Effect of Bentonite Addition to Pedro Ximénez White Grape Musts before Their Fermentation with Selected Yeasts on the Major Volatile Compounds and Polyols of Wines and Tentative Relationships with the Sensorial Evaluation

In this work, we study the effect of bentonite addition to the grape must before alcoholic fermentation on the chemical composition and sensorial profile of the obtained wines. Fermentations were carried out with two Saccharomyces cerevisiae commercial active dry yeasts treated or not with bentonite and were compared with a control wine obtained by spontaneous fermentation (using the grape must microbiota). Several significant effects on the chemical and sensorial attributes were established by statistical treatments. The selection by multiple variable analysis of seven volatile molecules (ethyl acetate; methanol; 1-propanol; isobutanol; 2-methyl-1-butanol; 3-metyl-1-butanol and 2-phenylethanol) provided several footprints that provide an easy visualization of bentonite effects on wine volatile compounds. A Principal Component Analysis carried out with all the compounds quantified by Gas-Chromatography revealed that the first two Principal Components explain 60.15 and 25.91%, respectively, of the total variance and established five groups that match with the five wines analyzed. Lastly, predictive models at p ≤ 0.05 level for the attributes sight, smell and taste were obtained by Partial Least Squared regression analysis of selected chemical variables.     

Comparison of Volatile Profiles of Meads and Related Unifloral Honeys: Traceability Markers

Volatile profiles of unifloral honeys and meads prepared in different ways (boiled-saturated, not boiled-unsaturated) were investigated by headspace solid-phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) and dehydration homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction (DHLLE) followed by GC-FID/MS analyses. The obtained data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the differences between the investigated products. The volatile profiles of honey as well as the boiled and the not boiled meads prepared from it showed significant discrepancies. The meads contained more aliphatic acids and esters but fewer monoterpenes and aliphatic hydrocarbons than the honey. Significant/substantial differences were found between the boiled (more aliphatic alcohols and acids) and the not boiled meads (more aliphatic hydrocarbons and esters). Some compounds related to yeast metabolism, such as tryptophol, may be considered markers of honey fermentation. This research allowed us to identify chemical markers of botanical origin, retained and detectable in the meads: 4-isopropenylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid and 4-(1-hydroxy-2-propanyl)cyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid for linden; valeric acid, γ-valerolactone, p-hydroxybenzoic acid for buckwheat; 4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid, homovanillic acid and trans-coniferyl alcohol for honeydew; and methyl syringate for canola.     

基于白噪声模型的结构振动响应估计及控制优化

为研究平稳随机振动下的结构响应估计与结构控制,首先对理想白噪声、限宽白噪声、连续限宽白噪声这三种白噪声模型的统计特征进行研究,对理想白噪声与限宽白噪声模型的时频特征进行了详细的理论分析,推导了连续限宽白噪声模型的自相关函数,并结合数值仿真对其信号频谱特征进行了验证与说明;其次,以三层剪切框架为例,详细推导了利用李雅普诺夫方程与理想白噪声模型预测结构振动信号的方差特性的过程;最后,针对广州新电视塔,利用随机地震金井清模型进行结构控制优化研究与分析,提出了同时考虑调频质量阻尼器频率与阻尼的结构控制优化设计方法.     

InGaN蓝光与CdTe纳米晶基白光LED

报道了倒装焊InGaN蓝光LED与黄光CdTe纳米晶的复合结构。利用蓝光作为CdTe纳米晶的激发源,通过光的下转换机制,将部分蓝光转化为黄光,复合发射出白光。室温下正向驱动电流为10mA时,发光色品坐标为x=0.29,y=0.30。实验表明,该复合结构白光LED的一大优点在于,复合光的色品坐标几乎不随正向驱动电流大小变化,颜色稳定。     

光程变化对基于近红外光谱的黄酒品质检测的影响

以绍兴酒为研究对象,利用近红外光谱分析技术和化学计量学分析方法,开展了光程变化对基于近红外光谱的黄酒品质检测影响的研究,建立了黄酒酒精度、糖度和pH值3个品质指标的分析模型.通过比较0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5和3 mm 6个不同光程,并比较原始光谱、一阶微分光谱和二阶微分光谱三种光谱预处理方式对模型性能的影响,确定了这3个指标的最佳检测方式.黄酒酒精度和pH的最佳检测方式为:光程2 mm,采用偏最小二乘回归结合原始光谱;糖度的最佳检测方式为光程1mm,采用偏最小二乘回归结合原始光谱.这一研究表明光程变化对基于近红外光谱的黄酒品质检测有影响,选择合适的光程能够有效地提高检测精度.     

