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211.
文中就三峡永久船闸高边坡快速施工地质超前预报的几个问题进行了讨论。分别研究了三峡永久船闸高边坡施工地质超前预报的必要性,提出了超前预报技术思路,最后就高边坡岩体反分析及反馈设计问题、施工地质超前预报问题以及与监测相适应的超前处理及防护进行了分析。 相似文献
212.
颗粒流离散元软件PFC2D在岩土工程中的应用十分广泛,存在的主要问题是如何标定其细观参数,目前大多使用"试凑法",此方法的缺点在于工作量大、效率低等,本文提出以反向传播算法(back propagation,BP)神经网络的方式代替此方法,利用PFC2D 内置的FISH 以及Python 语言对其进行二次开发,使之自动运行并获取40组宏细观参数样本。结果表明:BP神经网络可以快速准确地建立宏细观参数映射关系,误差均保持在0.01 以内,模拟得到的应力--应变曲线与室内试验曲线高度吻合,且无需大量的数据样本便可创建网络,效率较高;另外,经验证本文选用的平直节理模型,可以有效地解决平行粘结模型UCS/TS值偏小问题,确定平直节理模型可以更好地模拟岩石。 相似文献
213.
This paper reports the results of an investigation into the characteristics of wave propagation in carbon nanotubes embedded
in an elastic matrix, based on an exact shell model. Each of the concentric tubes of multi-walled carbon nanotubes is considered
as an individual elastic shell and coupled together through the van der Waals forces between two adjacent tubes. The matrix
surrounding carbon nanotubes is described as a spring element defined by the Winkler model. The effects of rotatory inertia
and elastic matrix on the wave velocity, the critical frequency, and the amplitude ratio between two adjacent tubes are described
and discussed through numerical examples. The results obtained show that wave propagation in carbon nanotubes may appear in
a critical frequency at which the wave velocity changes suddenly; the elastic matrix surrounding carbon nanotubes debases
the critical frequency and the wave velocity, and changes the vibration modes between two adjacent tubes; the rotatory inertia
based on an exact shell model obviously influences the wave velocity at some wave modes. Finally, a comparison of dispersion
solutions from different shell models is given. The present work may serve as a useful reference for the application and the
design of nano-electronic and nano-drive devices, nano-oscillators, and nano-sensors, in which carbon nanotubes act as basic
elements. 相似文献
214.
N.K Simha F.D Fischer O Kolednik C.R Chen 《Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids》2003,51(1):209-240
This article evaluates the effect of material inhomogeneities on the crack-tip driving force in general inhomogeneous bodies and reports results for bimaterial composites. The theoretical model, based on Eshelby material forces, makes no assumptions about the distribution of the inhomogeneities or the constitutive properties of the materials. Inhomogeneities are modeled by making the stored energy have an explicit dependence on the reference coordinates. Then the material inhomogeneity effect on the crack-tip driving force is quantified by the term Cinh, which is the integral of the gradient of the stored energy in the direction of crack growth. The model is demonstrated by two model problems: (i) bimaterial elastic composite using asymptotic solutions and (ii) graded elastic and elastic-plastic compact tension specimen using numerical methods for stress analysis. 相似文献
215.
216.
The effects of combining functionally graded materials (FGMs) of different inhomogeneous property gradients on the mode-3 propagation characteristics of an interfacial crack are numerically investigated. Spontaneous interfacial crack propagation simulations were performed using the newly developed spectral scheme. The numerical scheme derived and implemented in the present work can efficiently simulate planar crack propagation along functionally graded bimaterial interfaces. The material property inhomogeneity was assumed to be in the direction normal to the interface. Various bimaterial combinations were simulated by varying the material property inhomogeneity length scale. Our parametric study showed that the inclusion of a softening type FGM in the bimaterial system leads to a reduction in the fracture resistance indicated by the increase in crack propagation velocity and power absorbed. An opposite trend of increased fracture resistance was predicted when a hardening material was included in the bimaterial system. The cohesive tractions and crack opening displacements were altered due to the material property inhomogeneity, but the stresses ahead of the cohesive zone remained unaffected. 相似文献
217.
A strip-craze model is proposed to study crack propagation in polymers. A nonlinear differential equation is derived to govern the dynamic process of crack propagation. The viscous feature of the material in the craze zone is taken into account by means of an experimentally determined relationship between the craze stress and crack speed. By fitting experimental data of PMMA into the model, some parameters including the strip-craze length are deduced. A non-singular stress is introduced to control the crack propagation with a strip craze at its tip. Variations of the crack length and the crack speed with time are computed and their dependence on the non-singular stress is investigated. For PMMA, three stages of crack propagation are identified in terms of initial non-singular stress σns0. When σns0<60 MPa, the crack speed
mm/s and the crack is basically stationary; when 60 <σns0<95 MPa, then
mm/s the crack is in slow propagation; when σns0>95 MPa, then
mm/s and the crack is in rapid propagation. The proposed model is applicable only in slow crack propagation. 相似文献
218.
Paul Hölscher 《Transport in Porous Media》1992,9(1-2):73-84
The behaviour of the soil under a dynamically loaded pile toe is studied. The soil is modelled as a fluid saturated porous continuum. The constitutive behaviour of the solid skeleton is described by the elasto-plastic model of Drücker-Prager. The wave propagation is simulated with a dynamical finite-element program.A two-phase model of soil gives useful information about effective stress and pore pressure in the soil. In saturated soil the main wave under the pile toe propagates more downards than in dry soil, due to the higher compressional stiffness in saturated soil. The plastic zone under the pile toe propagates with the velocity of the fast compressional wave. The pore fluid influences the plasticity strongly and can be expected to affect pile driving too.The distribution of effective stress and pore pressure under the pile toe depends on the permeability of the soil and cannot be calculated uniquely from a single-phase calculation. Therefore, a nonlinear soil cannot be modelled correctly as a conventional single-phase material. 相似文献
219.
The authors study the large time asymptotics of a solution of the Fisher-KPP reaction-diffusion equation,with an initial condition that is a compact perturbation of a step function.A well-known result of Bramson states that,in the reference frame moving as 2t-(3/2) log t+x∞,the solution of the equation converges as t-→ +o∞ to a translate of the traveling wave corresponding to the minimal speed c* =2.The constant x∞ depends on the initial condition u(0,x).The proof is elaborate,and based on probabilistic arguments.The purpose of this paper is to provide a simple proof based on PDE arguments. 相似文献
220.
In this paper the analytical solutions of the impact of a particle on Timoshenko beams with four kinds of different boundary
conditions are obtained according to Navier's idea, which is further developed. The initial values of the impact forces are
exactly determined by the momentum conservation law. The propagation of the longitudinal and transverse waves along the beam,
especially, the effects of boundary conditions on the characteristics of the reflected waves, are investigated in detail.
Some results are compared with those by MSC/NASTRAN. 相似文献