A probabilistic approach to a non‐local quadratic form and its connection to the Neumann boundary condition problem

In this paper we look at a probabilistic approach to a non‐local quadratic form that has lately attracted some interest. This form is related to a recently introduced non‐local normal derivative. The goal is to construct two Markov processes: one corresponding to that form and the other which is related to a probabilistic interpretation of the Neumann problem. We also study the Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann operator for non‐local operators.     

The Applicability of Essential Oils in Different Stages of Production of Animal-Based Foods

Essential oils (EOs) have been used for centuries, and interest in these compounds has been revived in recent years. Due to their unique chemical composition as well as antimicrobial, immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, EOs are used in pharmacology, cosmetology and, increasingly, in animal breeding and rearing, and processing of animal raw materials. Essential oils have become a natural alternative to preservatives, taste enhancers and, most importantly, antibiotics, because the European Union banned the use of antibiotics in metaphylaxis in animal husbandry in 2006. In the animal production chain, EOs are used mainly as feed additives to improve feed palatability and increase feed intake, improve animal resistance and health status, and to prevent and treat diseases. Recent research indicates that EOs can also be applied to sanitize poultry houses, and they can be used as biopesticides in organic farming. Essential oils effectively preserve meat and milk and, consequently, improve the safety, hygiene and quality of animal-based foods. Novel technologies such as encapsulation may increase the bioavailability of EOs and their application in the production of food and feed additives.     

Kinetics of phase transformation from hBN to cBN in the presence of Mg3BN3 catalyst

Abstract

Transformation kinetics from hBN to cBN has been studied at 6 GPa with changing reaction temperature and content of catalyst mixed with hBN powder. At lower catalyst content (3–10 wt %), rate of transformation was extraordinary rapid between 1300 and 1350 C. At higher catalyst content (30–50 wt %), rate of transformation was decreased. Normal nucleation kinetics was observed at about 1500 C. The rapid transformation temperature region correlates characteristic behavior of the sintering process.     

高强混凝土立方强度尺寸效应的分析计算

对55组高强混凝土立方强度实测数据作了分析,并给出了计算公式.表明高强混凝土立方强度尺寸效应不同于普通混凝土.     

Fitting models to correlated data III: A comparison between residual analysis and other methods

Applications of the χ² test, the F test, the Durbin-Watson d test, and the f (or Sign) test, to examples of correlated data treatment, show important drawbacks with the d test and (apparently) with the f test. An analytical approach based on residual analysis suggests an improvement in their use that leads to better results at lowest order; it also points out a distinction between goodness-of-fit tests, as the f test, and goodness-of-modeling tests, as the χ² and F tests. The residual analysis method is applied to the same examples; it looks faster, simpler, and often more accurate than the classical ones.     

External noise and its interaction with spatial degrees of freedom in nonlinear dissipative systems

A brief introduction to the field is given together with an overview of the lectures given at the workshop on External Noise and its Interaction with Spatial Degrees of Freedom in Nonlinear Dissipative Systems organized by the Center for Nonlinear Studies at Los Alamos, March 28–31, 1988. It is hoped that the publication of papers presented at the workshop in a single issue of theJournal of Statistical Physics will help draw attention to the recent developments in this rapidly area of nonequilibrium phenomena.     

考虑死亡风险下权益指数年金的定价

权益指数年金(Equity Indexed Annuities)是欧美市场近十年发展起来的一类新型年金产品,有最小收益保证,在最小保证基础上与预先设定好的某类股指收益相关联．本文在考虑死亡风险情况下,对简单点对点和年度重设两种指数计算方法下权益指数年金的定价问题作了研究,给出了定价公式并对参与率作了敏感性分析．     

Equality of Types for the Distribution of the Maximum for Two Values of n Implies Extreme Value Type

In this note, we prove a characterization of extreme value distributions. We show that, under some conditions, if the distribution of the maximum of n i.i.d. variables is of the same type for two distinct values of n then the distribution is one of the three extreme value types. This is an analogue of the well known result that if the sum of two i.i.d. random variables with finite second moment is of the same type as the original distribution then the distribution is Gaussian (Kagan et al., 1973). Our result was motivated by study of the m out of n bootstrap.     

Low temperature dependence of the penetration depth in YBCO thin films revisited by mm wave transmission and surface impedance measurements

We report results obtained with two different experimental set-ups in state-of-the-art YBCO thin films as similar as possible, prepared by pulsed laser deposition on LaAlO₃ substrates: a surface impedance measurement on 4000 ? thick films using a parallel plate resonator (10 GHz), and a far infrared transmission (100-400 GHz) measurement which requires thinner (1000 ?) samples. The former measurement yields the temperature variation of the penetration depth λ(T) and the real part of the conductivity, provided the absolute value of λ(T) is known. The latter yields the imaginary part of the conductivity, hence the absolute value of the penetration depth, as well as its temperature dependence at the measuring frequency. Combining these two experiments, we establish a quasi-linear temperature variation of λ(T), with a 2 ? K^-1 low temperature slope, and a fairly large zero temperature value λ(T = 0)=(1800±200) ? . The scattering rate of the quasi-particles calculated from a two-fluids model shows that the films compare to good quality single crystals, where twice a larger slope has been found. This surprising behavior is described in detail, including an in-depth structural analysis of the samples in order to evaluate their similarities. We find that the 10 GHz data obtained in the thickest films can be fitted to the dirty d-wave mode in the unitarity limit, with an extrapolated slope of 3 ? K^-1, but yield a scattering rate that is difficult to reconcile with the high T _c (92 K) of the films. Received 7 May 2001 and Received in final form 18 October 2001     

Structure and sorption characteristics of bioaffinity membranes

The new bioaffinity membranes comprise mammalian blood and tissue cells immobilized in the polymer matrix. The method of immobilization does not assume the retention of physiological and enzymatic activity of immobilized cells, but it ensures the safety of cellular membrane receptors that are used as specific ligands. Macroporous polymer carriers based on polyacrylonitrile maintain the accessibility of the cellular receptors for all blood plasma components including immunoglobulins and viral particles. The sorption capacity of membranes with respect to model substances in a batchwise technique is evaluated. Although the results are of a preliminary nature, the membranes may be used in crossflow modules for selective blood plasma correction of endogenous substances.