含锗食品国家已批准作为新资源性食品并引起人们的重视。锗的测定方法多采用原子吸收法[1 ] 和分光光度法[2～4] ,分光光度法具有显色速度快 ,水溶性好 ,灵敏度高等特点 ,但该法不能实现锗的快速自动检测。本文将流动注射与分光光度法联用 ,建立了一种流动注射分光光度法测定茶叶中有机锗含量的新方法。流动注射分析作为一种高效率的非色谱分离手段与多种仪器联用 ,显著提高了许多分析方法的选择性和灵敏度 ,该…     

茶叶中除虫菊酯农药残留快速测定法

采用丙酮浸泡、超声提取茶叶中的除虫菊酯,经石墨碳固相小柱净化萃取后,用气相色谱-电子捕获检测法直接测定茶叶中的除虫菊酯的含量。甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯的回收率为90．4％～110％,测定结果的RSD为3．4％～8．7％（n=5）,检出限为0．001～0．006mg／kg。     

SERS of plant material

Colloidal gold and silver were formed by the spontaneous reduction of metal salts by plant tissue—alfalfa seeds, green tea leaves, carrots and red cabbage. The colloids were analyzed using electron microscopy and spectroscopic tools. The reduction process yielded stable gold colloids, but for silver the colloidal particles were bigger and less stable, tending to form aggregates. The formation of metal colloids enabled surface‐enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) measurements, yielding specific vibrational signatures for the plant components in the proximity of the colloids. The main SERS peaks were attributed to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and other adenine‐containing materials. Other peaks were assigned to flavins [e.g. flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)], chlorophyll, lipids and other biocomponents. Since the SERS spectra did not show any antioxidants common to all four different types of plant tissue, it is proposed that NAD and FAD compounds that play an important role in the respiration process may be involved in the metal reduction process. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微量元素对抗衰老中药的影响

抗衰老中药中的微量元素对中药的滋补强壮、增强免疫、延长生长期、物质代谢、提高中枢神经功能等均具有一定影响．     

56种药材内有害元素As、Hg的含量比较

分析并比较了56种中药内有害元素As、Hg的含量，本文可供临床用药时参考。