用偏光织构及透射光谱分析液晶器件的老化

对一组台式计算器液晶显示器进行了光辐照,研究了光辐照对液晶显示器件显示品质的影响。采用偏光显微镜观察到了辐照后液晶的偏光织构的变化,液晶中出现了平行的条纹状织构和失去消光作用的黑洞,随着接受光辐照时间的增加,黑洞数量越来越多,面积越来越大。通过由计算机控制的双光束紫外-可见分光光度计测试了透射光谱的变化,发现其透射率随着接受光辐照时间的增加而降低。分析结果表明,条纹状织构和黑洞的出现是由于液晶分子结构在紫外线的照射下发生了变化所致,失去消光作用的黑洞是导致液晶器件透射率持续下降的主要原因。     

Properties of Rice-Based Beverages Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Propionibacterium

In recent times, consumers have shown increasing interest in plant substitutes for fermented dairy products. This study aimed to investigate the properties of yogurt-type rice-based beverages fermented with lactic acid bacteria and Propionibacterium. The changes in pH, viable population of bacteria, physical properties, and carbohydrate content of these beverages were tested. Fermentation using only Propionibacterium was insufficient to obtain a product with an acidity level similar to that of milk-based yogurt (pH < 4.5). After fermentation, the tested beverages had a high number of Lactobacillus sp. (7.42–8.23 log10 CFU/mL), Streptococcus thermophilus (8.01–8.65 log10 CFU/mL), and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (8.28–8.50 log10 CFU/mL). The hardness (2.90–10.40 N) and adhesiveness (13.79–42.16 mJ) of the samples after 14 days of storage at 6 °C varied depending on the starter culture used. The syneresis of all samples ranged between 29% and 31%, which was lower or close to that of milk-based yogurts. The content of individual sugars in the samples also varied depending on the starter culture used for fermentation. The results suggest that the combination of lactic and propionic fermentation helps in the production of rice-based yogurt-type milk substitutes.     

SEDIMENTO-DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HUANGHE (YELLOW) RIVER SUBAQUEOUS DELTA

The runoff of the Huanghe contains a great amount of suspended load and forms the high-density underflows (hyperpycnal currents) at the river mouth. The sediments over the subaqneous delta are mainly transported by the underflow. The sediment texture gradually get fining seawards, which relates to the attenuation of the hyperpycnal currents and hypopycnal plumes. Being hydraulically equivalent to the medlum-silt-sized quartz, which is the dominant component in the sediments, the clastic mica concentrates on the delta. The maximum thickness of the subaqueous delta is about 16m and the period of accumulation lasted from 12 to 16 years, therefore its sedimentary rate ranges from 110 to 130 cm/a.     

氧化物表面单层改性对SnO2超微粒子热稳定性的影响

研究了氧化物在气敏材料二氧化锡超细粉表面的分散行为及分散量的二氧化锡热稳定性的影响,结果表明,氧化铜,氧化镍,氧化铋和氧化锌在二氧化锡表面均能单层分散,分散阈值均与按密置单层模型计算的最大分散容量相符,负载二氧锡的表面覆盖度与其稳定性之间有很好的对应关系,单层覆盖率达到一定程度二氧化锡高温烧结便可基本得到抑制。     

一类四臂液晶化合物的合成与相行为

以季戊四醇为中心,4-(正烷基酰氧基)-4′-苯甲酰氧基苯甲酸为液晶臂,经酯化反应合成一种芳香酯类星型四臂液晶化合物。通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振谱测试技术对其分子结构进行表征。采用差示扫描量热、偏光显微分析、X射线衍射分析等测试技术对其液晶相行为进行研究。结果表明,随着端基柔性链的加长,tm、ti、tic及tc呈降低趋势,它们在液晶态时均呈现破碎焦锥及焦锥织构,属互变近晶相液晶,液晶区间较宽。其中升温时D1～D4的tm和ti值分别为92．3、80．6、68．3、51．1和159．2、145．1、127．5、109．8℃,液晶范围△t1在66．9～58．7℃之间,降温时的tic和tc值分别为138．6、127．4、111．6、99．1和57．1、52．6、42．0、31．8℃,液晶范围△t2在81．5～67．3℃之间。     

分子端基效应对聚(L-乳酸)球晶环带结构形成的影响

通过活性正离子开环聚合的方法,以苯甲醇或月桂胺引发L-丙交酯聚合合成了一系列分子量可控的聚(L-乳酸)(PLLA).研究发现,端基刚、柔性的变化,改变了PLLA环带球晶的生成条件和环带周期结构,因此可以通过改变端基的结构来调控PLLA所形成的环带结构.分子量相近而端基不同的PLLA,在相同温度下结晶时,刚性引发剂苯甲醇...     

纹理高阶分形特征在海面舰船目标检测中的应用

针对复杂海面环境下的舰船目标检测，分析了高阶分形特征缝隙在纹理分类中的应用，提出了一种基于分形维与缝隙的目标检测新方法，并利用该方法对海面舰船目标进行了检测。实验结果表明利用纹理分形维与缝隙特征进行海面舰船目标检测，可以取得较单一分形维检测更高的准确率。     

Global symmetry breaking in the nonconserved order parameter system during phase ordering

We study global symmetry breaking in the 2D system of scalar nonconserved order parameter following a quench to zero temperature. We show that the instant of time when the symmetry is broken and the final morphology is chosen corresponds to the saturation of the order parameter inside the domains. There are three possible final morphologies: the positive and negative order parameter final morphology, and the state of the coexisting positive and negative order parameter subsystems with a flat interface between them. We find also that each type of the final morphology constitutes about 1/3 of all cases, what agrees with the results obtained recently by Spirin et al. [Phys. Rev. E 65, 016119 (2001)]. Our results are pertinent for the two dimensional systems, but we suspect that there is also a way to apply similar arguments for the three dimensional ones.     

Perturbation approach to elastic constitutive relations of polycrystals

Herein we obtain a formula for the effective elastic stiffness tensor C^eff of an orthorhombic aggregate of cubic crystallites by the perturbation method. The effective elastic stiffness tensor of the polycrystal gives the relationship between volume average stress and volume average strain. Under Voigt's model, Reuss’ model and Man's theory, the elastic constitutive relation accounts for the effect of the orientation distribution function (ODF) up to terms linear in the texture coefficients. However, the formula derived in this paper delineates the effect of crystallographic texture on elastic response and shows quadratic texture dependence. The formula is very simple. We also consider the influence of grain shape to elastic constitutive relations of polycrystals. Some examples are given to compare computational results of the formula with those given by Voigt's model, Reuss's model, the finite element method, and the self-consistent method. In Section 3, we also present an expression of the perturbation displacement field, in which Green's function for an orthorhombic aggregate of cubic crystallites is included.     

Scaling and self-similarity in Pb<Subscript>1-x</Subscript>Fe<Subscript>x</Subscript>S nanoparticle films

This paper addresses the issues of scaling and self-similarity in typical nanoparticle films. The role played by microscopic processes contributing to growth on these issues is probed. While we perform this investigation for a specific system viz., Pb_1-xFe_xS nanoparticle films for clarity of the procedures, the analysis is general and can be applied to a variety of systems obtained using different deposition techniques.