GC-MS法测定植物提取物中19种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

建立了植物提取物中19种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(PAEs)的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析方法。样品经水溶解,正己烷提取,弗罗里硅土小柱净化,采用GC-MS法在选择离子监测模式(SIM)下进行测定。结果表明:方法在0.1～10 mg/kg范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,检测限为0.14～1.2μg/kg,加标回收率为62.1%～118.2%,相对标准偏差为0.61%～13%。方法可满足植物提取物中PAEs的定性和定量测定。     

树叶为模版制备网状TiO2和Fex/TiO2及光催化活性研究

以梧桐树叶为模板制备了具有网状结构的TiO2和Fex/TiO2光催化材料.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、荧光发射光谱(PL)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等对这两类光催化材料的结构和物理性能进行了表征.结果表明,以树叶为模板制得的Fe0.005/TiO2呈网状结构.在600～800℃范围内,随煅烧温度的升高,网状TiO2和Fe0.005/TiO2中锐钛型TiO2的含量减少,Fe3+的掺杂能促进锐钛型向金红石型的转变.与Degussa P25相比,网状TiO2和Fex/TiO2的荧光光谱强度明显减弱,光生电子-空穴对的复合情况得到改善;吸收光谱范围明显红移,禁带宽度有不同程度的缩小.孔雀石绿的光催化降解实验表明,网状TiO2和Fex/TiO2具有比Degussa P25更强的催化活性.光催化活性的稳定性研究表明,网状Fe0.005/TiO2具有良好的稳定性,能多次重复使用.     

应用SPE柱净化HPLC/UV法测定乳制品及其原料中的硫氰酸盐

采用SPE柱净化、高效液相反相离子对色谱分离、紫外检测器(HPLC/UV)测定乳制品及其原料中的硫氰酸盐。试样经乙酸沉淀蛋白、Oasis WAX SPE柱净化和浓缩,以甲醇和磷酸盐缓冲液加离子对试剂为流动相,经Symmetry C18色谱柱分离,在231 nm波长处进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明,硫氰酸盐浓度在0.2～50 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数大于0.999,方法检出限为0.05 mg/kg,定量下限为0.15 mg/kg,在加标量为1、5、25 mg/kg时的回收率为77%～104%。该方法重现性好、检测时间短,灵敏度高,为乳制品及其原料中硫氰酸盐的定量检测提供了较为理想的方法。     

Sodium desoxycholate‐assisted capillary electrochromatography with methacrylate ester‐based monolithic column on fast separation and determination of coumarin analogs in Angelica dahurica extract

A rapid and sensitive CEC method with methacrylate ester‐based monolithic column has been developed for separation and determination of five coumarins (byakangelicin, oxypeucedanin hydrate, xanthotoxol, 5‐hydroxy‐8‐methoxypsoralen and bergapten) in Angelica dahurica extract. Surfactant sodium desoxycholate (SDC) was introduced into the mobile phase as the pseudostationary to dynamically increase the selectivity of analytes instead of increasing the hydrophobicity of stationary phase. In addition, other factors, pH of phosphate buffer, ACN content and applied voltage, for instance, have also an obvious effect on the resolution but little on the retention time. Satisfactory separation of these five coumarins was achieved within 6 min under a 30:70 v/v ACN–buffer containing 20 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄) and 0.25 mM SDC at pH 2.51. The RSDs of intraday and interday for relative peak areas were less than 3.0% and 4.7%, respectively; and the recoveries were between 87.5% and 95.0%. The LODs were lower than 0.15 μg/mL and the LOQs were lower than 0.30 μg/mL, respectively, while calibration curves showed a good linearity (r² > 0.9979). Finally, five target coumarins from the crude extracts of A. dahurica were separated, purified, and concentrated by D‐101 macroporous resin, and were successfully separated and quantitatively determined within 6 min.     

神华煤直接液化残渣萃取残渣焦气化动力学研究

在热天平上分别考察了甲苯、苯及乙醇萃取液化残渣热解焦在水蒸气和CO2气氛下的气化动力学,并对比了液化残渣热解焦在相同条件下的气化反应性。结果表明,温度是影响残渣焦气化反应速率的重要因素;超临界溶剂对残渣的萃取使得残渣焦中碳基质的有序度有所降低,并在一定程度上增加了残渣焦的孔结构,因此,提高了残渣焦的气化反应性;残渣焦孔结构不发达,可以使用化学反应控制未反应收缩核模型预测残渣焦的气化反应过程。     

Novel Method for Selective Spectrophotometric Determination of Titanium(IV) with Water Extract of Slippery Elm Leaf as a New Reagent

Abstract

A novel spectrophotometric method for the determination of titanium(IV) by using a new reagent, water extract of slippery elm leaf is developed. In 0.05 M hydrochloric acid, titanium(IV) reacts with this reagent to form a yellow product. The formed product shows maximum absorbance at 415 nm with a molar absorptivity value of 0.68×10⁴ l mol^–1 cm^–1 and the method was linear in the 0.2–6 µg ml^?1 concentration range. The detection limit value was found to be 0.0131 µg ml^?1. The proposed method was simple, low cost, selective, and sensitive. It was applied to the analytic samples with satisfactory results.     

