流形判别分析和支持向量机的恒星光谱数据自动分类方法

尽管经典的分类方法支持向量机SVM在天文学领域广泛应用,但其只考虑类间的绝对间隔而忽略类内的分布性状,因而分类性能有待于进一步提升。鉴于此,提出一种新颖的基于流形判别分析和支持向量机的恒星光谱数据自动分类方法。该方法引入流形判别分析的两个重要概念：基于流形的类内离散度M_W和基于流形的类间离散度M_B。所提方法找到的分类面同时保证M_W最小且M_B最大。可建立相应最优化问题,然后将原最优化问题转化为QP对偶形式求得支持向量和判别函数,最后利用判别函数判断测试样本的类属。该方法的最大优势在于进行分类决策时,不仅考虑样本的类间信息和分布特征,而且还保持了各类的局部流形结构。SDSS恒星光谱数据上的比较实验表明该方法的有效性。     

LIBS/Raman光谱对称零面积变换自动寻峰方法研究

自动寻峰是进行光谱原位探测、实时自动分析的必要环节,对拓展光谱分析技术到长期海洋监测、石油录井等应用领域具有重要意义。该研究以实验室中获得的LIBS/Raman光谱数据,对Gaussian,Lorenz,Voigt三种线型函数构建的对称零面积变换函数进行了比较研究。结果证明各个光谱峰都存在一个最优的对称零面积变换函数,但三种变换函数在各自的最优化参数下获得的峰位、峰宽一致;以实验室中LIBS和Raman光谱定量实验数据对该方法的测试还证明,对称零面积变换寻峰方法对信号的大范围动态变化适应性强,弱峰识别能力达到或优于人工识别水平,有望应用于将来的LIBS/Raman自动原位分析中去。     

A methodology for the development of discrete adjoint solvers using automatic differentiation tools

A methodology for the rapid development of adjoint solvers for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models is presented. The approach relies on the use of automatic differentiation (AD) tools to almost completely automate the process of development of discrete adjoint solvers. This methodology is used to produce the adjoint code for two distinct 3D CFD solvers: a cell-centred Euler solver running in single-block, single-processor mode and a multi-block, multi-processor, vertex-centred, magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) solver. Instead of differentiating the entire source code of the CFD solvers using AD, we have applied it selectively to produce code that computes the transpose of the flux Jacobian matrix and the other partial derivatives that are necessary to compute sensitivities using an adjoint method. The discrete adjoint equations are then solved using the Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation (PETSc) library. The selective application of AD is the principal idea of this new methodology, which we call the AD adjoint (ADjoint). The ADjoint approach has the advantages that it is applicable to any set of governing equations and objective functions and that it is completely consistent with the gradients that would be computed by exact numerical differentiation of the original discrete solver. Furthermore, the approach does not require hand differentiation, thus avoiding the long development times typically required to develop discrete adjoint solvers for partial differential equations, as well as the errors that result from the necessary approximations used during the differentiation of complex systems of conservation laws. These advantages come at the cost of increased memory requirements for the discrete adjoint solver. However, given the amount of memory that is typically available in parallel computers and the trends toward larger numbers of multi-core processors, this disadvantage is rather small when compared with the very significant advantages that are demonstrated. The sensitivities of drag and lift coefficients with respect to different parameters obtained using the discrete adjoint solvers show excellent agreement with the benchmark results produced by the complex-step and finite-difference methods. Furthermore, the overall performance of the method is shown to be better than most conventional adjoint approaches for both CFD solvers used.     

基于Arduino的AIS数据分布式采集研究

为了解决船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System, AIS)数据的分布式采集,使全球AIS消息报文接收、解码、封装、转发操作的安装成本更低、稳定性更好、安全性更高、维护工作量更小。通过采用以Arduino嵌入式平台为核心结合外围电子器件开发的网络解码器组成分布式采集网络,并采用C语言将合理的数据结构和算法直接在MCU上编程实现,来取代以x86架构和操作系统为基础的网络解码器。通过实验可以证明,采用Arduino技术的AIS网络解码器的解码效率能够满足AIS基站发送数据的速率要求,解码内容正确,能按照约定的网络传输格式转发消息内容,可应用于全球AIS数据的分布式采集中。该成果具有功耗更低、运行更稳定、成本更低廉等优点,对需要大量使用网络解码器来构建的AIS数据分布式采集网络具有重大现实意义。     