HPLC法同时测定黄酒中4种非法食品添加剂

建立高效液相色谱同时测定黄酒中安赛蜜、苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠4种非法食品添加剂的方法。黄酒中的待测物质经提取后,采用C18柱分离,以甲醇–乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行洗脱,在波长230 nm处用高效液相色谱–二极管阵列检测器进行测定。安赛蜜、苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠的质量浓度在0.5～200.0μg/mL范围内与其色谱峰面积的线性关系良好(r0.999 7),检出限为0.29～0.74μg/L。在0.5,1.0,2.5,5.0,7.5 mg添加水平时的平均回收率在95.6%～104.0%范围内,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.3%～1.5%(n=6)。该方法操作简便,分离效果好,灵敏度高,结果稳定可靠,适合于黄酒中安赛蜜、苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠的同时测定。     

High Crystalline Prussian White Nanocubes as a Promising Cathode for Sodium‐ion Batteries

Prussian blue and its analogues (PBAs) have been recognized as one of the most promising cathode materials for room‐temperature sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, we report high crystalline and Na‐rich Prussian white Na₂CoFe(CN)₆ nanocubes synthesized by an optimized and facile co‐precipitation method. The influence of crystallinity and sodium content on the electrochemical properties was systematically investigated. The optimized Na₂CoFe(CN)₆ nanocubes exhibited an initial capacity of 151 mA h g^?1, which is close to its theoretical capacity (170 mA h g^?1). Meanwhile, the Na₂CoFe(CN)₆ cathode demonstrated an outstanding long‐term cycle performance, retaining 78 % of its initial capacity after 500 cycles. Furthermore, the Na₂CoFe(CN)₆ Prussian white nanocubes also achieved a superior rate capability (115 mA h g^?1 at 400 mA g^?1, 92 mA h g^?1 at 800 mA g^?1). The enhanced performances could be attributed to the robust crystal structure and rapid transport of Na ions through large channels in the open‐framework. Most noteworthy, the as‐prepared Na₂CoFe(CN)₆ nanocubes are not only low‐cost in raw materials but also contain a rich sodium content (1.87 Na ions per lattice unit cell), which will be favorable for full cell fabrication and large‐scale electric storage applications.     

SrSnO_3:Eu~(3+)红色荧光粉的合成及发光性能的研究

通过传统的高温固相法成功合成了SrSnO_3∶Eu~(3+)红色荧光粉。通过对样品X射线衍射图谱、激发发射图谱和衰减曲线的研究,证明了合成的SrSnO_3∶Eu~(3+)红色荧光粉是纯相而且具有良好的发光性能与热稳定性。SrSnO_3∶0.05Eu~(3+)荧光粉在396 nm激发下Eu~(3+)通过~5D_0→~7F_2能级跃迁,在614 nm处发出比较强烈的红光,色坐标为(0.608,0.386),通过计算得出温度猝灭的活化能ΔE=0.138 e V。综上所述,SrSnO_3∶Eu~(3+)荧光粉是一种比较有前途的白色LED用近紫外蓝光激发红色荧光粉。     

CdS薄膜中"白斑"的研究

本论文对CdS薄膜中的"白斑"进行了研究.化学水浴沉积法(CBD)制备CdS薄膜所需要的化学反应物包括硫脲、氨水、镉盐和铵盐等.文中采用两种镉盐和铵盐来沉积CdS薄膜:氯化镉和氯化铵,乙酸镉和乙酸铵.所沉积的CdS薄膜的表观形貌由SEM表征,成分由EDX表征.当镉盐和铵盐分别采用氯化镉和氯化铵时,生成的薄膜中存在大量的"白斑".这些"白斑"的成分不是CdS,而是(CdCl)2S.增加氨水的浓度可以大大减少这些"白斑",但是不能彻底消除这些"白斑".当镉盐和铵盐分别采用乙酸镉和乙酸铵时,生成的薄膜均匀、平整,薄膜中根本就不存在所谓的"白斑".因此,沉积CdS薄膜时,镉盐和铵盐不宜采用氯化镉和氯化铵,应该采用乙酸镉和乙酸铵.