Bamboo Charcoal as Solid-Phase Extraction Adsorbent for the Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Water Samples by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

In this paper, bamboo charcoal was successfully developed for the solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of six organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. After the bamboo charcoal was pretreated and packed in the solid-phase extraction cartridge, the organophosphorus pesticides in water samples were carried out the solid-phase extraction. To establish a perfect solid-phase extraction procedure, the experimental conditions including the eluent, eluent volume, pH of the sample, flow rate of the sample, and loading volume of the sample were all investigated. When 100 mL water samples in the pH range of 6–7 were loaded with the flow rate of 2.5 mL · min^?1 and then eluted with 10 mL acetonitrile, the proposed extraction method was validated by the recovery, correlation coefficient (R²), repeatability (RSD, n = 7) and LODs, which were 69.6–93.4%, 0.9982–0.9998, 2.9–5.6%, and 0.08–1.04 µg · L^?1, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of the tap, snow, and river water samples demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed SPE method for real water samples. Based on the aforementioned factors, it could be concluded that bamboo charcoal was a good solid-phase extraction adsorbent, and this proposed solid-phase extraction method was suitable for the effective enrichment and determination of the organophosphorus pesticides in water samples.     

Amperometric Biosensor for the Determination of Phenols Using a Crude Extract of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam.)

Abstract

An amperometric biosensor for the determination of phenols is proposed using a crude extract of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) as an enzymatic source of polyphenol oxidase (PPO; tyrosinase; catechol oxidase; EC 1.14.18.1). The biosensor is constructed by the immobilization of sweet potato crude extract with glutaraldehyde and bovine serum albumin onto an oxygen membrane. This biosensor provides a linear response for catechol, pyrogallol, phenol and p-cresol in the concentration ranges of 2.0×10^?5-4.3×10^?4mol L^?1, 2.0×10^?5-4.3×10^?4 mol L^?1, 2.0×10^?5-4.5×10^?4 mol L^?1 and 2.0×10^?5-4.5×10^?4mol L^?1, respectively. The response time was about 3–5 min for the useful response range, and the lifetime of this electrode was excellent for fifteen days (over 220 determinations for each enzymatic membrane). Application of this biosensor for the determination of phenols in industrial wastewaters is presented.     

Nobiletin: efficient and large quantity isolation from orange peel extract

It is known that nobiletin possesses anticancer, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. Recently, the demand for nobiletin in large quantities and high purity has increased. However, conventional normal-phase silica gel chromatography and C(18)-reverse-phase separation methods cannot satisfy the requirement of pure and gram scale nobiletin in a timely manner. In exploring the composition and the biological activities of polymethoxyflavones from sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel, we developed an efficient isolation method for nobiletin. By employing this methodology, pure nobiletin, in gram quantities, was obtained in only one purification cycle. The orange peel extract was loaded onto a silica gel flash column and eluted by a mixed solvent system of ethyl acetate and hexanes, and the fractions collected. Upon combination of the eluted fractions, mainly containing nobiletin and 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, and concentration under reduced pressure, the resultant residue was loaded onto a Regis chiral column. Gram amounts of nobiletin and 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone were then eluted with ethanol and hexanes, respectively.     

Preparative divergent flow IEF without carrier ampholytes for separation of complex biological samples

Efficient separation method is a crucial part of the process in which components of highly complex biological sample are identified and characterized. Based on the principles of recently newly established electrophoretic method called divergent flow IEF (DF IEF), we have tested the DF IEF instrument which is able to operate without the use of background carrier ampholytes. We have verified that during separation and focusing of sample consisting of high numbers of proteins (yeast lysate and wheat flour extract), the pH gradient of preparative DF IEF can be created by autofocusing of the sample components themselves without any addition of carrier ampholytes. In DF IEF, the proteins are separated, desalted and concentrated in one step. The fractions of yeast lysate sample, collected at the DF IEF output and subjected to gel IEF, contained the zones of proteins gradually covering the pI values from 3.7 to 8.5. In our experimental arrangement, the highest number of proteins has been found in fractions with pI values around 5.3 as detected by polyacrylamide gel IEF with CBB staining. During DF IEF, the selected protein bands have been concentrated up to 16.8‐fold.