星上电缆自动导通绝缘测试仪的设计与开发

星上电缆在航天器系统工程中起到了传递能量和信息的关键作用,并且其上天后具有不可修复性,这就决定了它在电性能检测方面必须做到高质量与高可靠。本文针对传统人工方式进行导通绝缘测试时工作强度大、检测效率低下和可信度低等缺点,设计并开发了一种星上电缆自动导通绝缘测试仪。该仪器基于模块化设计的思想采用中央控制器对各个模块单元进行控制来分别实现测试通道自动切换、测试电压的供给、星上电缆导通绝缘电阻的数据采集、通讯、存储和显示。实践结果表明,星上电缆自动导通绝缘测试仪一方面可以提高电缆导通绝缘测试的可靠性,增强质量控制;另一方面,可以提高效率,节省生产周期,降低劳动强度。     

水泥生料品质激光在线检测设备研制

水泥质量的优劣直接影响到建筑工程的安全,使用品质合格的水泥材料是保证工程结构质量的必要前提,因此快速检测水泥生料成份对于及时指导调整原料配比和保障水泥产品品质具有重要意义。传统的生料检测需要经过取样、制样、化验等环节,检测结果严重滞后于生产。我们通过产学研协同攻关,研制了一套基于激光诱导击穿光谱(laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS)技术的水泥生料品质在线检测设备,该设备由LIBS光学检测系统和气动取送样系统两部分组成,实现了对水泥生产线上水泥生料品质的实时连续测量,避免了传统的取制样环节,从而大大缩短了化验时间,所测水泥生料成分的实时数据能够及时指导调整水泥原料的配比,保证水泥质量的合格。我们利用该LIBS水泥品质在线检测设备对水泥生产线上生料中的主成分Al₂O₃,CaO,Fe₂O₃,MgO和SiO₂进行了定量分析,利用全谱归一化和支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)对水泥生料建立定标模型,对水泥生料中Al₂O₃,CaO,Fe₂O₃,MgO和SiO₂测量的最大误差分别是0.34%,0.35%,0.07%,0.14%和0.55%。现场实验结果表明,本水泥生料品质激光在线检测设备的测量结果与传统化验法的结果相吻合,测量精度与X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)相接近,从而证实了LIBS可以作为水泥在线检测的一种有前景的方法。     

Casimir effect for a scalar field via Krein quantization

In this work, we present a rather simple method to study the Casimir effect on a spherical shell for a massless scalar field with Dirichlet boundary condition by applying the indefinite metric field (Krein) quantization technique. In this technique, the field operators are constructed from both negative and positive norm states. Having understood that negative norm states are un-physical, they are only used as a mathematical tool for renormalizing the theory and then one can get rid of them by imposing some proper physical conditions.     

The discrimination algorithms for overlapped MPSK and MQAM modulations using higher-order cumulants

Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) is responsible for detecting the correct modulation types in the intelligent receivers. AMC performance degrades when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreases because of the overlapping among the digital modulation types’ features, and this performance worsens under fading channel conditions. This paper proposes two new algorithms that improve the AMC performance accuracy of the overlapped digital modulations in feature space by improving their discrimination. These algorithms are named temporal Fisher discriminant analysis (TFDA) and supervised Fisher discriminant analysis (SFDA). The simulation results show that TFDA improves AMC performance accuracy up to 19.01% compared with the reference paper (Ge et al., 2021) and up to 38.15% compared with the reference paper (Teng et al., 2018). In contrast, SFDA improves AMC performance accuracy up to 23.12 % compared with the reference paper (Ge et al., 2021) and up to 49.025% compared with the reference paper (Teng et al., 2018).     

原子吸收光谱法在汽车自动变速器故障检测中的应用

研究原子吸收光谱法在汽车自动变速器故障检测中的创新性应用。通过原子吸收光谱法测定行驶里程分别为10 000～15 000,20 000～26 000,32 000～38 000,43 000～49 000,52 000～58 000km五批奥迪A6自动变速器油液(ATF)中主要金属Fe,Cu,Cr的含量,建立奥迪A6自动变速器不同行驶里程数ATF主要金属含量的数据库。研究发现主要金属含量随着汽车行驶里程数上升而增加,并且其正常含量在两条趋势线之间。测定有故障症状的ATF主要金属含量,并与其数据库数值比对,既可以判断自动变速器的磨损状况,也可以帮助汽车检测维修人员在不解体状态下诊断汽车自动变速器的故障原因,降低汽车维修成本,提高维修质量。     

New Highly Reliable Smde Based Computer Controlled Polarggraphic System For Wet Chemical Analysis

Abstract

A highly reliable static mercury drop electrode is described for polarographic analysis. the electrode was employed as working electrode in a new computer controlled automatic analytical system developed in this laboratory. the system can be well used for the serial analysis of small volumed solution samples or for monitor In addition to this, the system was employed in monitoring the drug content of dissolution media in the course of drug dissolution studies. This will be discussed in lurther paper¹¹